Star Wars
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Pp-semi-indef Template:Pp-move Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox media franchise
Star Wars is an American epic space opera media franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the eponymous 1977 filmTemplate:Efn and quickly became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon. The franchise has been expanded into various films and other media, including television series, video games, novels, comic books, theme park attractions, and themed areas, comprising an all-encompassing fictional universe.Template:Efn Star Wars is one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.
The original 1977 film, retroactively subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope, was followed by the sequels Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983), forming the original Star Wars trilogy. Lucas later returned to the series to write and direct a prequel trilogy, consisting of Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999), Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002), and Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005). In 2012, Lucas sold his production company to Disney, relinquishing his ownership of the franchise. This led to a sequel trilogy, consisting of Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015), Episode VIII: The Last Jedi (2017), and Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker (2019).
All nine films, collectively referred to as the "Skywalker Saga", were nominated for Academy Awards, with Oscars going to the first three releases. Together with the theatrical live action "anthology" films Rogue One (2016) and Solo (2018), the combined box office revenue of the films equate to over Template:US$ billion, making Star Wars the third-highest-grossing film franchise in cinematic history.
Premise
[edit]The Star Wars franchise depicts the adventures of characters "a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away"<ref name="star wars 4">Template:Cite video</ref> across multiple fictional eras, in which humans and many species of aliens (often humanoid) co-exist with droids, which may be programmed for personal assistance or battle.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Space travel between planets is common due to lightspeed hyperspace technology.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The planets range from wealthy, planet-wide cities to deserts scarcely populated by primitive tribes. Virtually any Earth biome, along with many fictional ones, has its counterpart as a Star Wars planet which, in most cases, teem with sentient and non-sentient alien life.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The franchise also makes use of other astronomical objects such as asteroid fields and nebulae.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Spacecraft range from small starfighters to large capital ships, such as the Star Destroyers, as well as space stations such as the moon-sized Death Stars.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Telecommunication includes two-way audio and audiovisual screens, holographic projections, and hyperspace transmission.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The universe of Star Wars is generally similar to the real universe but its laws of physics are less strict allowing for more imaginative stories.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> One result of that is a mystical power known as the Force which is described in the original film as "an energy field created by all living things ... [that] binds the galaxy together".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The field is depicted as a kind of pantheistic god.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Through training and meditation, those whom "the Force is strong with" exhibit various superpowers (such as telekinesis, precognition, telepathy, and manipulation of physical energy);<ref name="star wars 5">Template:Cite video</ref> it is believed nothing is impossible for the Force.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> These superpowers are wielded by two major knightly orders at conflict with each other: the Jedi, peacekeepers of the Galactic Republic who act on the light side of the Force through non-attachment and arbitration, and the Sith, who use the dark side by manipulating anger, fear and aggression.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> While Jedi Knights can be numerous, the Dark Lords of the Sith (or 'Darths') are intended to be limited to two: a master and their apprentice.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The franchise is set against a backdrop of galactic conflict involving republics and empires, such as the evil Galactic Empire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Jedi and Sith prefer the use of a weapon called the lightsaber, a retractable blade of plasma that can cut through virtually any surface and deflect energy bolts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The rest of the population, as well as renegades and soldiers, use plasma-powered blaster firearms.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the outer reaches of the galaxy, crime syndicates such as the Hutt cartel are dominant.<ref name="Hutt clan">Template:Cite web</ref> Bounty hunters are often employed by both gangsters and governments, while illicit activities include smuggling and slavery.<ref name="Hutt clan"/>
The combination of science fiction and fantasy elements makes Star Wars a very universal franchise, capable of telling stories of various genres.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Films
[edit]The Skywalker Saga
[edit]
The Star Wars film series centers around three sets of trilogies, the nine films of which are collectively referred to as the "Skywalker Saga".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The saga was produced non-chronologically, beginning in medias res with the release of the original trilogy between 1977 and 1983. This was followed by the prequel trilogy, released between 1999 and 2005, and the sequel trilogy, released between 2015 and 2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Each trilogy focuses on a generation of the Force-sensitive Skywalker family and their struggle against the evil Sith lord Palpatine (Darth Sidious).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The original trilogy depicts the heroic development of Luke Skywalker as a Jedi and his fight against Palpatine's Galactic Empire alongside his sister, Leia.<ref>Template:Cite video</ref> The prequels tell the tragic backstory of their father, Anakin, who is seduced to the dark side by Palpatine and becomes Darth Vader.<ref>Template:Cite video</ref> The sequels follow the conflict between Leia's son, Ben Solo, and Luke and Leia's protegé, Rey, and their eventual alliance against Palpatine after the fall of the Empire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Original trilogy
[edit]Template:Multiple image In 1971, George Lucas wanted to film an adaptation of the Flash Gordon serial, but could not obtain the rights, so he began developing his own space opera.<ref name=Behind>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Efn After directing American Graffiti (1973), he wrote a two-page synopsis, which 20th Century Fox decided to invest in.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>Template:Sfn By 1974, he had expanded the story into the first draft of a screenplay.<ref name=starkiller>Template:Cite web</ref> Fox expected the film would be of limited financial success, and so it was given a relatively low budget, with production being moved to Elstree Studios in England to help save on cost.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977, and first subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope in the 1979 book The Art of Star Wars.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> The film's success led Lucas to make it the basis of an elaborate film serial.Template:Sfn With the backstory he created for the sequel, Lucas decided that the series would be a trilogy of trilogies.<ref name=PrevueLucas>Steranko, "George Lucas", Prevue #42, September–October 1980.</ref> Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back was released on May 21, 1980, also achieving wide financial and critical success. The final film in the trilogy, Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, was released on May 25, 1983.
