1882

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File:First Trolleybuss of Siemens in Berlin 1882 (postcard).jpg

The "Elektromote", the world's first trolleybus,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in Berlin, Germany, 1882

File:Richard Caton Woodville (1856-1927) - The Guards at Tel-el-Kebir, 13 September 1882 - RCIN 407434 - Royal Collection.jpg

September 13: Battle of Tell El Kebir

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Events

January–March

January 2
- The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in New York at the beginning of a lecture tour of the United States and Canada.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 5 – Charles J. Guiteau is found guilty of the assassination of James A. Garfield (President of the United States) and sentenced to death, despite an insanity defense raised by his lawyer.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 12 – Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
February 3 – American showman P. T. Barnum acquires the elephant Jumbo from the London Zoo.
March 2 – Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victoria, at Windsor.
March 18 (March 6 Old Style) – The Principality of Serbia becomes the Kingdom of Serbia following a proclamation.
March 20 – British gunboats enter Monrovia, with Arthur Havelock demanding that Liberia cede disputed territory to the British colony of Sierra Leone, of which he is Governor.
March 22 – Polygamy is made a felony by the Edmunds Act, passed by the United States Congress.
March 24 – Robert Koch announces the discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
March 28
- Republican Jules Ferry makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (laique) and obligatory.
- German medical products company Beiersdorf is founded.
March 29 – The Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal service organization, is founded in New Haven, Connecticut.

April–June

April 3 – Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back of the head and killed by Robert Ford in St. Joseph, Missouri.
April 29 – The Elektromote, the world's first trolleybus, begins operation in Berlin.
May 1
- The Berlin Philharmonic orchestra is founded in Germany, as Frühere Bilsesche Kapelle.
- Édouard Manet exhibits his painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergère at the Paris Salon.
May 2 – The Kilmainham Treaty, an agreement between the British government and Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell to abate tenant rent arrears, is announced; Parnell is released from Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin.
May 6 – Phoenix Park Murders in Ireland: Lord Frederick Cavendish, the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, and Thomas Henry Burke, his Permanent Undersecretary, are fatally stabbed in Phoenix Park, Dublin, by members of the Irish National Invincibles (militant Irish republicans).
May 8 – The Chinese Exclusion Act is the first law which restricts immigration into the United States.
May 18 – Burnley F.C. in Northern England changes codes, from rugby football to association football.
May 20 – The Triple Alliance is formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
June
- Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendentality of pi.
- St Andrew's Ambulance Association is founded in Glasgow, Scotland; St. John Ambulance Canada is also founded this year.
June 6
- Supposedly, the Bombay Cyclone of 1882 in the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead; this alleged event has, however, been proved a hoax.
- Battle of Embabo: The Shewan forces of Menelik II defeat the Gojjame army.
June 11 – The 'Urabi revolt breaks out in Egypt against Khedive Tewfik Pasha and European influence in that country.
June 28 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 is signed, marking territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
June 30 – U.S. presidential assassin Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C.

July–September

July 11–13 – Anglo-Egyptian War: The British Mediterranean Fleet carries out the Bombardment of Alexandria, its forces capturing the city of Alexandria, Egypt, and securing the Suez Canal.
July 23 – The Imo Incident occurs in Seoul, Korea, as a result of bad rations and late payment for soldiers of the Joseon Army.
July 26
- Boers establish the republic of Stellaland in southern Africa.
- Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal debuts, at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in Bavaria.
July 31 – The Hebrew Moshava of Rishon LeZion in Palestine is founded.
August 3 – The U.S. Congress passes the 1882 Immigration Act.
August 5 – Standard Oil of New Jersey, the company later known as ExxonMobil, is established.
August 18 – The Married Women's Property Act 1882 receives royal assent in Britain; it enables women to buy, own and sell property, and to keep their own earnings.
August 20 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow.
August 29 – The Australian cricket team historically defeats England at The Oval for the first time on English soil, a humiliation for the English and the origin for the Ashes test series.
September 4 – Thomas Edison flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in the United States, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan. This is considered by many as the day that begins the electrical age.
September 5
- The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
- Tottenham Hotspur F.C. is founded (as Hotspur F.C.) in London.
September 13
- Anglo-Egyptian War: British troops occupy Cairo, and Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
- Selwyn College, Cambridge, is founded after Queen Victoria grants a Charter of Incorporation.

