1651

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September 3: King Charles II of Scotland is defeated at the Battle of Worcester, the last battle of the English Civil War.

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File:De doorbraak van de Sint-Anthonisdijk bij Amsterdam Dijkdoorbraak te zien van de Amsterdamse Sint Anthonisdijk - nu Zeeburgerdijk - ten gevolge van de Sint-Pietersvloed in 1651, SK-A-5030.jpg

March 4: St. Peter's Flood breaches the dikes of Amsterdam

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Events

January–March

January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone (his first crowning).<ref>George William Cullen Gross, '1651: The Last Coronation in Scotland', Court Historian, 26:3 (December, 2021), p. 231.</ref>
January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín, in 1641 and 1647.<ref name=barana339>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=pinochetetal83>Template:Cite book</ref>
February 22 – St. Peter's Flood: A first storm tide in the North Sea strikes the coast of Germany, drowning thousands.<ref>East Frisian History: From 1648 to 1668, Volume 5, ed. by Tileman Dothias Wiarda Winter, 1795 - 453 pages; Page 56ff. Local History and Tourist Association Holtgast e. V., 1795) pages 56ff. accessed on April 8, 2009</ref> The island of Juist is split in half, and the western half of Buise is probably washed away.
March 4 – St. Peter's Flood: Another storm tide in the North Sea strikes the Netherlands, flooding Amsterdam.
March 6 – The town of Kajaani is founded by Count Per Brahe the Younger.<ref>Kajaanin kaupunki täyttää tänä vuonna komeat 370 vuotta – juhlitaan kaupunkiamme eri tavoin (in Finnish)</ref>
March 15 – Prince Aisin Gioro Fulin attains the age of 13 and becomes the Shunzhi Emperor of China, which had been governed by a regency since the death of his father Hong Taiji in 1643.
March 26 – The Spanish ship San José, loaded with silver, is pushed south by strong winds; it wrecks on the coast of southern Chile, and its surviving crew is killed by indigenous Cuncos.<ref name=Solano1899>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

April–June

April 7 – Shunzhi, Emperor of China, announces in an imperial edict that he will purge corruption from government.
April 25 – Thomas Hobbes publishes his magnum opus, the political tract Leviathan, in England. <ref>"Leviathan and De Cive", by Karl Schuhmann, in Leviathan After 350 Years, ed. by Luc Foisneau (Clarendon Press, 2004) p.17</ref>
May 12 – General Marcin Kalinowski of Poland wins the Battle of Kopychyntsi against Zaporozhian Cossacks forces under the command of Asand Demka during the Khmelnytsky Uprising in what is now Ukraine.
May 21 – The Sovereign Military Order of Malta purchases the Caribbean islands of Saint Barthélemy, Saint Christopher, Saint Croix and Saint Martin from the France's Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. The Order will sell the islands in 1665 to the French West India Company.
June 17 – Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659); A squadron of Spanish galleys under John of Austria the Younger capture the French galleon Lion Couronné off Formentera, Balearic Islands, Spain.
June 30 – After three days of fighting in the Battle of Berestechko in Ukraine, one of the biggest land battles of the 17th century, with some 205,000 troops in the field, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Army defeats the Zaporozhian Cossacks.

July–September

July 20 – At the Battle of Inverkeithing in Scotland, the English Parliamentarian New Model Army, under Major-General John Lambert, defeats a Scottish Covenanter army acting on behalf of Charles II, led by Sir John Brown of Fordell.
August 13 – The troops of King Charles II of Scotland force the retreat of English Commonwealth troops at the Battle of Warrington Bridge, the last victory of Scotland over England in battle.
August 28
- The "Onfall of Alyth takes place in the Scottish town of the same name when most of the members of Scotland's governing body, the Committee of States, are betrayed to English invaders. The Earl of Leven, the Earl of Crawford, the Earl Marischal, Lord Nairne and other prominent people are captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London. <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Battle of Upton is fought at Upton-upon-Severn in England, where Scottish invaders commanded by Major General Edward Massey are defeated by the English Parliamentarians led by John Lambert. The retreat of the Scots clears the way for the successful English attack at Worcester.
September 1 – The siege of Dundee ends with the English Parliamentarian army, under General Monck, decisively defeating Covenanters in the last battle of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in Scotland.
September 2 – Kösem Sultan is assassinated by her daughter-in-law, Turhan Sultan.
September 3 – Charles II of England, leading a largely-Scottish army, is defeated in the Battle of Worcester, the last major battle of the English Civil War, and forced to flee.

October–December

October 14 – Laws are passed in Massachusetts, forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.
October 16 – Prince Charles Template:Dubious of the House of Stuart escapes from England to find refuge in France.<ref name="CBH1651">Template:Cite book</ref>
October – An English diplomatic team, headed by Oliver St John, goes to The Hague to negotiate an alliance between the Commonwealth of England and the Dutch Republic.
November 3 – The Manx Rebellion of 1651 comes to an end as the Countess of Derby surrenders the Isle of Man to the forces of Oliver Cromwell in return for a guarantee of safe passage for herself, her family and her servants, off of the island.
November 24 – In China, Qing dynasty forces led by Shang Kexi capture the city of Guangzhou from the Southern Ming and then carry out a massacre of the population, killing as many as 70,000 people over 11 days ending on December 5.<ref>Frederic Wakeman, The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China (University of California Press, 1985) pp. 767–768</ref>
December 17 – Castle Cornet in Guernsey, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the Third English Civil War, surrenders.

Date unknown

The Keian Uprising fails in Japan.
The first coffee house in England is opened in Oxford,<ref name="CBH1651" /> indicative of their increasing popularity in Europe.
The Madanmohan-jiu Temple is built at Samta (India), a village in the Howrah district of West Bengal.