1688

File:Prince of Orange engraving by William Miller after Turner R739.jpg

November 15: The Glorious Revolution begins as William of Orange, primary Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, leads an invasion of England with 20,000 soldiers and marches towards London.

Events

January–March

• January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Ocotal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 5 – Pirates Charles Swan and William Dampier and the crew of the privateer Cygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of Australia.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 11 – The Patta Fort and the Avandha Fort, located in what is now India's Maharashtra state near Ahmednagar, are captured from the Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.
• January 17 – Ilona Zrínyi, who has defended the Palanok Castle in Hungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General Antonio Caraffa.
• January 29 – Madame Jeanne Guyon, French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 30 (January 20, 1687 old style) – King James II of England and Scotland issues a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender to Sir Robert Holmes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 7 – Six French Jesuit scientists, Joachim Bouvet, Jean-François Gerbillon, Louis-Daniel Lecomte, Guy Tachard, Claude de Visdelou and the leader, Jean de Fontaney, arrive in Beijing and are welcomed by the Emperor of China, Kangxi.<ref>"Joachim Bouvet", The Catholic Encyclopedia online, NewAdvent.org</ref>
• February 17 – James Renwick, the last of the Covenanters in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of King Charles II, is publicly hanged at Grassmarket square in Edinburgh.
• February 23 – Abaza Siyavuş Pasha, the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, is assassinated by the Janissaries, the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.
• February 28 – The French opera David et Jonathas, composed by Marc-Antoine Charpentier, is performed for the first time.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 1 – A great fire devastates Bungay, England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island, now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).

April–June

• April 3 – Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice.<ref name="NE">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 9 – Morean War: The Venetian forces under Francesco Morosini evacuate Athens<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and Piraeus.
• April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four Germantown Quakers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 4 – King James II of England orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on June 8 the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, is imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it.
• May 9 (April 29 OS) – Friedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia, dies.<ref name="FE">Template:Cite book</ref> Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until 1701, when he becomes the first King of Prussia, as Friedrich I.
• May 10 – King Narai of Ayutthaya nominates Princess Sudawadi as his successor, with Constantine Phaulkon, Mom Pi and Phetracha acting as joint regents.<ref name="NA">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• May 17 – The arrest of King Narai of Ayutthaya launches a coup d'état.
• June 5
  • A 7.0 magnitude earthquake<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> strikes southern Italy at 6:30 in the evening and kills at least 10,000 people in the Kingdom of Naples in what is now the province of Benevento.
  • Constantine Phaulkon is beheaded after having been arrested in May.<ref name="CP">Template:Cite thesis</ref>
• June 10 – The birth of James Francis Edward Stuart (later known as the Old Pretender), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife Mary of Modena, at St James's Palace in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
• June 24 – French forces under Chevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison at Mergui, following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England", and depose King James VII and II.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

July–September

• July 13 – The siege of Negroponte by the Venetians begins.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 1 – Phetracha becomes king of Ayutthaya, after a coup d'état.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 27 – The funding of the armed invasion of William III in England causes a financial crisis in the Dutch Republic.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 6 – Great Turkish War: The Habsburg army captures Belgrade.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 24 – Louis XIV publishes his manifesto Memoire de raisons, which lists his grievances and demands. He cites three major things as grievances: Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, who had been earlier elected to be the coadjutor-archbishop of Cologne with support of Louis being vetoed by the pope, the continued aggressions and forming of alliances against France and providing an alternative to Fürstenberg in the Cologne election by the Holy Roman Empire, and Philip William becoming Elector Palatine and seizing the territory, which he believed belonged to Elizabeth Charlotte.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 27 – The Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America after Louis XIV attacks Philippsburg in the Holy Roman Empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

October–December

• October 21 – The Venetians raise the siege of Negroponte.<ref name="NE" />Template:Rp
• October 26 – King James II of England dismisses his minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 11 (November 1 OS) – Glorious Revolution: William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis, the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.
• November 19 (November 9 OS) – William of Orange captures Exeter, after the magistrates flee the city.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 20 (November 10 OS) – The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 23 – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega.
• November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 7 –