Prequel trilogy
[edit]Template:Main Template:Multiple image According to producer Gary Kurtz, loose plans for a prequel trilogy were developed during the outlining of the original two films.<ref name=kurtz>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1980, Lucas confirmed that he had the nine-film series plotted,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> but due to the stress of producing the original trilogy, he had decided to cancel further sequels by 1981.Template:Sfn In 1983, Lucas explained that "There was never a script completed that had the entire story as it exists now ... As the stories unfolded, I would take certain ideas and save them ... I kept taking out all the good parts, and I just kept telling myself I would make other movies someday."<ref>Worrell, Denise. Icons: Intimate Portraits. p. 185.</ref>
Technical advances in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the ability to create computer-generated imagery (CGI), inspired Lucas to consider that it might be possible to revisit his saga. In 1989, Lucas stated that the prequels would be "unbelievably expensive".Template:Sfn In 1992, he acknowledged that he had plans to create the prequel trilogy.Template:Sfn A theatrical rerelease of the original trilogy in 1997 "updated" the 20-year-old films with the style of CGI envisioned for the new trilogy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Episode I: The Phantom Menace was released on May 19, 1999, Episode II: Attack of the Clones on May 16, 2002, and Episode III: Revenge of the Sith on May 19, 2005.<ref name="release dates">Template:Cite web</ref> The first two films were met with mixed reviews, with the third being received more positively. Together with the original trilogy, Lucas has referred to the first six episodic films of the franchise as "the tragedy of Darth Vader".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sequel trilogy
[edit]Template:Main Template:Multiple image
Prior to releasing the original 1977 film, and made possible by its success, Lucas planned "three trilogies of nine films".<ref name=PrevueLucas /><ref name=hamill>Template:Cite news</ref> However, he announced to Time in 1978 that he planned "10 sequels".<ref name=TimeMar78>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He confirmed that he had outlined the prequels and sequels in 1981.<ref name=Starlog50>Kerry O'Quinn. "The George Lucas Saga Chapter 3: 'The Revenge of the Box OfficeTemplate:'". Starlog #50, September 1981.</ref> At various stages of development, the sequel trilogy was to focus on the rebuilding of the Republic,<ref>Gerald Clarke. "The Empire Strikes Back!" Template:Webarchive. Time, May 19, 1980. Retrieved September 26, 2012.</ref> the return of Luke as a Jedi Master (a role similar to that of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original trilogy),<ref name=hamill /> Luke's sister (not yet determined to be Leia),<ref name=kurtz /> Han, Leia,<ref name=Starlog237>Template:Cite magazine</ref> R2-D2 and C-3PO.<ref name=PrevueLucas /><ref>Kerry O'Quinn. "The George Lucas Saga Chapter 1: 'A New ViewTemplate:'", Starlog #48, July 1981.</ref> However, after beginning work on the prequel trilogy, Lucas insisted that Star Wars was meant to be a six-part series and that there would be no sequel trilogy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lucas decided to leave the franchise in the hands of other filmmakers, announcing in January 2012 that he would make no more Star Wars films.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That October, the Walt Disney Company agreed to buy Lucasfilm and announced that Episode VII would be released in 2015.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The co-chairman of Lucasfilm, Kathleen Kennedy, became president and served as executive producer of new Star Wars feature films.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Lucas provided Kennedy his story treatments for the sequels during the 2012 sale,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but in 2015 it was revealed Lucas's sequel outline had been discarded.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The sequel trilogy also meant the end of the Star Wars Expanded Universe stories, which were discarded from canon to give "maximum creative freedom to the filmmakers and also preserve an element of surprise and discovery for the audience."<ref name="SW Legends" />
Episode VII: The Force Awakens was released on December 16, 2015, Episode VIII: The Last Jedi on December 13, 2017, and Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker on December 18, 2019, in many countries.Template:Efn The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi were both critical and box office successes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Episode IX received a mixed reception from critics and audiences.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Standalone films
[edit]| Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Screenplay by | Story by | Produced by | Template:Nowrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rogue One: A Star Wars Story | Template:Start date | Gareth Edwards | Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy | John Knoll and Gary Whitta | Kathleen Kennedy, Allison Shearmur and Simon Emanuel | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Solo: A Star Wars Story | Template:Start date | Ron Howard | Jonathan Kasdan & Lawrence Kasdan | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | ||
Several Star Wars films have been produced separately from the Skywalker Saga. In 2008, Lucasfilm released the animated film The Clone Wars, which is set during the prequel trilogy and serves as the theatrical pilot of the television series of the same name.<ref name="CWQA">Template:Cite web</ref> Following Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012, an "anthology" film series set between the main episodes of the Skywalker Saga entered development in parallel with the production of the sequel trilogy,<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref> described by Disney chief financial officer Jay Rasulo as origin stories.<ref name="Graser">Template:Cite news</ref> Template:Multiple image The first film released was 2016's Rogue One, which tells the story of the rebels who steal the plans for the Death Star, the Galactic Empire's superweapon, just before the events of the original Star Wars film.<ref name="Entertainment Weekly">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> A second film, 2018's Solo, tells Han Solo's backstory, set 10 years prior to A New Hope.<ref>Template:Cite video</ref> The series Obi-Wan Kenobi was originally planned as a film, but changed to a miniseries due to Solo underperforming at the box office.<ref name="Obi-Wan Solo">Template:Cite web</ref>
Upcoming films
[edit]| Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Screenplay by | Produced by | Status | Template:Nowrap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Mandalorian and Grogu | Template:Start date | Jon Favreau | Jon Favreau and Dave Filoni | Jon Favreau, Kathleen Kennedy, Dave Filoni and Ian Bryce | Post-production | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Mando&GroguReleaseDate">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Star Wars: Starfighter | Template:Start date | Shawn Levy | Jonathan Tropper | Kathleen Kennedy and Shawn Levy | Pre-production | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Untitled New Jedi Order film | style="text-align:left" rowspan="3" Template:N/A | Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy | George Nolfi | Kathleen Kennedy | <ref name="Future_Deadline" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| Untitled Dawn of the Jedi film | James Mangold | James Mangold and Beau Willimon<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | In development | <ref name="Future_Deadline">Template:Cite web</ref> | ||
| Untitled New Republic film | Dave Filoni | Kathleen Kennedy and Jon Favreau | <ref name="Future_Deadline" /> | |||
In April 2023, three new Star Wars films were announced to be set within different eras of the franchise.<ref name="SWCE 2023"/> An untitled film written and directed by James Mangold will be set during the "dawn of the Jedi".<ref name="SWCE 2023"/> Dave Filoni will direct a film set between the original and sequel trilogies during the New Republic era, serving as the climax of the various live-action television series that began with The Mandalorian in 2019.<ref name="SWCE 2023"/> Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy will direct a third film about a new Jedi Order, set fifteen years after the sequel trilogy.<ref name="Future_Deadline"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In January 2025, George Nolfi was hired to write the script.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In January 2024, it was announced that Jon Favreau would direct a new Star Wars film, titled The Mandalorian & Grogu.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In February of the same year, Bob Iger announced that the film would be the first release of the next slate of Star Wars movies.<ref name="Slate_SR">Template:Cite web</ref> The Mandalorian & Grogu is scheduled for release on May 22, 2026.<ref name="Mando&GroguReleaseDate"/>
