1889

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Events

January–March

January 1
- The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada.
- Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas.
January 4 – An Act to Regulate Appointments in the Marine Hospital Service of the United States is signed by President Grover Cleveland. It establishes a Commissioned Corps of officers, as a predecessor to the modern-day U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
January 8 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine in the United States.
January 15 – The Coca-Cola Company is originally incorporated as the Pemberton Medicine Company in Atlanta, Georgia.
January 22 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, D.C.

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January 30: Suicide of Rudolf & Mary at Mayerling

January 30 – Mayerling incident: Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria and his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera commit a double suicide (or a murder-suicide) in the Mayerling hunting lodge.
February 11 – The Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted; the 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
February 15 – The first issue of the Filipino liberal newspaper La Solidaridad is published in Spain.
February 17 – The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds is founded in Manchester (England), originally known as "The Plumage League" to campaign against the use of plumage in women's clothing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
February 22 – President Grover Cleveland signs the Enabling Act of 1889, admitting North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington as U.S. states.
February 25 – The landmark court decision in the case of The Moorcock establishes the concept of implied terms in English contract law.<ref>14 PD 64.</ref>
March 2 – The United States Congress proclaims the entire Bering Sea to be under US control.
March 9 – Battle of Metemma: Yohannes IV, Emperor of Ethiopia, is killed; Sudanese forces, who have been almost defeated, rally and destroy the Ethiopian army. Yohannes is probably the world's last ruler ever to die in battle; on March 25 Menelik II proclaims himself as his successor.
March 11 – The North Carolina Legislature issues a charter for the creation of Elon College.
March 12 – Almon B. Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas, files a patent in the United States for an automatic telephone exchange using the Strowger switch.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
March 15 – Samoan crisis: German and American warships keep each other at bay in a standoff in Apia Harbor, ending when a cyclone blows in and sinks them all.
March 22 – English Association football team Sheffield United F.C. is formed at the Adelphi Hotel, Sheffield. They play their first match on September 7.
March 23 – Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in Punjab Province (British India).

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March 31: The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated, becoming the tallest structure in the world

March 30 – Preston North End F.C. win the 1889 FA Cup final in England.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Having on January 5 won the first Football League title with no defeats all season, they complete the double in Association football.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
March 31 – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated in Paris (opens May 6). At Template:Convert, its height exceeds the previous tallest structure in the world by Template:Convert. Contemporary critics regard it as aesthetically displeasing.

April–June

April – British chemists Frederick Abel and James Dewar file their first patent for the smokeless propellant cordite.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
April 1 – Following a failed attempt at a coup, French defense minister Georges Boulanger is forced to flee the country.
April 10 – The Hammarby Roddförening (later Hammarby IF) sports club is founded in Sweden.
April 20 – Birth of Adolf Hitler at Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary, the son of customs official Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara.

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April 22: Oklahoma Land Run

April 22 – At high noon in Oklahoma Territory, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed, with populations of at least 10,000.
May – 1889–1890 pandemic of influenza first reported in the city of Bukhara in the Central Asian part of the Russian Empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
May 2 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will become Eritrea.
May 6 – The Exposition Universelle opens in Paris, with the Eiffel Tower as its entrance arch. The Galerie des machines, at Template:Convert, spans the longest interior space in the world at this time.
May 11 – Wham Paymaster robbery: An attack upon a U.S. Army paymaster and escort in the Arizona Territory results in the theft of over $28,000, and the award of two Medals of Honor.
May 28 – Rubber tire company Michelin is registered by Édouard and André Michelin in Clermont-Ferrand, France.
May 31
- Johnstown Flood: The South Fork Dam collapses in western Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
- The Naval Defence Act dictates that the fleet strength of the British Royal Navy must be equal to that of at least any two other countries.<ref name=CBH>Template:Cite book</ref>
June – Vincent van Gogh paints The Starry Night at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
June 3 – The first long distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running Template:Convert between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
June 6 – The Great Seattle Fire ravages through the downtown area without any fatalities.
June 12 – The Armagh rail disaster: runaway carriages from a Sunday school excursion collide with an oncoming train near Armagh in the north of Ireland, killing 80, leading to rapid passage of the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 on railway signalling and brakes in the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 19 – A Neapolitan baker named Raffaele Esposito invents the Pizza Margherita, named after the queen consort of Italy Margherita of Savoy. This is the forerunner of the modern pizza.
June 26 – Bangui is founded in the French Congo.
June 28 – The annular solar eclipse of June 28, 1889 is visible across the Atlantic Ocean, Africa and Indian Ocean, and is the 47th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 125.
June 29–30 – First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held.