File:Great Comet of 1882.jpg

Photograph of the comet as seen from Cape Town by David Gill

September 18 – Great Comet of 1882: Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape, David Gill, reports watching the comet rise a few minutes before the Sun, describing it as "The nucleus was then undoubtedly single, and certainly rather under than over 4″ in diameter; in fact, as I have described it, it resembled very much a star of the 1st magnitude seen by daylight."

October–December

October 5 – The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago (the modern-day Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by Felix Adler.
October 10 – The Bank of Japan opens in Tokyo City.
October 14 – The University of the Punjab at Lahore (Undivided India), is founded in modern-day Pakistan.
October 16 – The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad ("Nickel Plate Road") runs its first trains over the entire system between Buffalo, New York, and Chicago. Nine days later the Seney Syndicate sells the road to William Henry Vanderbilt, for US$7.2 million.
October 21 – Waseda University is founded by Shigenobu Ōkuma in Japan as Tokyo Specializing School.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
November 2 – The Great Fire of Oulu destroys 27 buildings in the downtown of Oulu, Finland.<ref>Kustaa Hautala: Oulun kaupungin historia IV (Kirjapaino Oy Kaleva, 1976, Oulu) Template:ISBN p. 319-323 (in Finnish)</ref>
November 14 – Franklyn Leslie shoots Billy Claiborne dead in the streets of Tombstone, Arizona.
November 16 – The British Royal Navy's Template:HMS destroys Abari village in Niger.
December – Zikhron Ya'akov is founded in northern Israel.
December 6 – A transit of Venus, the last until 2004, occurs.

Date unknown

The first International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
Zulu king Cetshwayo kaMpande returns to South Africa from England.
A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay.
Pogroms in Southern Russia end.
Nikola Tesla claims this is when he conceives the rotating magnetic field principle, which he later uses to invent his induction motor.
The British Chartered Institute of Patent Agents (the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys) is founded.
Redruth Mining School opens in Cornwall.
The Personal Liberty League is established to oppose the temperance movement in the United States.
Carolyn Merrick is elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the United States.
Founding of the following sports clubs:
- Albion Rovers F.C. (through the amalgamation of two Coatbridge clubs, Albion and Rovers) in the urban west of Scotland;
- Christchurch Rangers, the earliest predecessor of Queens Park Rangers F.C., in London;
- Glentoran F.C. in Belfast in the north of Ireland;
- Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club, the oldest lawn tennis club still on its original site, in the outer London suburbs;
- Waterloo F.C., a rugby union club, as Serpentine on Merseyside in the north of England.

Births

January

File:George Charles Beresford - Virginia Woolf in 1902 - Restoration.jpg

Virginia Woolf

File:FDR 1944 Color Portrait.jpg

Franklin D. Roosevelt

January 5 – Edwin Barclay, 18th president of Liberia (d. 1955)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 6
- Fan Noli, Albanian poet, political figure (d. 1965)
- Ferdinand Pecora, Sicilian-born American lawyer (d. 1971)
- Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961)
January 12 – Milton Sills, American actor (d. 1930)
January 17
- Arnold Rothstein, American gangster (d. 1928)
- Noah Beery, American actor (d. 1946)
January 18 – A. A. Milne, British author (d. 1956)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 20 – Johnny Torrio, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1957)
January 22 – Theodore Kosloff, Russian-born actor (d. 1956)
January 23 – Anna Abrikosova, Soviet Roman Catholic religious sister and servant of God (d. 1936)
January 25 – Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
January 28
- Mary Boland, American actress (d. 1965)
- Gengo Hyakutake, Japanese admiral (d. 1976)
- Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1915)
January 30 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
January 31 – Fritz Leiber, American stage, screen actor (d. 1949)

February

File:Louisstlaurent.jpg

Louis St. Laurent

File:Revolutionary Joyce Better Contrast.jpg

James Joyce

February 1
- Vladimir Dimitrov, Bulgarian artist (d. 1960)<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
- Louis St. Laurent, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973)
February 2
- Anne Bauchens, American film editor (d. 1967)
- James Joyce, Irish author (d. 1941)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
February 4 – E. J. Pratt, Canadian poet (d. 1964)
February 5 – Louis Wagner, French Grand Prix racer, aviator (d. 1960)
February 11
- Valli Valli, German-born British actress (d. 1927)
- Joe Jordan, American ragtime composer (d. 1971)
February 12 – Walter Nash, 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1968)
February 15 – John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
February 18 – Petre Dumitrescu, Romanian general (d. 1950)
February 20 – Alexander Carrick, Scottish sculptor (d. 1966)
February 22 – Eric Gill, English sculptor, writer (d. 1940)
February 24 – Bosman di Ravelli, South African concert pianist, composer, and writer (d. 1967)
February 26 – Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (d. 1968)
February 28
- Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (d. 1967)
- Herbert Silberer, Austrian psychoanalyst (d. 1923)