In November 2022, Shawn Levy entered talks to direct a Star Wars film, following his work on Deadpool & Wolverine (2024) and the fifth and final season of Stranger Things.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In September 2023, Levy said that development on his Star Wars film began, but would not continue until after the conclusion of the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April 2025, Ryan Gosling was cast in the film, the title was officially revealed as Star Wars: Starfighter, and the film received the release date of May 28, 2027.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other potential projects
[edit]Lucasfilm has a number of Star Wars films in various stages of development, including:
- Untitled Rian Johnson trilogy: In November 2017, a trilogy of movies written by The Last Jedi writer/director Rian Johnson was announced to be in development.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In April 2023, Kennedy stated that trilogy of films is still in open development at the studio, with the writer/director working on the story, although it is not currently a priority.<ref name="variety.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Untitled David Benioff and D. B. Weiss trilogy: In February 2018, it was announced that David Benioff and D. B. Weiss would serve as writers and producers on a trilogy of new Star Wars movies.<ref name="BenioffWeiss_Deadline">Template:Cite web</ref> The plot would take place chronologically before the prequel trilogy, and center around the origin of the Jedi.<ref name="BenioffWeiss_Variety">Template:Cite web</ref> By May 2019, the duo were also slated to serve as co-directors of the first installment in their three films.<ref name="BenioffWeiss_Deadline2">Template:Cite web</ref> In October of the same year however, the filmmaking duo exited development of the projects due to scheduling conflicts with projects they are developing for Netflix. Kennedy stated that the studio is open to working with the duo, and developing their films once their schedule allows it.<ref name="BenioffWeiss_Deadline3">Template:Cite web</ref> In January 2024, the filmmaking duo announced that the working title was The First Jedi and would have followed the titular ancient protagonist. The pair cast doubt on returning to their planned trilogy, commenting on its apparent influence on James Mangold's similarly premised Dawn of the Jedi movie.<ref name="BenioffWeiss_THR">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Untitled Taika Waititi film: In May 2020, Taika Waititi signed onto the project which was stated to be the first priority for the studio, with the filmmaker Waititi serving as director from a script he is co-writing with Krysty Wilson-Cairns.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In May 2022, the movie was named as the next Star Wars film to begin production ahead of Rogue Squadron, with Kennedy stating that the studio was tentatively looking towards late 2023 for a debut, but had not yet officially set a release date.<ref name="vanityfair.com">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By April 2023, she stated that the project is still in development, with Waititi continuing to work on the script.<ref name="THRSept2022">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="variety.com"/> In April 2025, it was announced that Tony McNamara was hired to contribute to the script.<ref name="McNamara_SR">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rogue Squadron: An anthology film, following the events of Rogue One, will be directed by Patty Jenkins with a script written by Matthew Robinson.<ref name="PattyJenkins">Template:Cite web</ref> In April 2023, Kennedy stated that the script is still in development, with the studio considering changing the project into a television series.<ref name="RogueSquadron_CB.com">Template:Cite web</ref> In March 2024, Jenkins announced that she had once again commenced working on the script; confirming that developments for the project are ongoing.<ref name="RogueSquadron_THR">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Untitled J.D. Dillard film: In February 2020, a film was announced to be in development from director J. D. Dillard and writer Matt Owens;<ref name="vtyDillardFilm">Template:Cite web</ref> although, Dillard announced he was no longer to direct that film in November 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Star Wars: A Droid Story: In December 2020, an animated film centered around the adventures of R2-D2 and C-3PO was announced as being in development; the story will introduce a new heroic character to the franchise, alongside the two returning droids. The project will be a joint-venture production between Lucasfilm Animation, and Industrial Light & Magic. The film is being developed to debut via streaming, exclusively through Disney+.<ref name="A Droid Story">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="A Droid Story_SW">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="A Droid Story_SR">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Lando: In December 2020, a spin-off series to Solo: A Star Wars Story was announced as being in development. The miniseries which was being developed exclusively for Disney+ was revealed to be centered around Landonis "Lando" Calrissian III, titled Lando. Donald Glover was confirmed at that time to be reprising the lead role, while Justin Simien was named as the series creator and showrunner. By July 2020 however, Donald and Stephen Glover were hired to replace Simien, write and redevelop the show.<ref name="Lando_Variety">Template:Cite web</ref> In September 2023, the show was repurposed to be released as a theatrical film instead.<ref name="Lando_Deadline">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Untitled Simon Kinberg trilogy: In November 2024, Simon Kinberg was hired to write and produce the new trilogy of Star Wars movies.<ref name="l236">Template:Cite web</ref> The series of movies was reported to be Episode X–XII,<ref name="Episode10-12">Template:Cite web</ref> though this was also disputed by other sources.<ref name="Episodes10-12_THR">Template:Cite web</ref>
Television
[edit]Animated series
[edit]The first two animated series, Droids and Ewoks, were produced in the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They were followed by the Clone Wars animated micro-series in 2003 and the 2008 series of the same name. Following Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm, all animated series released prior to 2014, apart from the 2008 series, were discarded from the franchise's canon.<ref name="SW Legends" /> Subsequent animated series include Rebels, released in 2014; Resistance, released in 2018; and The Bad Batch, released in 2021.
Several micro-series and shorts have also been released by Lucasfilm since Disney's acquisition, with the earlier animated series falling under Disney's "Vintage" collection of Star Wars content.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
At Star Wars Celebration Japan in April 2025, a new animated series titled Star Wars: Maul - Shadow Lord was announced with a premiere expected in 2026. The series will cover the period following the Clone Wars where Maul tries to rebuild his defunct Shadow Collective criminal syndicate into what will eventually become Crimson Dawn on a planet unknown to the Empire.<ref name="MaulShadowLord">Template:Cite web</ref> Sam Witwer will return to voice Maul.<ref name="MaulShadowLord" />
Live-action series
[edit]The Star Wars franchise includes several live-action series. The first series, The Mandalorian, was released in 2019 for the streaming service Disney+ and is set between the original and sequel trilogies of the Skywalker Saga.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Due to its success, the series spawned multiple live-action spin-offs set during the same fictional era, including The Book of Boba Fett, released in 2021; Ahsoka, released in 2023; and Skeleton Crew, released in 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> These series follow the plight of the New Republic and its allies against the remnants of the fallen Galactic Empire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
A story focused on Obi-Wan Kenobi was planned as a film before becoming a live-action series after the box office failure of Solo in 2018.<ref name="Obi-Wan Solo" /> The series was released on Disney+ in 2022 and is set between the prequel and original trilogy films.<ref name="Obi Wan CNET">Template:Cite web</ref> It was followed by the live-action series Andor in the same year; both series follow their titular characters during the reign of the Empire.<ref name="Obi Wan CNET" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Acolyte is a series created by Leslye Headland set at the end of the High Republic era before the events of the Skywalker Saga, and follows an investigation into a series of murders of Jedi Masters.
