March 1 – The Ohio Company of Associates is organized by five businessmen at a meeting at the Bunch-of-Grapes Tavern in Boston to purchase land from the United States government to form settlements in the modern-day U.S. state of Ohio.<ref>"Manasseh Cutler, the Man Who Purchased Ohio", by William F. Poole, in New England Historical and Genealogical Register (April 1873) p161</ref><ref>The Cincinnati Directory Advertiser for the Years 1836–7 (J. H. Woodruff, 1836) p198</ref>
March 13 – Construction begins in Dublin on the Four Courts Building, with the first stone laid down by the United Kingdom's Viceroy for Ireland, the Duke of Rutland.<ref>Sir John Carr, The Stranger in Ireland, Or, A Tour in the Southern and Western Parts of that Country in the Year 1805 (Lincoln & Gleason, 1806) p274</ref>
April 2 – The Creek Nation declares war on the U.S. State of Georgia over the matter of white settlers on land not ceded by the Nation. A truce is negotiated on April 17 between Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray (Hoboi-Hili-Miko) and U.S. Army General Lachlan McIntosh but is soon repudiated.<ref>Lucian Lamar Knight, Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends (Byrd Printing, 1913) p476
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April 11 – Columbia College (modern-day Columbia University) holds its first graduation, with eight students, including DeWitt Clinton.<ref>Robert McCaughey, Stand, Columbia: A History of Columbia University (Columbia University Press, 2012) p54</ref>
April 25 – The United States and the Kingdom of Portugal sign their first commercial treaty, but it is never ratified.<ref>Robert Morris, ed., The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784: November 1, 1782 – May 4, 1783 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988) p627</ref>
April 27 – British astronomer William Herschel publishes his first list of his discoveries, Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; two additional books are published in 1789 and 1802.<ref>Stephen James O'Meara, Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects (Cambridge University Press, 2016) p534</ref>
June 6 – Nathaniel Gorham is chosen as the new President of the U.S. Confederation Congress to substitute for John Hancock, who cannot take office because of illness.<ref name="Harper1786">Template:Cite book</ref>
September 11–14 – The Annapolis Convention is held by delegates from six of the 13 states (Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey and New York) resulting in the scheduling of the Philadelphia Convention to draft a national constitution.<ref name="Harper1786"/>
October 6 – HMS Bellerophon begins service with the Royal Navy.<ref>Colin Pengelly, HMS Bellerophon (Pen and Sword, 2014)</ref>
October 10 – The Confederation Congress of the United States directs backpay for seven months for Virginia officers who have been waiting since 1782.<ref>Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia (January 6, 1787) p145</ref>
October 12 – King George III of the United Kingdom appoints Captain Arthur Phillip as the first Governor of New Holland, which comprises the area of modern Australia from the 135th meridian east to the east coast and all adjacent islands in the Pacific Ocean.<ref>"Conquest", by Alan Atkinson, in Australia's Empire, ed. by Deryck M. Schreuder, Deryck Schreuder and Stuart Ward (Oxford University Press, 2008) p33</ref>
October 16 – The Confederation Congress establishes the United States Mint to make common coinage and currency for the U.S., to replace individual state coins.<ref name="Harper1786"/>
October 24 – General David Cobb of the Massachusetts militia defeats a body of rebel insurgents at Taunton, Massachusetts in one of the battles of Shays' Rebellion.<ref>Collections of the Old Colony Historical Society No. 6 (1899) p151</ref>
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