1826

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January 15: The French magazine Le Figaro begins publication.

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Events

January–March

January 15 – The French newspaper Le Figaro begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly.
January 17 – The Ballantyne printing business in Edinburgh (Scotland) crashes, ruining novelist Sir Walter Scott as a principal investor. He undertakes to repay his creditors from his writings. His publisher, Archibald Constable, also fails.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 18 – In India, the Siege of Bharatpur ends in British victory as Lord Combermere and Michael Childers defeat the princely state of Bharatpur, now part of the Indian state of Rajasthan.Template:Cite book
January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford as the first major suspension bridge in world history, is opened between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
February 6 – James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Last of the Mohicans is first printed, by a publisher in Philadelphia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
February 8 – Unitarian Bernardino Rivadavia becomes the first President of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, now Argentina.
February 11
- University College London is founded, under the name University of London.
- Swaminarayan writes the Shikshapatri, an important text within Swaminarayan Hinduism.
February 13 – The American Temperance Society is founded.
February 23 – Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky develops non-Euclidean geometry (independently of Janos Bolyai).
February 24 – The Treaty of Yandabo ends the First Anglo-Burmese War. Britain gains Assam, Manipur, Rakhine and Tanintharyi.<ref>Kaushik Roy and Sourish Saha, Armed Forces and Insurgents in Modern Asia (Routledge, 2016)</ref>
March 1 – A male Indian elephant, Chunee, which was brought to London in 1811, is killed at a menagerie after running amok the week before, killing one of his keepers. After arsenic and shooting fail, the animal is stabbed to death.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
March 7 – Ellen Turner, a wealthy 15-year-old heiress from Cheshire in England, is kidnapped by Edward Gibbon Wakefield. On May 14, Wakefield, his brother and a servant are sentenced to three years' imprisonment for the crime. Wakefield later becomes politically active in the colonisation of New Zealand.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
March 10 – Dom João VI, King of Portugal and former Emperor of Brazil, dies six days after he had been served dinner while visiting Jerónimos Monastery. An investigative autopsy 174 years later will discover that he had been killed by arsenic poisoning. King João's, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, sails back to Portugal and briefly reigns as King Pedro IV of Portugal, before turning over the Portuguese throne to his daughter, Maria.
March – Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13 in B♭ major, Op. 130 is first performed and is premiered by the Schuppanzigh Quartet. In its original form, the piece has Grosse Fuge (later Op. 133) as the final movement.

April–June

April 1 – In the U.S., Samuel Morey patents an internal combustion engine.
April 10 – The Third Siege of Missolonghi ends and is followed by the massacre of thousands of Greek defenders by the Ottoman besiegers.
May 5 – The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, designed by George Stephenson and Joseph Locke, destined to become the world's first purpose-built railway operated by steam locomotives by 1830, is opened after receiving authorisation by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
May 28 – The Emperor Pedro I of Brazil abdicates as King of Portugal.
June 14–15 – The Auspicious Incident: Mahmud II, sultan of the Ottoman Empire, crushes the last mutiny of janissaries in Istanbul.
June 20 – The Burney Treaty is signed in Bangkok between the United Kingdom and the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam, securing British power in southeast Asia.<ref name=CBH>Template:Cite book</ref>
June 21 – Greek War of Independence: The attempted Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani begins.
June 22 – The Pan-American Congress of Panama is opened in Panama City by Simon Bolivar as an attempt to unify the republics of the Americas that had recently declared independence from Spain, or to at least make a federation to agree on a common defense policy and create a common military. The Congress lasts for 23 days without an agreement.<ref name=Reinhold>Frances L. Reinhold, "New research on the first pan-American congress held at Panama in 1826." Hispanic American Historical Review 18.3 (1938): 342-363 online. </ref>

July–September

July 4 – Former U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.
July 15 – The Congress of Panama adjourns after 24 days without an agreement on creating a federation of Latin American nations.<ref name=Reinhold/>
July 25 (O.S.: July 13) – Five leaders of the Decembrist revolt of 1825 in Russia (Pyotr Kakhovsky, Pavel Pestel, poet Kondraty Ryleyev, Sergey Muravyov-Apostol and Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin) are hanged in Senate Square, Saint Petersburg, where they had launched their attempted coup d'etat. Other conspirators begin their journey into exile in Siberia.
July 26 – Cayetano Ripoll becomes the last person to be executed by the Spanish Inquisition at its last auto-da-fé, held in Valencia.
July – Ludwig van Beethoven puts the finishing touches on the String Quartet No. 14 in C♯ minor, Op. 131, the jewel in the crown of his late string quartets.
August 10 – The first Cowes Regatta is held on the Isle of Wight, in the U.K.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
August 18 – Scottish explorer Alexander Gordon Laing becomes the first European to reach Timbuktu<ref name="Pocket On This Day">Template:Cite book</ref> but is murdered there on September 26.
August 28 – The town of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire suffers a landslide; those killed include all seven members of the Willey Family, after whom Mount Willey is named.<ref>Stillman Rogers, It Happened in New Hampshire: Remarkable Events That Shaped History (Globe Pequot, 2012) pp.54-56</ref>
September 13 – William Morgan (anti-Mason) of Batavia, New York, disappears mysteriously after being released from the jail in Canandaigua and agreeing to accompany his benefactor, a Mr. Loton Lawson.He is never seen in public again, and a number of witnesses will indicate later that on September 20, a man resembling Morgan was tied up and thrown into the Niagara River following a meeting of the Masonic Society.<ref>A. P. Bentley, History of the Abduction of William Morgan and the Anti-masonic Excitement of 1826-30, with Many Details and Incidents Never Before Published (Van Cise & Throop, 1874) pp.15-24.</ref>
September 21 – Construction of the Rideau Canal begins in Canada.

October–December

October 1 – The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway opens in Scotland.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
October 7 – The first train operates over the Granite Railway in Massachusetts.<ref name=EB>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref name=Elks>Template:Cite web</ref>
November 3 – The Paris Stock Exchange opens at the Palais de la Bourse.<ref>Jacques Sirat, Braquenié: French Textiles and Interiors Since 1823 (Antique Collectors Club Limited, 1998) p16</ref><ref>"The Bourse", in Frank Leslie's New Family Magazine (July 1858) p42</ref>
December 16 – Benjamin W. Edwards rides into Mexican-controlled Nacogdoches, Texas, and declares himself ruler of the Republic of Fredonia.
December 21 – American settlers in Mexican Texas begin the Fredonian Rebellion, making the first attempt to secede from Mexico. The Republic of Fredoniawill survive for less than six weeks.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
December 25
- The Eggnog Riot breaks out at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York during the early morning hours.
- Major Edmund Lockyer arrives at King George Sound to take possession of the western part of Australia, establishing a settlement near Albany.