Films and specials
[edit]| Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Teleplay by | Story by | Produced by | Network |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Star Wars Holiday Special | Template:Start date | Steve Binder | Pat Proft, Leonard Ripps, Bruce Vilanch, Rod Warren, and Mitzie Welch | Joe Layton, Jeff Starsh, Ken Welch, and Mitzie Welch | CBS | |
| The Ewok Adventure | Template:Start date | John Korty | Bob Carrau | George Lucas | Thomas G. Smith and Patricia Rose Duignan | ABC |
| Ewoks: The Battle for Endor | Template:Start date | Jim Wheat and Ken Wheat | Thomas G. Smith and Ian Bryce | |||
Fictional timeline
[edit]Template:Timeline of Star Wars franchise The Star Wars canon fictional universe spans multiple eras, of which three are focused around each of the film trilogies.<ref name="StarWars.comEras">Template:Cite web</ref> The following eras were defined in January 2021,<ref name="Jan2021Timeline">Template:Cite web</ref> and further refined and expanded in April 2023:<ref name="Apr2023Timeline">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dawn of the Jedi: The first Jedi wields the Force, which will be depicted in an upcoming untitled film.<ref name="SWCE 2023">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- The Old Republic: The Galactic Republic is founded and the Jedi Order emerges to protect it. A schism within the Jedi leads to the creation of the Sith.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- The High Republic: Under the protection of the Jedi, the Republic grows into a golden age. This era includes The Acolyte, The High Republic literary works and the animated series Young Jedi Adventures.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- Fall of the Jedi: The Republic's Supreme Chancellor, Palpatine (secretly the Sith lord Darth Sidious), orchestrates the Clone Wars, overthrows the Republic, exterminates the Jedi Order and corrupts Anakin Skywalker.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" /><ref name="Space.com: Star Wars timeline">Template:Cite web</ref> This era includes the prequel trilogy films, the beginning of the episodic Skywalker Saga, and the animated series Tales of the Jedi and The Clone Wars.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- Reign of the Empire: Palpatine's Galactic Empire rules the galaxy and the remaining Jedi are hunted down.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" /> This era includes Solo: A Star Wars Story, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Andor, Rogue One, the animated series The Bad Batch and Rebels, and the video games Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, Star Wars Jedi: Survivor and Vader Immortal.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- Age of Rebellion: The Rebellion against the Empire spreads across the galaxy, while the Jedi return with the emergence of Luke Skywalker.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" /><ref>Template:Cite video</ref> This era includes the original trilogy filmsTemplate:Efn and the video games Star Wars Battlefront II and Star Wars: Squadrons.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- The New Republic: Following the Empire's defeat, the emergent New Republic attempts to reunite the galaxy, while threatened by the remnants of the Empire.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" /> This era includes The Mandalorian, The Book of Boba Fett, Ahsoka, and Skeleton Crew.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- Rise of the First Order: The remnants of the Empire transform into the First Order but are fought by the Resistance, climaxing with the defeat of Palpatine and the Sith by the Jedi Rey.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" /><ref name="Space.com: Star Wars timeline"/> This era includes the sequel trilogy films, the animated series Star Wars Resistance and the video game Star Wars: Tales from the Galaxy's Edge.<ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
- New Jedi Order: Rey builds a new Jedi Order, which will be depicted in an upcoming untitled film.<ref name="SWCE 2023"/><ref name="StarWars.comEras" />
The Expanded Universe of spin-off media depicts different levels of continuity, which were deemed non-canonical and rebranded as Legends on April 25, 2014, to make most subsequent works align to the episodic films, The Clone Wars film, and television series.<ref name="SW Legends" />
Other media
[edit]Template:Main From 1976 to 2014, the term Expanded Universe (EU) was an umbrella term for all officially licensed Star Wars storytelling material set outside the events depicted within the theatrical films, including novels, comics, and video games.<ref name="KurtzBourdaa2016">Template:Cite book</ref> Lucasfilm maintained internal continuity between the films and television content and the EU material until April 25, 2014, when the company announced all of the EU works would cease production. Existing works would no longer be considered canon to the franchise and subsequent reprints would be rebranded under the Star Wars Legends label,<ref name="KurtzBourdaa2016" /> with downloadable content for the massively multiplayer online game The Old Republic the only Legends material to still be produced. The Star Wars canon was subsequently restructured to only include the existing six feature films, the animated film The Clone Wars (2008), and its companion animated series. All future projects and creative developments across all types of media would be overseen and coordinated by the story group, announced as a division of Lucasfilm created to maintain continuity and a cohesive vision on the storytelling of the franchise.<ref name="SW Legends">Template:Cite web</ref> Multiple comics series from Marvel and novels published by Del Rey were produced after the announcement. Since the new canon has been introduced, there has been a multitude of pieces of Expanded Universe continuity that have become a part of canon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Print media
[edit]Star Wars in print predates the release of the first film, with the November 1976 novelization of Star Wars, initially subtitled "From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker". Credited to Lucas, it was ghostwritten by Alan Dean Foster.<ref name="Tor SW1">Template:Cite web</ref> The first "Expanded Universe" story appeared in Marvel Comics' Star Wars #7 in January 1978 (the first six issues being an adaptation of the film), followed by Foster's sequel novel Splinter of the Mind's Eye the following month.
