Berkshire County, Massachusetts

Berkshire County (pronounced Template:IPAc-en) is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,026.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> The county was founded in 1761.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Berkshire Hills are centered on Berkshire County. Residents are known as Berkshirites. It exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government, with the exception of the retirement board for former county workers, and the offices of the sheriff and the registrar of deeds.

Law and government

Of the fourteen Massachusetts counties, Berkshire County is one of eight that exists today only as a historical geographic region; it has limited county government. Berkshire County government was abolished effective July 1, 2000. Most former county functions were assumed by state agencies, and there is no county council or commission.<ref name="Transition Audit">Official Audit Report – Issued December 16, 2011 Template:Webarchive – Berkshire Sheriff's Office As of January 5, 2011.</ref> The sheriff became a Commonwealth employee, but remains locally elected to perform duties within the county region and retains administrative and operational control over the Berkshire Sheriff's Office, an independent state agency created after the county government was abolished. The Berkshire Sheriff's Office runs the county jail and house of correction.<ref name="Transition Audit"/>

Local communities were granted the right to form their own regional compacts for sharing services, and the towns of Berkshire County have formed such a regional compact known as the Berkshire Regional Planning Commission.

Berkshire County has three Registry of Deeds Districts, one for each district.

Berkshire Northern District in Adams contains records for the city of North Adams and the towns of Adams, Cheshire, Clarksburg, Florida, Hancock, Lanesborough, New Ashford, Savoy, Williamstown, and Windsor.
Berkshire Middle District in Pittsfield contains records for the city of Pittsfield and the towns of Becket, Dalton, Hinsdale, Lee, Lenox, Otis, Peru, Richmond, Stockbridge, Tyringham and Washington.
Berkshire Southern District in Great Barrington contains records for the towns of Alford, Egremont, Great Barrington, Monterey, Mount Washington, New Marlborough, Sandisfield, Sheffield and West Stockbridge.

**County government: Berkshire County**
State government
Clerk of Courts:	Deborah S. Capeless
District Attorney:	Timothy Shugrue
Register of Deeds:	Maria T. Ziemba<ref>Northern Berkshire District Registry of Deeds Template:Webarchive. Sec.state.ma.us. Retrieved on July 15, 2013.</ref> (Northern District at Adams) Patsy Harris (Middle District at Pittsfield) Michelle Laramee-Jenny (Southern District at Great Barrington)
Register of Probate:	Anthony Patella
County Sheriff:	Thomas Bowler
State Representative(s):	3 Representatives: [1] John Barrett III (D), First Berkshire Tricia Farley-Bouvier (D), Second Berkshire William Smitty Pignatelli (D), Third Berkshire
State Senator(s):	1 Senator: [2] Paul Mark (D)
Governor's Councilor(s):	Tara Jacobs (D) - District 8
Federal government
U.S. Representative(s):	Richard Neal (D-1st District)
U.S. Senators:	Elizabeth Warren (D), Ed Markey (D)

Berkshire County is in the Template:Ushr, a primarily rural district that makes up most of Western Massachusetts.

Berkshire County has three districts and elected Representatives in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

First Berkshire. – Consisting of the towns of Adams, Cheshire, Clarksburg, Florida, Hancock, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, New Ashford, North Adams, Peru, Savoy, Williamstown, and Windsor, all in the county of Berkshire. John Barrett III(D) is the current Representative.
Second Berkshire. – Consisting of the city of Pittsfield in the county of Berkshire. Tricia Farley-Bouvier (D) is the current Representative.
Third Berkshire. – Consisting of the towns of Alford, Becket, Dalton, Egremont, Great Barrington, Lee, Lenox, Monterey, Mount Washington, New Marlborough, Otis, Richmond, Sandisfield, Sheffield, Stockbridge, Tyringham, Washington, and West Stockbridge, all in the county of Berkshire. William Smitty Pignatelli (D) is the current Representative.

Berkshire County comprises only part of one district for the Massachusetts Senate due to its low population. The district consists of all 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County as well as the following 25 communities: Ashfield, Buckland, Charlemont, Colrain, Conway, Hawley, Heath, Monroe, Shelburne, Rowe and Whately, in the county of Franklin; Blandford, Chester, Granville, Southwick, and Tolland in the county of Hampden; Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Huntington, Middlefield, Plainfield, Westhampton, Williamsburg and Worthington, in the county of Hampshire. Paul Mark (D) is the current Senator.

The Massachusetts Governor's Council, also known as the Executive Council, is composed of eight individuals elected from districts, and the Lt. Governor who serves ex officio. The eight councillors are elected from their respective districts every two years. Berkshire County is part of the 8th District.

The Council generally meets at noon on Wednesdays in its State House Chamber, next to the Governor's Office, to act on issues such as payments from the state treasury, criminal pardons and commutations, and approval of gubernatorial appointments such as judges, notaries and justices of the peace.

