1886

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Events

January–March

January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885.
January 5–9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is published in New York and London.
January 16 – A resolution is passed in the German Parliament to condemn the Prussian deportations, the politically motivated mass expulsion of ethnic Poles and Jews from Prussia, initiated by Otto von Bismarck.
January 18 – Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.
January 29 – Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen (built in 1885).
February 6–9 – Seattle riot of 1886: Anti-Chinese sentiments result in riots in Seattle, Washington.
February 8 – The West End Riots following a popular meeting in Trafalgar Square, London.
February 14 – The first trainload of oranges leaves Los Angeles via the United States transcontinental railroad.
March 1 – The Anglo-Chinese School is founded by Bishop William Fitzjames Oldham at 70 Amoy Street, Singapore.
March 3 – The Treaty of Bucharest ends the Serbo-Bulgarian War in the Balkans.
March 16 – A law establishing the Kiel Canal is adopted in the German Empire.
March 17 – Carrollton Massacre: 20 African Americans are killed in Mississippi.
March 29 – Wilhelm Steinitz becomes the first recognized World Chess Champion.
March – Gottlieb Daimler assembles his first automobile, in Germany.

April–June

File:Coca-Cola bottle cap.svg

May 8: Coca-Cola invented.

April 4 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the First Irish Home Rule Bill in the Parliament of the United Kingdom; it is defeated on June 8.
April 6 – The settlement of Vancouver, British Columbia, is incorporated.
April 24 – Father Augustine Tolton, the first Roman Catholic priest from the United States to identify himself publicly as African American, is ordained in Rome.
April – The Swedish Dress Reform Society is established.
May 1 – A general strike begins in the United States, which escalates on May 4 into the Haymarket affair in Chicago, and eventually wins the eight-hour day for workers.
May 4 – Emile Berliner starts work that leads to the invention of the gramophone.
May 8 – American pharmacist Dr. John Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage that will be named 'Coca-Cola'.
May 15 – Portugal and France agree to regulate the borders of their colonies in Guinea.
May 17
- Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that corporations have the same rights as living persons.
- Motherwell Football Club is founded in Scotland.
May 29 – John Pemberton begins to advertise Coca-Cola (in The Atlanta Journal).
June 2 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom in the White House (Washington, D.C.), becoming the only President of the United States to wed in the executive mansion. She is 27 years his junior.
June 3 – Uganda Martyrs: Charles Lwanga, 12 other Catholic boys and men, and 9 Anglicans, are burned (and another Catholic speared) to death, at the orders of Kabaka Mwanga II of Buganda in Namugongo.

File:Lake Tarawera.jpg

June 10: Mount Tarawera erupts.

June 10 – The Mount Tarawera volcano erupts in New Zealand, resulting in the deaths of over 150 people and the destruction of the famous Pink and White Terraces.
June 12 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria is detained as part of a deposition, drowning the following day under mysterious circumstances. Six weeks later his unfinished Neuschwanstein Castle is opened to the public.
June 13
- The Great Vancouver Fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.
- A large log jam forms on the St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minnesota
June 25 – Arturo Toscanini makes his conducting debut, with an Italian opera company visiting Rio de Janeiro.
June 30 – The Royal Holloway College for women is opened by Queen Victoria, near London, England.

July–September

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November 30: Folies Bergère.

July 3 – Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen.
July 9 – American inventor Charles Martin Hall files a patent for his inexpensive method of refining aluminium (discovered on February 23); independently and near-simultaneously discovered in France by Paul Héroult it becomes known as the Hall–Héroult process.
July 23 – Steve Brodie is reported to have made a jump from the Brooklyn Bridge, a claim subsequently disputed.
July 25 – Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
August 13 – Nagasaki Incident: Chinese troops riot during shore leave in Nagasaki, Japan.
August 19 – The Christian Union (Church of God) is established in Monroe County, Tennessee
August 20 – A massive hurricane demolishes the town of Indianola, Texas.
August 31 – The 7.0 Template:M Charleston earthquake affects southeastern South Carolina, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme); 60 people are killed, and damage is estimated at $5–6 million.
September 1 – Grasshopper Club Zürich is founded as the first football club in the Swiss city of Zürich by English students.
September 4 – American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders, with his last band of warriors, to General Nelson Miles, at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.
September 9 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is signed.
September 21 – American physicist William Stanley Jr. patents the first practical alternating current transformer device, the induction coil.