Novels
[edit]
After penning the novelization of the original film, Foster followed it with the sequel Splinter of the Mind's Eye (1978). The novelizations of The Empire Strikes Back (1980) by Donald F. Glut and Return of the Jedi (1983) by James Kahn followed, as well as The Han Solo Adventures trilogy (1979–1980) by Brian Daley,<ref name="CG Han">Template:Cite web</ref> and The Adventures of Lando Calrissian trilogy (1983) by L. Neil Smith.<ref name="CG Lando">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Dark Times">Template:Cite web</ref>
Timothy Zahn's bestselling Thrawn trilogy (1991–1993) reignited interest in the franchise and introduced the popular characters Grand Admiral Thrawn, Mara Jade, Talon Karrde, and Gilad Pellaeon.<ref name="SW Heir">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="EW 2012">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="SW Outbound">Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Sfn The first novel, Heir to the Empire, reached #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list,<ref name="NYT Heir">Template:Cite web</ref> and the series finds Luke, Leia, and Han facing off against tactical genius Thrawn, who is plotting to retake the galaxy for the Empire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In The Courtship of Princess Leia (1994) by Dave Wolverton, set immediately before the Thrawn trilogy, Leia considers an advantageous political marriage to Prince Isolder of the planet Hapes, but she and Han ultimately marry.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Steve Perry's Shadows of the Empire (1996), set between The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, was part of a multimedia campaign that included a comic book series and video game.<ref name="Verge">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Shadows">Template:Cite web</ref> The novel introduced the crime lord Prince Xizor, another popular character who would appear in multiple other works.<ref name="Verge" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Other notable series from Bantam include the Jedi Academy trilogy (1994) by Kevin J. Anderson,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CONDFW 2014">Template:Cite web</ref> the 14-book Young Jedi Knights series (1995–1998) by Anderson and Rebecca Moesta,<ref name="CONDFW 2014" /><ref name="Beast">Template:Cite news</ref> and the X-wing series (1996–2012) by Michael A. Stackpole and Aaron Allston.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Del Rey took over Star Wars book publishing in 1999, releasing what would become a 19-installment novel series called The New Jedi Order (1999–2003). Written by multiple authors, the series was set 25 to 30 years after the original films and introduced the Yuuzhan Vong, a powerful alien race attempting to invade and conquer the entire galaxy.<ref name="HP">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="USA Today">Template:Cite web</ref> The bestselling multi-author series Legacy of the Force (2006–2008) chronicles the crossover of Han and Leia's son Jacen Solo to the dark side of the Force; among his evil deeds, he kills Luke's wife Mara Jade as a sacrifice to join the Sith. Although no longer canon, the story is paralleled in The Force Awakens with Han and Leia's son Ben Solo, who becomes the evil Kylo Ren.<ref name="THR Jacen">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Slate Jacen">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ScreenRant Jacen">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="DenofGeek Jacen">Template:Cite web</ref>
Three series set in the prequel era were published by Scholastic for younger audiences: the 18-book Jedi Apprentice (1999–2002) chronicles the adventures of Obi-Wan Kenobi and his master Qui-Gon Jinn in the years before The Phantom Menace; the 11-book Jedi Quest (2001–2004) follows Obi-Wan and his own apprentice, Anakin Skywalker in between The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones; and the 10-book The Last of the Jedi (2005–2008), set almost immediately after Revenge of the Sith, features Obi-Wan and the last few surviving Jedi. In 2019, a new prequel era novel, starring Qui-Gon and the young Obi-Wan, was published by Del Rey under the title Star Wars: Master and Apprentice.<ref>"Queen's Shadow Revealed and More from the Lucasfilm Publishing Panel at SDCC 2018" Template:Webarchive.</ref>
Although Thrawn had been designated a Legends character in 2014, he was reintroduced into the canon in 2016 for the third season of the Rebels animated series, with Zahn returning to write more novels based on the character and set in the new canon.<ref name="UT Rebels">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="SW GAT">Template:Cite web</ref>
Comics
[edit]Template:Main Marvel Comics published a Star Wars comic book series from 1977 to 1986.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="GCDB">Template:Gcdb issue</ref><ref name="CR142">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Original Star Wars comics were serialized in the Marvel magazine Pizzazz between 1977 and 1979. The 1977 installments were the first original Star Wars stories not directly adapted from the films to appear in print form, as they preceded those of the Star Wars comic series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 1985 to 1987, the animated children's series Ewoks and Droids inspired comic series from Marvel's Star Comics line.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> According to Marvel Comics former Editor-In-Chief Jim Shooter, the strong sales of Star Wars comics saved Marvel financially in 1977 and 1978.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Marvel's Star Wars series was one of the industry's top selling titles in 1979 and 1980.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The only downside for Marvel was that the 100,000 copy sales quota was surpassed quickly, allowing Lippincott to renegotiate the royalty arrangements from a position of strength.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In the late 1980s, Marvel dropped a new Star Wars comic it had in development, which was picked up by Dark Horse Comics and published as the popular Dark Empire series (1991–1995).<ref name="Dark Horse">Template:Cite web</ref> Dark Horse subsequently launched dozens of series set after the original film trilogy, including Tales of the Jedi (1993–1998), X-wing Rogue Squadron (1995–1998), Star Wars: Republic (1998–2006), Star Wars Tales (1999–2005), Star Wars: Empire (2002–2006), and Knights of the Old Republic (2006–2010).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
After Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm, it was announced in January 2014 that in 2015 the Star Wars comics license would return to Marvel Comics,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> whose parent company, Marvel Entertainment, Disney had purchased in 2009.<ref name="Disney">Template:Cite news</ref> Launched in 2015, the first three publications were titled Star Wars, Darth Vader, and the miniseries Princess Leia.<ref name="SDCC 2014">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
First announced as Project Luminous at Star Wars Celebration in April 2019, the Star Wars: The High Republic publishing initiative was revealed in a press conference in February 2020. Involving the majority of the then current officially licensed publishers, a new era set 200 years before the Skywalker Saga was explored in various books and comics. Including ongoing titles by Marvel and IDW Publishing, written by Cavan Scott and Daniel José Older respectively.<ref name="StarWarsHighRepublic">Template:Cite web</ref>
Marvel Comics will publish a one-shot comic book on September 4, 2024, that bridges the gap between the High Republic publishing initiative and the events of The Acolyte. Titled Star Wars: The Acolyte – Kelnacca, the one-shot was written by High Republic writer Cavan Scott with art by Marika Cresta. It focuses on Kelnacca, the Wookiee Jedi introduced in The Acolyte.<ref name="KelnaccaComic">Template:Cite web</ref>
Audio
[edit]Soundtracks and singles