See also the League of Women Voters of Massachusetts former page on counties (more detailed and with map) and its current page on counties (also useful).

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (2.1%) is water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> It is the second-largest county in Massachusetts by land area. The highest natural point in Massachusetts, Mount Greylock at Template:Convert, is in Berkshire County.

Berkshire County is one of two Massachusetts counties that borders three neighboring states (Vermont, New York and Connecticut); the other is Worcester County. The two counties are also the only ones to touch both the northern and southern state lines.

Running north-south through the county are the Hoosac Range of the Berkshire Hills in the eastern part of the county and the Taconic Mountains in the western part of the county. Due to their elevation, the Berkshires attract tourists and summer residents eager to escape the heat of the lowlands.

Adjacent counties

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Template:Massachusetts rivers

Demographics

Template:US Census population

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 134,953 people, 56,006 households, and 35,115 families in the county. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 66,301 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The county's racial makeup was 95.02% White, 1.99% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.59% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. 1.69%.<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.5% were of Italian, 16.4% Irish, 10.8% French, 10.3% English, 8.0% Polish, 7.1% German, 5.8% American and 5.1% French Canadian ancestry, 94.1% spoke English, 1.6% Spanish and 1.1% French as their first language.

Of the 56,006 households 27.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.00% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.30% were non-families. 31.60% of households were one person and 13.90% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.89.

The age distribution was 22.40% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 24.90% from 45 to 64, and 17.90% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 91.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.10 males.

The county's median household income was $39,047, and the median family income was $50,162. Males had a median income of $36,692 versus $26,504 for females. The county's per capita income was $21,807. About 6.50% of families and 9.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.30% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 131,219 people, 56,091 households, and 33,618 families in the county.<ref name="census-dp1">Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 68,508 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref name="census-density">Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 2.7% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.2% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.5% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/> The largest ancestry groups were:<ref name="census-dp2">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Div col

23.5% Irish
16.9% Italian
16.1% French
14.3% English
12.1% German
9.6% Polish
4.9% French Canadian
3.7% Scottish
3.0% American
2.0% Scotch-Irish
2.0% Russian
2.0% Dutch
1.5% Swedish
1.3% Portuguese
1.1% Puerto Rican

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Of the 56,091 households, 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 40.1% were non-families, and 33.0% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age was 44.7 years.<ref name="census-dp1"/>

The median household income was $48,907 and the median family income was $64,783. Males had a median income of $47,401 versus $35,964 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,300. About 7.9% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="census-dp3">Template:Cite web</ref>

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

Template:See also The ranking of unincorporated communities included on the list are reflective if the census designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rank	Town		Per capita income	Median household income	Median family income	Population	Number of households
1	Tyringham	Town	$55,836	$94,375	$126,875	358	149
2	Richmond	Town	$51,808	$88,125	$94,423	1,671	702
3	Alford	Town	$49,272	$85,833	$102,750	501	232
4	Otis	Town	$44,085	$63,672	$70,547	1,248	571
5	Mount Washington	Town	$40,073	$68,750	$69,688	150	64
6	Williamstown	Town	$39,451	$72,743	$97,060	7,828	2,859
7	Egremont	Town	$39,236	$50,848	$66,500	1,043	529
8	Becket	Town	$37,233	$41,852	$62,823	1,775	790
	Lenox	CDP	$37,192	$48,158	$62,569	1,349	782
9	Sheffield	Town	$36,640	$52,181	$75,000	3,255	1,464
10	New Ashford	Town	$35,676	$63,854	$75,750	225	109
11	West Stockbridge	Town	$35,092	$75,543	$97,784	1,573	640
12	Great Barrington	Town	$34,585	$48,561	$73,369	7,131	2,792
13	Cheshire	Town	$34,413	$56,597	$74,250	3,245	1,408
14	Lenox	Town	$33,405	$54,622	$74,844	5,013	2,084
	Housatonic	CDP	$33,281	$28,837	$27,448	1,024	556
15	Windsor	Town	$33,234	$74,866	$99,091	902	321
16	Lanesborough	Town	$33,058	$66,071	$82,400	3,074	1,240
17	Washington	Town	$32,501	$69,286	$71,250	583	240
18	New Marlborough	Town	$32,451	$67,528	$68,750	1,499	591
19	Monterey	Town	$32,404	$42,083	$47,625	793	302
20	Stockbridge	Town	$31,821	$53,698	$69,038	1,755	765
	Williamstown	CDP	$31,808	$46,622	$100,833	3,652	1,312
21	Sandisfield	Town	$31,746	$60,104	$69,706	985	381
22	Hinsdale	Town	$30,753	$62,596	$71,442	2,136	860
23	Hancock	Town	$29,851	$78,571	$79,911	713	254
	Berkshire County	County	$29,387	$48,705	$64,393	131,221	55,793
	Great Barrington	CDP	$28,282	$40,393	$66,500	2,464	1,021
24	Lee	Town	$28,270	$51,835	$67,407	5,932	2,486
25	Peru	Town	$28,080	$68,523	$72,344	863	337
26	Savoy	Town	$27,725	$58,068	$58,452	706	293
	Lee	CDP	$27,549	$43,750	$70,417	1,843	874
27	Dalton	Town	$26,854	$52,285	$61,739	6,753	2,663
28	Pittsfield	City	$26,767	$44,513	$57,673	44,691	19,966
29	Florida	Town	$25,666	$46,458	$58,281	719	337
	Adams	CDP	$25,096	$38,256	$46,554	5,367	2,508
30	Clarksburg	Town	$25,013	$54,095	$61,836	1,702	727
31	Adams	Town	$24,423	$39,080	$46,021	8,494	3,770
32	North Adams	City	$20,330	$36,424	$51,028	13,763	5,867
	Cheshire	CDP	$14,088	$47,361	$56,125	610	209