July–September

July 6 – Several aristocrats are implicated in the Cleveland Street scandal after police raid a male brothel in London.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">Template:Cite book</ref>
July 8
- The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published in New York City.
- The last official bare-knuckle boxing title fight is held (under London Prize Ring Rules): Heavyweight Champion John L. Sullivan, the Boston Strong Boy, defeats Jake Kilrain in a world championship bout, lasting 75 rounds, in Mississippi.
July 14 – International Workers Congresses of Paris open, and establish the Second International.
July 15 – The Emperor of Brazil, Pedro II, survives an assassination attempt in Rio de Janeiro.
July 31 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, marries Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, at Buckingham Palace in London.
August 3 – Mahdist War: Battle of Toski – Egyptian and British troops are victorious.
August 4 – The Great Fire of Spokane, Washington, destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.
August 6 – The Savoy Hotel in London opens.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">Template:Cite book</ref>
August 10 – At the Vienna Hofburg, the grand opening ceremony is held for the Imperial Natural History Museum (Template:Langx), begun in 1871; from August 13 to the end of December, the museum counts 175,000 visitors.
August 14–September 15 – London Dock Strike: Dockers strike for a minimum wage of sixpence an hour ("The dockers' tanner"), which they eventually receive, a landmark in the development of New Unionism in Britain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
August 26 – The Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act, commonly known as the Children's Charter, is passed in the United Kingdom; for the first time it imposes criminal penalties to deter child abuse.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
August 30 – The Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office officially opens in London.
August – The Jewish settlement of Moisés Ville is founded in Argentina.
September 10 – Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi becomes Albert I, Prince of Monaco.
September 17 – American Civil War veteran Charles Jefferson Wright founds New York Military Academy, with 75 students on Template:Convert of land in Cornwall, New York.

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September 23: Nintendo founded as a playing card manufacturer

September 23 – The Nintendo Koppai (later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded in Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi, to produce and market Hanafuda playing cards.

October–December

October 2 – In Washington, D.C., the first International Conference of American States begins.
October 6
- Mount Kilimanjaro's summit is first reached, by German geologist Hans Meyer with Austrian mountaineer Ludwig Purtscheller.
- The Moulin Rouge cabaret opens in Paris.
October 12 – Gustaf Åkerhielm, previously Swedish Foreign Minister, replaces Gillis Bildt as Prime Minister of Sweden.
October 21 – Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder is recorded by Adelbert Theodor Wangemann, a German associate of Thomas Edison, on wax cylinders via phonograph. The two surviving wax cylinders that are produced make von Moltke, who was born in 1800, the earliest-living human whose voice was recorded, and the only human born in the 18th century whose voice can be heard in the 21st.
October 24 – Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of New South Wales, delivers the Tenterfield Oration, calling for the Federation of Australia.
October 29 – The British South Africa Company receives a Royal Charter.<ref name=CBH/>
November – The first free elections are held in Costa Rica.
November 2
- North Dakota and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th U.S. states, respectively.
- English Association football team Wimbledon F.C. plays their first match.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
November 8 – Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
November 11 – Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
November 14 – Pioneer American woman journalist Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) begins an attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days, inspired by Jules Verne; she finishes the journey in 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes.
November 15 – Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca organizes a military coup which deposes Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and abolishes the Brazilian monarchy. Deodoro da Fonseca proclaims Brazil a republic, and forms a provisional government.
November 17 – The Brazilian Imperial Family is forced into exile in France.
November 19 – The modern-day flag of Brazil is adopted by the Provisional Government of the Republic.
November 20
- Argentina is the first country to recognize the abolition of the monarchy in Brazil.
- Gustav Mahler premieres his Symphony No. 1, in Budapest.
November 23 – The first jukebox goes into operation, at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco.
November 27 – Clemson University is founded in Clemson, South Carolina.
December 14 – In US college football, Wofford and Furman play the first intercollegiate football game in the state of South Carolina, starting the Furman–Wofford football rivalry.
December 23 – The Spanish Association football team Recreativo de Huelva is formed (the oldest club in Spain by the 21st century).
December 28 – The first interurban tram-train to emerge in the United States is the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
December 30 – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, introduces the Kanunname of 1889 against the slave trade.<ref>Erdem, Y. (1996). Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise 1800–1909. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 144</ref>

Undated

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Panama, yellow fever

Yellow fever interrupts the building of the Panama Canal.
A huge locust swarm crosses the Red Sea and destroys crops in the Nile Valley.
An early method of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, as developed by the Swiss engineer René Thury,<ref>Donald Beaty et al., "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 11th Ed.", McGraw Hill, 1978</ref> is implemented commercially in Italy by the Acquedotto de Ferrari-Galliera Company. This system transmits 630 kW at 14 kV DC over a distance of Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Capilano Bridge

The Capilano Suspension Bridge (the longest suspension foot-bridge in the world) is opened in British Columbia.
Arthur Wharton signs for Rotherham Town F.C. in England for the 1889/90 season, becoming the world's first black professional Association football player.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Wisden Cricketers' Almanack publishes its first Wisden Cricketers of the Year (actually titled Six Great Bowlers of the Year). The cricketers chosen are George Lohmann, Bobby Peel, Johnny Briggs, Charles Turner, John Ferris and Sammy Woods.