May 2 – James F. Byrnes, American politician, Secretary of State and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1972)
May 5
- Sylvia Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1960)
- Sir Douglas Mawson, Australian Antarctic explorer (d. 1958)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
May 6 – Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, heir-apparent of Emperor Wilhelm II (d. 1951)
May 9 – Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (d. 1967)
May 10 – Thurston Hall, American stage & screen actor (d. 1958)
May 13 – Georges Braque, French painter (d. 1963)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
May 16 – Mary Gordon, Scottish stage and screen actress (d. 1963)
May 20
- Sigrid Undset, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Fannie Salter, American lighthouse keeper (d. 1966)
May 25 – Marie Doro, American stage, silent film actress (d. 1956)
May 26 – Jess McMahon, American professional boxing, wrestling promoter (d. 1954)
May 28 – Avery Hopwood, American playwright (d. 1928)
May 30 – Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (d. 1915)

June

File:Karl Valentin by Eugen Rosenfeld (1870 - 1940).jpg

Karl Valentin

File:Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu.jpg

Ion Antonescu

File:Mossadeghmohammad.jpg

Mohammad Mosaddegh

File:Igor Stravinsky LOC 32392u.jpg

Igor Stravinsky

June 4 – Karl Valentin, German actor (d. 1948)
June 9 – Robert Kerr, Canadian sprinter (d. 1963)
June 10 – Nevile Henderson, British diplomat (d. 1942)
June 12 – Roi Cooper Megrue, American playwright (d. 1927)
June 15 – Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister, dictator (d. 1946)
June 16 – Mohammad Mosaddegh, Iranian politician, 35th Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1967)
June 17
- Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1918)
- Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (d. 1971)
June 18 – Georgi Dimitrov, 32nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1949)
June 21 – Lluís Companys, President of Catalonia (d. 1940)
June 28 – Valeska Suratt, American stage actress, silent film star (d. 1962)
June 29 – Ole Singstad, Norwegian-American civil engineer (d. 1969)

July

July 1 – Bidhan Chandra Roy, Indian physician and politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 1962)
July 8 – Percy Grainger, Australian composer (d. 1961)
July 10 – Ima Hogg, American society leader, philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts (d. 1975)
July 17 – James Somerville, British admiral (d. 1949)
July 22 – Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
July 25 – George S. Rentz, United States Navy Chaplain, Navy Cross winner (d. 1942)
July 27
- Donald Crisp, English actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1974)
- Geoffrey de Havilland, British aviation pioneer, aircraft company founder (d. 1965)
July 31
- Itamar Ben-Avi, first native speaker of Modern Hebrew (d. 1943)

August

August 11 – Rodolfo Graziani, Italian general (d. 1955)
August 14 – Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972)
August 16 – Christian Mortensen, Danish supercentenarian, oldest verified male ever at the time of his death (d. 1998)
August 19 – MacGillivray Milne, United States Navy Captain, 27th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1959)
August 22 – Raymonde de Laroche, French aviator, first woman to receive an aviatorTemplate:'s license (d. 1919)
August 25 – Seán T. O'Kelly, second President of Ireland (d. 1966)
August 26 – James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)

September

File:Hans geiger.jpg

Hans Geiger

September 1 – Nicholas H. Heck, American geophysicist, oceanographer, and surveyor (d. 1953)
September 8 – Sada Cowan, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 1943)
September 10 – Károly Huszár, 25th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1941)
September 11 – William T. Bovie, American biophysicist, inventor (d. 1958)
September 12 – Ion Agârbiceanu, Romanian writer, journalist, politician and priest (d. 1963)
September 13 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
September 16 – Robert Hichens, RMS Titanic quartermaster, man at the wheel when Titanic hit the iceberg (d. 1940)
September 22 – Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946)
September 29 – Lilias Armstrong, English phonetician (d. 1937)
September 30
- George Bancroft, American film actor (d. 1956)
- Hans Geiger, German physicist (d. 1945)