Politics

Voter registration

Voter registration and party enrollment as of February 2024<ref name="Voters">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Party color cell	Unenrolled	60,723	Template:Percentage
Template:Party color cell	Democratic	28,158	Template:Percentage
Template:Party color cell	Republican	6,786	Template:Percentage
Template:Party color cell	Libertarian	394	Template:Percentage
Template:Party color cell	Other parties	656	Template:Percentage
Total		96,717	Template:Percentage

History

The Mahican (Muh-he-ka-neew) Native American tribe lived in the area that now makes up Berkshire County until the early 18th century, when the first English settlers and frontiersmen appeared and began setting up farms and homesteads. On April 25, 1724, "The English finally paid the Indians 460 pounds, 3 barrels of cider, and 30 quarts of rum" for what is today southern Berkshire County.<ref>David H. Wood, 'Lenox Massachusetts Shire Town', (For the town: Lenox, 1969), p. 5.</ref> This deal did not include modern Stockbridge, Richmond, and Lenox, or any northern towns. Berkshire County was the western part of Hampshire County until separated in 1761.

In the 19th century, Berkshire County became popular with the American elite, which built what they called "cottages" throughout the countryside. The Gilded Age ended in the early 20th century with the income tax, World War I, and the Great Depression. In the 20th century, some of these cottages were torn or burned down, while others became prep schools, historic sites, or bed-and-breakfast inns.

Today Berkshire is known throughout the East Coast and the country as the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood. It includes attractions such as the Clark Art Institute, Norman Rockwell Museum, Naumkeag, Mass MOCA, and Hancock Shaker Village.

Communities

File:BerkMap.jpg

Map of Berkshire County

Transportation

County-wide bus service is provided by the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority. Amtrak train service and Peter Pan intercity bus service is provided at Pittsfield.<ref>Pittsfield, MA Train Station Template:Webarchive, Amtrak. Retrieved July 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Pittsfield Template:Webarchive, Peter Pan Bus Lines. Retrieved July 17, 2017.</ref>

Airports

Major highways

Notable residents

Scholar and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois was born in Great Barrington, MA. His birthplace and other sites of interest are part of the Upper Housatonic Valley African American Heritage Trail.
Folk singer Arlo Guthrie resides in Berkshire County.
Author Nathaniel Hawthorne resided at the "Little Red House" in Lenox, MA near the grounds of the Tanglewood Music Festival, where he wrote The House of Seven Gables and other novels.
Author Herman Melville resided at Arrowhead in Pittsfield, MA, where he wrote the novel Moby Dick.
Artist Norman Rockwell resided in Stockbridge, MA.
Singer-songwriter and guitarist James Taylor resides in Berkshire County.
Author Edith Wharton kept a home in Lenox, MA.
Actor Mark Wahlberg often spends time in Berkshire County, and has a residence in Pittsfield, MA.
Actress Elizabeth Banks is from Pittsfield, MA. and often comes back and visits.
Actress Karen Allen lives in Monterey.
Cellist Yo-Yo Ma has a home in Tyringham.

Economy

This county is the highest milk producer in the state.<ref name="2017-census-county">Template:Cite web</ref>

References

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External links

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Berkshire Regional Planning Commission
Berkshires.org (Berkshires vacation site)
iBerkshires.com (news web site)
Wall & Gray. 1871 - Berkshire County map
Berkshire County Sheriff's Office
US Census Bureau map of cities, towns, Native American reservations, and census-designated places

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Template:Berkshire County, Massachusetts Template:Massachusetts Template:Massachusetts Public High Schools Template:Authority control Template:Coord