October–December

October 7 – Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba.
October 24 – The British merchant vessel Normanton sinks off the coast of Japan, triggering the Normanton incident.
October 28 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland dedicates the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, in New York Harbor. The ensuing spontaneous celebration in New York City leads to the first ticker tape parade.
November – The extremely harsh winter of 1886–87 in the United States begins, killing tens of thousands of cattle on the Great Plains of North America.
November 1 – The biggest Buddhist boys' school in Sri Lanka, Ananda College, is founded in Colombo.
November 3 – In the British Raj, what will become one of the biggest boys' schools in Pakistan, Aitchison College, Lahore, is founded under the auspices of Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison.
November 11 – Heinrich Hertz verifies the existence of electromagnetic waves, at the University of Karlsruhe.
November 14 – German inventor Friedrich Soennecken first develops the hole puncher, a type of office tool capable of punching small holes in paper.
November 15 – The Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik (Workshop for Fine Mechanics and Electronics) is founded in Baden-Württemberg, Germany by Robert Bosch. The company will later become the home appliance and power tool brand, Robert Bosch GmbH.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
November 30 – The Folies Bergère stages its first revue in Paris.
December 11 – London Association football club Arsenal, founded as Dial Square by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, play their first match (on the Isle of Dogs). The club is renamed Royal Arsenal soon afterwards, supposedly on December 25.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
December 17 – English adventurer Thomas Stevens concludes the first circumnavigation by bicycle in Yokohama, having set out on his penny-farthing from San Francisco in 1884.

Date unknown

Addis Ababa is founded in the Ethiopian Empire.
The village of Skorenovac is founded in Serbia, mostly by Székely Hungarians.
Scotch whisky distiller William Grant & Sons is founded.
Yorkshire Tea is established in Harrogate, England.
Johnson & Johnson, which becomes a multinational brand, begins manufacturing healthcare products in New Jersey, United States.
Avon Products, a worldwide cosmetics and household brand is founded in New York City, United States.Template:Page needed
Food product and processing brand Del Monte Foods is founded in California, United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Emily Ruete publishes her landmark memoir, Memoirs of an Arabian Princess: An Autobiography.<ref name="WDL">Template:Cite book</ref>
Bedford Rugby Club is formed in England.

Births

January–February

File:Wilhelm Furtwängler.jpg

Wilhelm Furtwängler

File:Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo.jpg

Alfonso López Pumarejo

File:Oskar Kokoschka (1963) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg

Oskar Kokoschka

January 2 – Apsley Cherry-Garrard, English polar explorer with the Terra Nova expedition and author of The Worst Journey in the World
January 2 – Florence Lawrence, Canadian-born American actress (d. 1938)
January 2 – Elise Ottesen-Jensen, Norwegian-Swedish feminist (d. 1973)
January 5 – Markus Reiner, Israeli scientist (d. 1976)
January 7 – Amedeo Maiuri, Italian archaeologist (d. 1963)
January 11
- George Zucco, English–born American character actor (d. 1960)
- Chester Conklin, American actor (d. 1971)
January 13 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born American singer, comedian (d. 1966)
January 14 – Hugh Lofting, English-born American author (d. 1947)
January 17 – Joe Masseria, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1931)
January 25 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (d. 1954)
January 27 – Frank Nitti, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1943)
January 28 – Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976)
January 31 – Alfonso López Pumarejo, 14th and 16th President of Colombia (d. 1959)
February 2 – Frank Lloyd, English-born American film director, scriptwriter and producer (d. 1960)
February 4 – Edward Sheldon, American playwright (d. 1946)
February 7 – Yehezkel Abramsky, Russian-born British rabbi (d. 1976)
February 8 – Charlie Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970)
February 9 – Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (d. 1948)
February 12 – Margarita Fischer, American silent film actress (d. 1975)
February 17 – Aeneas Francon Williams, English missionary, Church of Scotland minister, writer and poet (d. 1971)
February 19 – José Abad Santos, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. 1942)
February 22 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian artist and poet (d. 1980)
February 27 – Hugo Black, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1971)

March–April

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Kazimierz Świtalski

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-E05367A, Johann von Daranyi.jpg

