As a result of the obstruction of the airflow in the glottis, the glottal vibration either stops or becomes irregular with a low rate and sudden drop in intensity.<ref name="umeda">Template:Cite journal</ref>
It has no phonation at all, as there is no airflow through the glottis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is voiceless, however, in the sense that it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
In the graphic representation of most Philippine languages, the glottal stop has no consistent symbolization. In most cases, however, a word that begins with a vowel-letter (e.g. TagalogTemplate:Lang, "dog") is always pronounced with an unrepresented glottal stop before that vowel (as in Modern German and Hausa). Some orthographies use a hyphen instead of the reverse apostrophe if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. Tagalog Template:Lang, "love"; or Visayangabi-i, "night"). If it occurs in the end of a word, the last vowel can be written with a circumflex accent (known as the pakupyâ) if both a stress and a glottal stop occur in the final vowel (e.g. basâ, "wet") or a grave accent (known as the paiwà) if the glottal stop occurs at the final vowel, but the stress occurs at the penultimate syllable (e.g. batà, "child").<ref name="expr">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="nolasco">Template:CitationTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name="tagalog">Template:Cite book</ref>
In 2015, two women in the Northwest Territories challenged the territorial government over its refusal to permit them to use the letter Template:Angbr in their daughters' names: Sahaiʔa, a Chipewyan name, and Sakaeʔah, a Slavey name (the two names are actually cognates). The territory argued that territorial and federal identity documents were unable to accommodate the character. The women registered the names with hyphens instead of the Template:Angbr, while continuing to challenge the policy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In English, the glottal stop occurs as an open juncture (for example, between the vowel sounds in uh-oh!,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>) and allophonically in t-glottalization. In British English, the glottal stop is most familiar in the Cockney pronunciation of "butter" as "bu'er". Geordie English often uses glottal stops for t, k, and p, and has a unique form of glottalization. Additionally, there is the glottal stop as a null onset for English; in other words, it is the non-phonemic glottal stop occurring before isolated or initial vowels.
Often a glottal stop happens at the beginning of vowel phonation after a silence.<ref name = umeda/>
In American English, a "t" is usually not aspirated in syllables ending either in a vowel + "t", such as "cat" or "outside"; or in a "t" + unstressed vowel + "n", such as "mountain" or "Manhattan". This is referred to as a "held t" as the airflow is stopped by tongue at the ridge behind the teeth. However, there is a trend of younger speakers in the Mid-Atlantic states to replace the "held t" with a glottal stop, so that "Manhattan" sounds like "Man-haʔ-in" or "Clinton" like "Cli(n)ʔ-in", where "ʔ" is the glottal stop. This may have crossed over from African American Vernacular English, particularly that of New York City.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
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Most English speakers today often use a glottal stop before the initial vowel of words beginning with a vowel, particularly at the beginning of sentences or phrases or when a word is emphasized. This is also known as "hard attack".<ref name="glottal2" /> Traditionally in Received Pronunciation, "hard attack" was seen as a way to emphasize a word. Today, in British, American and other varieties of English, it is increasingly used not only to emphasize but also simply to separate two words, especially when the first word ends in a glottal stop.Template:Clarify<ref name="glottal1">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="glottal2">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="glottal3">Template:Cite journal</ref>
In many languages that do not allow a sequence of vowels, such as Persian, the glottal stop may be used epenthetically to prevent such a hiatus. There are intricate interactions between falling tone and the glottal stop in the histories of such languages as Danish (see stød), Cantonese and Thai.Template:Citation needed
In many languages, the unstressed intervocalic allophone of the glottal stop is a creaky-voiced glottal approximant. It is known to be contrastive in only one language, Gimi, in which it is the voiced equivalent of the stop.Template:Citation needed
One of the possible realizations of stød. Depending on the dialect and style of speech, it can be instead realized as laryngealisation of the preceding sound. See Danish phonology.
Glottal stop before initial vowel at the start of a phrase. Elsewhere, optionally, to emphasize a word or separate it from the previous one.<ref name="glottal1"/><ref name="glottal2"/>
Allophone of final Template:IPA in the syllable coda, pronounced before consonants and at end of the a word. In other positions, Template:IPA has phonemic status only in loanwords from Arabic. See Malay phonology