  File:Derry Guildhall Tercentenary Window of The Honourable The Irish Society Detail The shutting of the gates 7 December 1688 A.D. 2019 08 29.jpg

  December 7: The shutting of the gates in Derry in a stained glass window of the Guildhall<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

  The gates of Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite Earl of Antrim and his "redshanks".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This initiates the siege of Derry, which is the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland.
• December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
• December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II attempts to flee to France.
• December 18 – William of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Date unknown

• The Austrians incite the Chiprovtsi Uprising against the Ottomans in Bulgaria after the siege of Belgrade.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
• The earliest known mention of the balalaika is made.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Oroonoko, one of the first English novels and the first by a professional female author (Aphra Behn) is published.

Births

File:Emanuel Swedenborg.PNG

Emanuel Swedenborg

• January 15 – Maria van Lommen, Dutch gold- and silversmith (d. 1742)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• January 18 – Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1765)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 23 – Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• January 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish scientist, philosopher and theologian (d. 1772)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 4 – Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright (d. 1763)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March – William Burnet, British colonial administrator (d. 1729)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 14 – Anna Maria Garthwaite, British designer (d. 1763)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 4 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (d. 1768)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 15 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (d. 1758)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 21 – Alexander Pope, English poet (d. 1744)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• June 10 – James Francis Edward Stuart, The Old Pretender, claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d. 1766)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 19 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 30 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1756)
• August 14 – King Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
• September 12 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1731)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 17 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian-born composer (d. 1726)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 22 – Nader Shah of Persia (d. 1747)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 15 (bapt.) – Charles Rivington, English publisher (d. 1742)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>

Deaths

File:Le Pere Ferdinand Verbiest.gif

Ferdinand Verbiest

File:James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde by William Wissing.jpg

James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond

• January 7 – James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 27 – Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (b. 1613)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 28 – Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b. 1623)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 2 – Abraham Duquesne, French naval officer (b. 1610)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 13 – David Christiani, German mathematician and philosopher (b. 1610)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 17 – James Renwick, Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (b. 1662)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 28 – Johann Sigismund Elsholtz, German naturalist and physician (b. 1623)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 1 – Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England (b. 1636)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 3 – Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (b. 1615)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 8 – Honoré Fabri, French mathematician (b. 1608)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 20 – Maria of Orange-Nassau, Dutch princess (b. 1642)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 23 – Marcantonio Giustinian, 107th Doge of Venice (b. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 26 – Winston Churchill, English noble, soldier (b. 1620)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 27 – Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna, Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (b. 1621)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 28 – Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1638)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 29 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1620)<ref name="FE" />
• May 14 – Antoine Furetière, French writer (b. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 22 – Johannes Andreas Quenstedt, German theologian (b. 1617)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 1 – Peder Hansen Resen, Danish historian (b. 1625)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 3 – Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1621)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 5 – Constantine Phaulkon, Greek adventurer (b. 1647)<ref name="CP" />
• June 26
  • John Claypole, English politician (b. 1625)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
  • Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher (b. 1617)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 28 – Richard Winwood, English politician (b. 1609)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• June 29 – Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (b. 1618)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 11 – King Narai of Thailand (b. 1639)<ref name="NA" />Template:Rp
• July 21 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman (b. 1610)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 25 – Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• August 31 – John Bunyan, English writer (b. 1628)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 2 – Robert Viner, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1631)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• September 9 – Claude Mellan, French painter and engraver (b. 1598)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 13 – Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• September 20 – Queen Jangnyeol, Korean royal consort (b. 1624)
• November 26 – Jacques Goulet, early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (b. 1615)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 4
  • Philips Koninck, Dutch painter (b. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Roger Pepys, English lawyer and politician (b. 1617)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• October 6 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (b. 1653)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 9 – Claude Perrault, French architect (b. 1613)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 14 – Joachim von Sandrart, German Baroque art-historian and painter (b. 1606)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 23 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist (b. 1610)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 26 – Philippe Quinault, French dramatist (b. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 29 – Bohuslav Balbín, Czech writer and Jesuit (b. 1621)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 4 – Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (b. 1610)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• December 8 – Thomas Flatman, British artist (b. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 15 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (b. 1634)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 15 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (b. 1636)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>