Kálmán Darányi

File:Margaret Woodrow Wilson 1912.jpg

Margaret Woodrow Wilson

March 2
- Willis H. O'Brien, American stop motion animator (d. 1962)
- Vittorio Pozzo, Italian football player and manager (d. 1968)
- Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg, German general (d. 1974)
March 4 – Kazimierz Świtalski, Polish diplomat, politician, soldier and military officer, 18th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1962)
March 6
- Saburō Kurusu, Japanese diplomat (d. 1954)
- Nella Walker, American actress, vaudevillian (d. 1971)
March 7 – Virginia Pearson, American silent film actress (d. 1958)
March 8 – Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
March 9 – Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (d. 1961)
March 11 – Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Polish politician, Marshal of Poland (d. 1941)
March 15 – Sergey Kirov, Soviet revolutionary (d. 1934)
March 18
- Edward Everett Horton, American actor (d. 1970)
- Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, German U-boat ace (d. 1941)
March 19 – Giuseppe Mario Bellanca, Italian-born American airplane designer, manufacturer (d. 1960)
March 20 – Grace Brown, American murder victim whose story became a famous court case (d. 1906)
March 22 – Kálmán Darányi, 31st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1939)
March 24 – Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958)
March 25 – Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (d. 1972)
March 27 – Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German architect (d. 1969)
April 4 – William R. Munroe, American admiral (d. 1966)
April 5 – Gustavo Jiménez, President of Peru (d. 1933)
April 14 – Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (d. 1956)
April 16
- Ernst Thälmann, German Communist leader (d. 1944)
- Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer; Presidential daughter (d. 1944)
April 26 – Ma Rainey, American singer (d. 1939)
April 30 – Dick Elliott, American actor (d. 1961)

May–June

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King Alfonso XIII of Spain

File:Al Jolson - publicity.JPG

Al Jolson

May 2 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (d. 1956)
May 3 – Marcel Dupré, French composer (d. 1971)
May 5 – Émile Eddé, 4th Prime Minister and 3rd President of Lebanon (d. 1949)
May 10
- Karl Barth, Swiss Protestant theologian (d. 1968)
- Felix Manalo, Filipino Executive Minister (Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan) of the Template:Lang (d. 1963)
- Olaf Stapledon, British author, philosopher (d. 1950)
May 17 – King Alfonso XIII of Spain (d. 1941)
May 18 – Ture Nerman, Swedish communist leader (d. 1969)
May 20 – John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, American-born British businessman (d. 1971)
May 26 – Al Jolson, American entertainer (d. 1950)
June 6 – William A. Glassford, American admiral (d. 1958)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
June 7 – Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (d. 1972)
June 9 – Kosaku Yamada, Japanese composer, conductor (d. 1965)
June 18 – George Mallory, English climber (d. 1924)
June 23 – Olaf M. Hustvedt, American admiral (d. 1978)
June 24 – Ion Gigurtu, 42nd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1959)
June 25 – Henry H. Arnold, American general, aviation pioneer (d. 1950)
June 28 – Hitoshi Imamura, Japanese general (d. 1968)
June 29 – Robert Schuman, German-French politician, a founding father of the European Union (d. 1963)

July–August

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Willem Drees

File:Walter Hermann Schottky (1886-1976).jpg

Walter H. Schottky

July 3
- Giovanni Battista Caproni, Italian aeronautical, civil, and electrical engineer, aircraft designer, and industrialist (d. 1957)
- Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral, ambassador (d. 1969)
July 5 – Willem Drees, Dutch politician and historian, 30th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1988)
July 6 – Lou Skuce, Canadian cartoonist (d. 1951)
July 12 – Jean Hersholt, Danish-born American actor (d. 1956)
July 15 – William Edmunds, Italian stage, screen character actor (d. 1981)
July 18 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (d. 1945)
July 23 – Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976)
July 24 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese writer (d. 1965)
July 25 – Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Swedish big-game hunter (d. 1946)
July 31 – Fred Quimby, American film producer (d. 1965)
August 2 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy, Canadian aviation pioneer, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1961)
August 6 – Inez Milholland, American suffragist, labor lawyer, World War I correspondent and public speaker (d. 1916)
August 12 – Campbell Tait, British admiral and Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1946)
August 20 – Paul Tillich, German-American Christian existentialist philosopher, theologian (d. 1965)
August 26 – Ceferino Namuncurá, Argentine Roman Catholic lay brother and blessed (d. 1905)
August 27
- Nicolette Bruining, Dutch theologian, humanitarian (d. 1963)
- Rebecca Clarke, English composer, violist (d. 1979)
- Eric Coates, English composer (d. 1957)
August 28 – Andrew Higgins, American boatbuilder, industrialist (d. 1952)