[edit]Template:Further John Williams composed the soundtracks for the nine episodic films. He stated he would retire from the franchise with The Rise of Skywalker,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but he composed a theme for Obi-Wan Kenobi for the miniseries and Han Solo's theme for Solo: A Star Wars Story.<ref name=SoloScore>Template:Cite web</ref> Williams also created the main theme for Galaxy's Edge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Several other composers worked on other soundtracks, including John Powell (Obi-Wan Kenobi), Michael Giacchino (Rogue One),<ref name=SoloScore /> and Ludwig Göransson (The Mandalorian).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Audio novels
[edit]Template:Further The first Star Wars audio work is The Story of Star Wars, an LP using audio samples from the original film and a new narration to retell the story, released in 1977. Most later printed novels were adapted into audio novels, usually released on cassette tape and re-released on CD. As of 2019, audio-only novels have been released not directly based on printed media.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Radio
[edit]Template:Further Radio adaptations of the films were also produced. Lucas, a fan of the NPR-affiliated campus radio station of his alma mater the University of Southern California, licensed the Star Wars radio rights to KUSC-FM for Template:US$. The production used John Williams's original film score, along with Ben Burtt's sound effects.<ref name="Encyc Radio" /><ref name="SW Collect" />
The first was written by science-fiction author Brian Daley and directed by John Madden. It was broadcast on National Public Radio in 1981, adapting the original 1977 film into 13 episodes.<ref name="All Things">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Encyc Radio">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="SW Collect">Template:Cite web</ref> Mark Hamill and Anthony Daniels reprised their film roles.<ref name="All Things" /><ref name="Encyc Radio" />
The overwhelming success, led to a 10-episode adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back debuted in 1983.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Billy Dee Williams joined the other two stars, reprising his role as Lando Calrissian.<ref name="Encyc Radio"/>
In 1983, Buena Vista Records released an original, 30-minute Star Wars audio drama titled Rebel Mission to Ord Mantell, written by Daley.<ref name="SW Collect" /><ref name="Tor audio" /> In the 1990s, Time Warner Audio Publishing adapted several Star Wars series from Dark Horse Comics into audio dramas: the three-part Dark Empire saga, Tales of the Jedi, Dark Lords of the Sith, the Dark Forces trilogy, and Crimson Empire (1998).<ref name="Tor audio" /> Return of the Jedi was adapted into 6-episodes in 1996, featuring Daniels.<ref name="Encyc Radio" /><ref name="Tor audio">Template:Cite web</ref>
Video games
[edit]Template:Further The Star Wars franchise has spawned over one hundred<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> computer, video, and board games, dating back to some of the earliest home consoles. Some are based directly on the movie material, while others rely heavily on the non-canonical Expanded Universe (rebranded as Star Wars Legends and removed from the canon in 2014). Star Wars games have gone through three significant development eras, marked by a change in leadership among the developers: the early licensed games, those developed after the creation of LucasArts, and those created after the closure of the Lucasfilm division by Disney and the transfer of the license to Electronic Arts.
Early licensed games (1979–1993)
[edit]The first officially licensed electronic Star Wars game was Kenner's 1979 table-top Star Wars Electronic Battle Command.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1982, Parker Brothers published the first Star Wars video game for the Atari 2600, Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> followed soon the year later by Star Wars: Jedi Arena, the first video game to depict lightsaber combat. They were followed in 1983 by Atari's rail shooter arcade game Star Wars, with vector graphics to replicate the Death Star trench run scene from the 1977 film.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The next game, Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1984), has more traditional raster graphics,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> while the following Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1985) has vector graphics.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Platform games were made for the Nintendo Entertainment System, including the Japan-exclusive Star Wars (1987), an international Star Wars (1991), and Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992). Super Star Wars (1992) was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, with two sequels over the next two years.
LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)
[edit]Template:Main Lucasfilm founded its own video game company in 1982, becoming best known for adventure games and World War II flight combat games, but as George Lucas took more interest in the increasing success of the video game market, he wanted to have more creative control over the games and founded his own development company, LucasArts. Improved graphics allowed games to tell complex narratives, which allowed for the retelling of the films, and eventually original narratives set in the same continuity, with voice-overs and CGI cutscenes. In 1993, LucasArts released Star Wars: X-Wing, the first self-published Star Wars video game and the first space flight simulator based on the franchise.<ref name="LA History 2">Template:Cite web</ref> It was one of the bestselling video games of 1993 and established its own series of games.<ref name="LA History 2" /> The Rogue Squadron series was released between 1998 and 2003, also focusing on space battles set during the films.
Dark Forces (1995), a hybrid adventure game incorporating puzzles and strategy,<ref name=PCG>Template:Cite magazine</ref> was the first Star Wars first-person shooter.<ref name="Toms DF">Template:Cite web</ref> It featured gameplay and graphical features not then common in other games, made possible by LucasArts' custom-designed game engine, the Jedi.<ref name="Toms DF" /><ref name=PCG /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Byte>Template:Cite web</ref> The game was well received,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=GRDOS>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=GspotDOS>Template:Cite web</ref> and it was followed by four sequels.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The series introduced Kyle Katarn, who would appear in multiple games, novels, and comics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Katarn is a former stormtrooper who joins the Rebellion and becomes a Jedi,<ref name="Toms DF" /><ref name=MG>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="SW Kyle">Template:Cite web</ref> a plot arc similar to that of Finn in the sequel trilogy films.<ref name="THR Jacen" /> A massively multiplayer online role-playing game, Star Wars Galaxies, was in operation from 2003 until 2011. After Disney bought Lucasfilm, LucasArts ceased its role as a developer in 2013, although it still operates as a licensor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
EA Star Wars (2014–present)
[edit]Following its acquisition of the franchise, Disney reassigned video game rights to Electronic Arts. Games made during this era are considered canonical, and feature more influence from the Star Wars filmmakers. Disney partnered with Lenovo to create the augmented reality video game Jedi Challenges, released in November 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In August 2018, it was announced that Zynga would publish free-to-play Star Wars mobile games.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Battlefront games received a canonical reboot with Star Wars: Battlefront in November 2015, which was followed by a sequel, Battlefront II, in November 2017. A single-player action-adventure game, Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, with an original story and cast of characters, was released in November 2019. A space combat game titled Star Wars: Squadrons, which builds upon the space battles from Battlefront, was released in October 2020.
