Paul Héroult

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Bust of Heroult in Thury-Harcourt

Paul (Louis-Toussaint) Héroult (10 April 1863 – 9 May 1914) was a French scientist. He was one of the inventors of the Hall-Héroult process for smelting aluminium, and developed the first successful commercial electric arc furnace.<ref name=AISESteel1998>Template:Cite web</ref> He lived in Thury-Harcourt, Normandy.

Life and career

Paul Héroult read Henri Sainte-Claire Deville's treatise on aluminium, when he was 15 years old. At that time, aluminium was as expensive as silver and was used mostly for luxury items and jewellery. Héroult wanted to make it cheaper. He succeeded in doing so when he discovered the electrolytic aluminium process in 1886.<ref>Héroult, Paul; French patent no. 175,711 (filed: 23 April 1886; issued: 1 September 1886).</ref> The same year, in the United States, Charles Martin Hall (1863–1914) was discovering the same process. Because of this, the process was called the Hall–Heroult process.

Héroult's second most important contribution is the first commercially successful electric arc furnace (EAF) for steel in 1900. The Héroult furnace gradually replaced the giant smelters for the production of a variety of steels.<ref name=AISESteel1998 /> In 1905, Paul Héroult was invited to the United States as a technical adviser to several companies, and in particular to the United States Steel Corporation and the Halcomb Steel Company. Halcomb installed the first Héroult furnace in the US.<ref name=AISESteel1998 />

The invention of the electric arc furnace probably began when Humphry Davy discovered the carbon arc in 1800. Then in 1878 Carl Wilhelm Siemens patented, constructed and operated both direct and indirect EAFs. Commercial use still needed to wait for larger supplies of electricity and better carbon electrodes.<ref name=AISESteel1998 />

Paul Héroult is renowned for other major inventions, among them a self-supporting conduit still used to bring water down from mountain heights and across rivers to hydraulic power plants, avoiding the need to build expensive bridges.

Christian Bickert said of him <ref>Christian Bickert, A representative in the U.S. for the company Pechiney, New Orleans, 1986</ref> Template:Blockquote

Héroult's death on 9 May 1914 followed his reaching the age of 51 by twenty-nine days.