Births

March 1
- Kanoko Okamoto, Japanese novelist, poet and Buddhist scholar (d. 1939)
- Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (d. 1960)
March 4
- Oren E. Long, American politician, 10th Governor of Hawai'i (d. 1965)
- Pearl White, American silent film actress (d. 1938)
March 15 – Hiroaki Abe, Japanese admiral (d. 1949)
March 16 – Reggie Walker, South African sprinter (d. 1951)
March 21 – Aleksandr Vertinsky, Russian singer, actor (d. 1957)
March 24 – Albert Hill, British distance runner (d. 1969)
March 29 – Warner Baxter, American actor (d. 1951)
March 30 – Herman Bing, German-American character, voice actor (d. 1947)

April

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Charlie Chaplin

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Adolf Hitler

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Manuel Prado Ugarteche

April 4
- Hans-Jürgen von Arnim, German general (d. 1962)
- Angelo Iachino, Italian admiral (d. 1976)
April 7 – Gabriela Mistral, Chilean writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
April 8 – Adrian Boult, English conductor (d. 1983)
April 11 – Nick LaRocca, American jazz cornetist (d. 1961)
April 14 – Arnold J. Toynbee, English historian (d. 1975)
April 15
- Thomas Hart Benton, American painter (d. 1975)
- A. Philip Randolph, African-American civil rights activist (d. 1979)
April 16 – Charlie Chaplin, English comic actor, film director (d. 1977)
April 20
- Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland, Swedish and Norwegian prince (d. 1918)
- Adolf Hitler, Austrian-born dictator of Nazi Germany (suicide 1945)
April 21
- Paul Karrer, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (d. 1967)
April 23 – Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (killed in action 1942)
April 26 – Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-born philosopher (d. 1951)
April 28
- Takeo Kurita, Japanese admiral (d. 1977)
- António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese dictator (d. 1970)
April 30 – Fritz Pfeffer, German-Dutch housemate of Anne Frank (d. 1944)

May

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Ouyang Yuqian

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Igor Sikorsky

May 3
- Beulah Bondi, American actress (d. 1981)
- Gottfried Fuchs, German-Canadian Olympic soccer player (d. 1972)
May 12
- Otto Frank, German publisher, businessman, father of Anne Frank (d. 1980)
- Abelardo L. Rodríguez, Mexican professional baseball player, general and substitute President of Mexico, 1932–1934 (d. 1967)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ouyang Yuqian, Chinese playwright, director and Peking opera performer (d. 1962)
May 18 – Thomas Midgley Jr., American chemist, inventor (d. 1944)
May 23 – Carlo Braga, Filipino Roman Catholic priest, archbishop and servant of God (d. 1971)
May 25
- Günther Lütjens, German admiral (d. 1941)
- Igor Sikorsky, Russian developer of the helicopter (d. 1972)

June

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Beno Gutenberg

June 2 – Martha Wentworth, American actress (d. 1974)
June 4 – Beno Gutenberg, German-American seismologist (d. 1960)
June 10 – Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor, film director (d. 1973)
June 13
- Amadeo Bordiga, Italian Marxist theorist, politician (d. 1970)
- Gao Qifeng, Chinese painter (d. 1933)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action 1915)
June 21 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter (d. 1972)
June 23 – Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (d. 1966)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 25 – John Morton-Finney, American civil rights activist, lawyer and educator (d. 1998)
June 27 – Moroni Olsen, American actor (d. 1954)

July

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Jean Cocteau

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Ante Pavelić

July 5 – Jean Cocteau, French writer (d. 1963)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
July 6 – Takeo Itō, Japanese general (d. 1965)
July 7 – Shiro Kawase, Japanese admiral (d. 1946)
July 8 – Eugene Pallette, American actor (d. 1954)
July 14 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian fascist dictator (d. 1959)
July 15 – Marjorie Rambeau, American actress (d. 1970)
July 17 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American author (d. 1970)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
July 18 – Kōichi Kido, Japanese politician (d. 1977)
July 22 – Tony Jannus, American aviator, aircraft designer (d. 1916)
July 24 – Murray Kinnell, English actor (d. 1954)

August

August 5 – Conrad Aiken, American writer (d. 1973)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
August 6 – George Kenney, World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d. 1977)
August 10 – Norman Scott, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (killed in action 1942)
August 11 – Ronald Fairbairn, Scottish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. 1964)
August 15 – Marthe Richard, French prostitute, spy and politician (d. 1982)
August 21 – Sir Richard O'Connor, British general (d. 1981)
August 25 – Ioan Dumitrache, Romanian general (d. 1977)
August 29 – Alfredo Obviar, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop and Servant of God (d. 1978)