Theme park attractions
[edit]In addition to the Disneyland ride Star Tours (1987) and its successor, Star Tours: The Adventures Continue (2011), many live attractions have been held at Disney parks, including the traveling exhibition Where Science Meets Imagination, the Space Mountain spin-off Hyperspace Mountain, a walkthrough Launch Bay, and the night-time A Galactic Spectacular. An immersive themed area called Galaxy's Edge (2019) opened at Disneyland and opened at Walt Disney World in mid-2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A themed hotel, Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser, operated from 2022 to 2023 at Walt Disney World. Template:More citations needed section {{#section:List of Star Wars theme parks attractions|Attractions}}
Multimedia projects
[edit]A multimedia project involves works released across multiple types of media. Shadows of the Empire (1996) was a multimedia project set between The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi that included a novel by Steve Perry, a comic book series, a video game, and action figures.<ref name="Verge" /><ref name="Shadows" /> The Force Unleashed (2008–2010) was a similar project set between Revenge of the Sith and A New Hope that included a novel, a 2008 video game and its 2010 sequel, a graphic novel, a role-playing game supplement, and toys.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Merchandising
[edit]
The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world. While filming the original 1977 film, George Lucas decided to take a $500,000 pay cut to his salary as director in exchange for full ownership of the franchise's merchandising rights. By 1987, the first three films have made Template:US$Template:Nbspbillion in merchandising revenue.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By 2012, the first six films produced approximately Template:US$Template:Nbspbillion in merchandising revenue.<ref name="merch">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Kenner Products made the first Star Wars action figures to coincide with the release of the original film, and today the original figures are highly valuable. Since the 1990s, Hasbro holds the rights to create action figures based on the saga. Pez dispensers began to be produced in 1997.<ref>Nina Chertoff and Susan Kahn, "Star Wars" Template:Webarchive, Celebrating Pez (Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2006), 87.</ref> Star Wars was the first intellectual property to be licensed in Lego history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Lego has produced animated parody short films and mini-series to promote their Star Wars sets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Lego Star Wars video games are critically acclaimed bestsellers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In 1977, the board game Star Wars: Escape from the Death Star was released.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>Template:Efn A Star Wars Monopoly and themed versions of Trivial Pursuit and Battleship were released in 1997, with updated versions released in subsequent years. The board game Risk has been adapted in two editions by Hasbro: The Clone Wars Edition (2005)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the Original Trilogy Edition (2006).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Three Star Wars tabletop role-playing games have been developed: a version by West End Games in the 1980s and 1990s, one by Wizards of the Coast in the 2000s, and one by Fantasy Flight Games in the 2010s.
Star Wars Trading Cards have been published since the first "blue" series, by Topps, in 1977.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Dozens of series have been produced, with Topps being the licensed creator in the United States. Each card series are of film stills or original art. Many of the cards have become highly collectible with some very rare "promos", such as the 1993 Galaxy Series II "floating Yoda" P3 card often commanding US$1,000 or more. While most "base" or "common card" sets are plentiful, many "insert" or "chase cards" are very rare.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 1995 until 2001, Decipher, Inc. had the license for, created, and produced the Star Wars Customizable Card Game.
Themes
[edit]Template:See also Star Wars features elements such as knighthood, chivalry, and Jungian archetypes such as "the shadow".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There are also many references to Christianity, such as in the appearance of Darth Maul, whose design draws heavily from traditional depictions of the devil.<ref name="myth">Template:Cite news</ref> Anakin was conceived of a virgin birth, and is assumed to be the "Chosen One", a messianic individual. However, unlike Jesus, Anakin falls from grace, remaining evil as Darth Vader until Return of the Jedi. According to Adam Driver, sequel trilogy villain Kylo Ren, who idolizes Vader, believes he is "doing what he thinks is right".<ref name=stuff>Template:Cite web</ref> George Lucas has said that the theme of the saga is redemption.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
The saga draws heavily from the hero's journey, an archetypical template developed by comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell.<ref name="myth" /> Each character—primarily Anakin, Luke, and Rey—follows the steps of the cycle or undergoes its reversal, becoming the villain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A defining step of the journey is "Atonement with the Father".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Obi-Wan's loss of a father figure could have impacted his relationship with Anakin,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> whom both Obi-Wan and Palpatine are fatherlike mentors to.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Luke's discovery that Vader is his father has strong repercussions on the saga and is regarded as one of the most influential plot twists in cinema.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Supreme Leader Snoke encourages Kylo Ren to kill his father, Han Solo.<ref name=stuff /> Kylo uses the fact that Rey is an orphan to tempt her into joining the dark side.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> According to Inverse, the final scene in The Last Jedi, which depicts servant children playing with a toy of Luke and one boy using the Force, symbolizes that "the Force can be found in people with humble beginnings."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Historical influences
[edit]Political science has been an important element of Star Wars since the franchise launched in 1977, focusing on a struggle between democracy and dictatorship. Battles featuring the Ewoks and Gungans against the Empire and Trade Federation, respectively, represent the clash between a primitive society and a more advanced one, similar to the Vietnam-American War.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref><ref>Lucas, George (2004). "Making-of" documentary on the Return of the Jedi DVD release.</ref> Darth Vader's design was initially inspired by Samurai armor, and also incorporated a German military helmet.<ref name=wpo>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Originally, Lucas conceived of the Sith as a group that served the Emperor in the same way the Schutzstaffel (SS) served Adolf Hitler, but this was condensed into one character in the form of Vader.Template:Sfn Stormtroopers borrow the name of World War I German "shock" troopers. Imperial officers wear uniforms resembling those of German forces during World War II,<ref name=ss>Template:Cite book</ref> and political and security officers resemble the black-clad SS down to the stylized silver death's head on their caps. World War II terms were used for names in the films; e.g. the planets Kessel (a term that refers to a group of encircled forces) and Hoth (after a German general who served on the snow-laden Eastern Front).<ref name="christopherklein">Template:Cite web</ref> Shots of the commanders looking through AT-AT walker viewscreens in The Empire Strikes Back resemble tank interiors,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and space battles in the original film were based on World War I and World War II dogfights.<ref name="EmpireOfDreams">Template:Cite video</ref>
Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Hitler's role before appointing himself Führer.<ref name=ss /> Lucas has also drawn parallels to historical dictators such as Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, and politicians like Richard Nixon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Efn The Great Jedi Purge mirrors the events of the Night of the Long Knives.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The corruption of the Galactic Republic is modeled after the fall of the democratic Roman Republic and the formation of an empire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On the inspiration for the First Order formed "from the ashes of the Empire", The Force Awakens director J. J. Abrams spoke of conversations the writers had about how the Nazis could have escaped to Argentina after WWII and "started working together again."<ref name="empire">Template:Cite web</ref>
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The aerial warfare of WWII inspired the space fights.
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The flag and iconography of the Empire resembles those of the Nazi Party and Germany during its rule.
Cultural impact
[edit]Template:Main Template:Multiple image The Star Wars saga has had a significant impact on popular culture,<ref name="Danesi2012">Template:Cite book</ref> with references to its fictional universe deeply embedded in everyday life.<ref name=Brooker>Template:Cite book</ref> Phrases like "evil empire" and "May the Force be with you" have become part of the popular lexicon.<ref name=Chicago>Template:Cite web</ref> The first Star Wars film in 1977 was a cultural unifier,<ref name=msn>Template:Cite web</ref> enjoyed by a wide spectrum of people.<ref name="pbs">Template:Cite web</ref> The film can be said to have helped launch the science-fiction boom of the late 1970s and early 1980s, making science-fiction films a mainstream genre.<ref name="BookerThomas2009">Template:Cite book</ref> The widespread impact made it a prime target for parody works and homages, with popular examples including Hardware Wars, Spaceballs, The Family Guy Trilogy and Robot Chicken: Star Wars.
In 1989, the Library of Congress selected the original Star Wars film for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry, as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."<ref name=NFR-Titles>Template:Cite web</ref> The Empire Strikes Back was selected in 2010,<ref name=congress>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=hollreporter>Template:Cite news</ref> and Return of the Jedi was selected in 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 35 mm reels of the 1997 Special Editions were the versions initially presented for preservation because of the difficulty of transferring from the original prints,<ref name=Andrews-NFR>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Save-SW-NFR>Template:Cite web</ref> but it was later revealed that the Library possesses a copyright deposit print of the original theatrical releases.<ref name="mashable.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
Industry
[edit]The original Star Wars film was a huge success for 20th Century Fox, and was credited for reinvigorating the company. Within three weeks of the film's release, the studio's stock price doubled to a record high. Prior to 1977, 20th Century Fox's greatest annual profits were $37 million, while in 1977, the company broke that record by posting a profit of $79 million.<ref name="EmpireOfDreams" /> The franchise helped Fox to change from an almost bankrupt production company to a thriving media conglomerate.<ref name=Cook>Template:Cite book</ref> With over $10.3 billion in worldwide box office receipts, Star Wars is the second-highest-grossing film franchise of all time.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
Star Wars fundamentally changed the aesthetics and narratives of Hollywood films, switching the focus of Hollywood-made films from deep, meaningful stories based on dramatic conflict, themes and irony to sprawling special-effects-laden blockbusters, as well as changing the Hollywood film industry in fundamental ways. Before Star Wars, special effects in films had not appreciably advanced since the 1950s.<ref name=Bigsby>Template:Cite book</ref> The commercial success of Star Wars created a boom in state-of-the-art special effects in the late 1970s.<ref name=Cook /> Along with Jaws, Star Wars started the tradition of the summer blockbuster film in the entertainment industry, where films open on many screens at the same time and profitable franchises are important.<ref name="chicago">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="pbs" /> It created the model for the major film trilogy and showed that merchandising rights on a film could generate more money than the film itself did.<ref name="msn" />
Film critic Roger Ebert wrote in his book The Great Movies, "Like The Birth of a Nation and Citizen Kane, Star Wars was a technical watershed that influenced many of the movies that came after." It began a new generation of special effects and high-energy motion pictures. The film was one of the first films to link genres together to invent a new, high-concept genre for filmmakers to build upon.<ref name="Legacy" /> Finally, along with Steven Spielberg's Jaws, it shifted the film industry's focus away from personal filmmaking of the 1970s and towards fast-paced, big-budget blockbusters for younger audiences.<ref name="EmpireOfDreams" /><ref name="GreatEbert">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Shone">Shone, Tom (2004). Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer. London: Simon & Schuster. p. 64. Template:ISBN.</ref>
Some critics have blamed Star Wars and Jaws for "ruining" Hollywood by shifting its focus from "sophisticated" films such as The Godfather, Taxi Driver, and Annie Hall to films about spectacle and juvenile fantasy, and for the industry shift from stand-alone, one and done films, towards blockbuster franchises with multiple sequels and prequels.<ref name="American">Template:Cite news</ref> One such critic, Peter Biskind, complained, "When all was said and done, Lucas and Spielberg returned the 1970s audience, grown sophisticated on a diet of European and New Hollywood films, to the simplicities of the pre-1960s Golden Age of movies... They marched backward through the looking-glass."<ref name="American" /><ref name="Biskind">Biskind, Peter (1998). "Star Bucks". Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 336–337, 343. Template:ISBN.</ref> In an opposing view, Tom Shone wrote that through Star Wars and Jaws, Lucas and Spielberg "didn't betray cinema at all: they plugged it back into the grid, returning the medium to its roots as a carnival sideshow, a magic act, one big special effect", which was "a kind of rebirth".<ref name="Shone" />
The original Star Wars trilogy is widely considered one of the best film trilogies in history.<ref>For a sampling of the reviews, read the following:
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- Template:Cite news</ref> Numerous filmmakers have been influenced by Star Wars, including Damon Lindelof, Dean Devlin, Roland Emmerich, John Lasseter,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> David Fincher, Joss Whedon, John Singleton, Kevin Smith,<ref name="Legacy">Template:Cite video</ref> and later Star Wars directors J. J. Abrams and Gareth Edwards.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Lucas's concept of a "used universe" particularly influenced Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982) and Alien (1979), James Cameron's Aliens (1986) as well as The Terminator (1984), George Miller's Mad Max 2 (1981), and Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001–2003).<ref name="Legacy" /> Christopher Nolan cited Star Wars as an influence when making the 2010 blockbuster film Inception.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Fan works
[edit]Template:Main The Star Wars saga has inspired many fans to create their own non-canon material set in the Star Wars galaxy. In recent years, this has ranged from writing fan fiction to creating fan films. In 2002, Lucasfilm sponsored the first annual Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards, officially recognizing filmmakers and the genre. Because of concerns over potential copyright and trademark issues, however, the contest was initially open only to parodies, mockumentaries, and documentaries. Fan fiction films set in the Star Wars universe were originally ineligible, but in 2007, Lucasfilm changed the submission standards to allow in-universe fiction entries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Lucasfilm has allowed but not endorsed the creation of fan fiction, as long as it does not attempt to make a profit.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Academia
[edit]As the characters and the storyline of the original trilogy are so well known, educators have used the films in the classroom as a learning resource. For example, a project in Western Australia honed elementary school students storytelling skills by role-playing action scenes from the movies and later creating props and audio/visual scenery to enhance their performance.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Others have used the films to encourage second-level students to integrate technology in the science classroom by making prototype lightsabers.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Similarly, psychiatrists in New Zealand and the U.S. have advocated their use in the university classroom to explain different types of psychopathology.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
See also
[edit]- 501st Legion
- Architecture of Star Wars
- Comparison of Star Trek and Star Wars
- Jedi census phenomenon
- Jediism
- List of space science fiction franchises
- List of Star Wars characters
- List of Star Wars creatures
- List of Star Wars planets and moons
- Music of Star Wars
- Physics and Star Wars
- Star Wars Celebration
- Star Wars Day
- Star Wars documentaries
- Star Wars: The High Republic
- Space warfare in fiction
- The Force
- The Story of Star Wars
- Technology in Star Wars
- Wookieepedia, the Star Wars wiki
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]Works cited
[edit]Further reading
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External links
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