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Orpington

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox UK place

Orpington is a town in Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is 13.4 miles (21.6 km) south east of Charing Cross.

On the south-eastern edge of the Greater London Built-up Area, it is south of St Mary Cray, southwest of Swanley, west of Ramsden, north of Goddington and Green Street Green, and east of Crofton and Broom Hill. Orpington is covered by the London BR postcode area.

It is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.<ref name="london_plan_f08">Template:Cite web</ref>

History

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File:Internal View of Crofton Roman Villa.jpg
The ruins of Crofton Roman Villa near Orpington Railway Station
File:View of the West Side of All Saints' Church, Orpington (II).jpg
The medieval Church of All Saints in Orpington

Stone Age tools have been found in several areas of Orpington, including Goddington Park, Priory Gardens, the Ramsden estate, and Poverest.Template:Citation needed Early Bronze Age pottery fragments have been found in the Park Avenue area.Template:Citation needed During the building of Ramsden Boys School in 1956, the remains of an Iron Age farmstead were excavated.Template:Citation needed The area was occupied in Roman times, as shown by Crofton Roman Villa and the Roman bath-house at Fordcroft.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the Anglo-Saxon period, Fordcroft Anglo-Saxon cemetery was used in the area.

The first record of the name Orpington occurs in 1038, when King Cnut's treasurer Eadsy gave land at "Orpedingetune" to the Monastery of Christ Church at Canterbury.Template:Citation needed The name means 'Orped's farmstead', Orped being an Anglo-Saxon first-name.<ref name="Willey">Template:Cite book</ref> The Church of All Saints was also built in the Anglo-Saxon period.<ref name="Willey"/> On 22 July 1573, Queen Elizabeth I was entertained at Bark Hart (Orpington Priory)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Citation needed span.

Historically, the major local commercial centre was nearby St Mary Cray rather than Orpington.<ref name="Willey"/> St Mary Cray had a regular market, and industry (paper mills and bell foundry). In contrast, Orpington was a small country village surrounded by soft fruit farms, hop fields and orchards. These crops attracted Romani people, working as itinerant pickers, to annual camps in local meadows and worked-out chalk pits. Although this work has largely ended, the Borough still provides a permanent site for travellers at Star Lane, and historic gatherings are commemorated in local street names, such as Romany Rise. In 1967, Eric Lubbock, then Liberal MP for Orpington, promoted a Private Member's Bill to provide permanent Romani sites; this resulted in the Caravan Sites Act 1968 that placed an obligation upon local authorities to provide sites for locally residing travellers.<ref>Stopping Places: A Gypsy History of South London and Kent Simon Evans (Univ of Hertfordshire Press 2004) Template:ISBN</ref> In 1971, an international meeting of Romany people was held at Orpington; this Orpington Congress marked the founding of the International Romani Union, a group seeking political representation for Romanis throughout Europe.<ref>The Roma (Czech Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, October 2002) Template:Webarchive accessed 3 December 2007.</ref>

Orpington railway station opened in 1868 to the southwest of the town centre, prompting housing development in the Crofton and Broom Hill areas, with the Derry Downs areas to the east also developed at about the same time.<ref name="Willey"/> The station was expanded in 1904, prompting a wave of house building that peaked in the 1920-30s, transforming the area into a suburb of London.<ref name="Willey"/> The Walnuts Shopping Centre was built in the early 1970s.<ref name="Willey"/>

Government

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File:BromleyOrpington.GIF
The ward of Orpington (red) shown within the borough of Bromley (orange)

Orpington has been part of the London Borough of Bromley since 1 April 1965. Prior to this Orpington's local government was the Orpington Urban District within the county of Kent. Orpington forms part of the Orpington (UK Parliament constituency) and the current MP is Gareth Bacon, who has held the seat since 2019 for the Conservative Party.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Orpington constituency, which covers a large swathe of southern Bromley borough, is regarded as a Conservative safe seat, with the party winning the seat in every general election held since 1970. Gareth Bacon is also the London Assembly member for the Bexley and Bromley constituency in which Orpington is located.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Orpington is a town located in Greater London, specifically within the London Borough of Bromley. It has farms, roads, and homes divided by the border with Kent. This characteristic means that some areas of Orpington fall within the administrative boundaries of Bromley, while others extend into Kent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

By-election of 1962

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After the Conservative member for the Orpington constituency, Donald Sumner, had resigned to become a county court judge, a by-election was held on 15 March 1962. Orpington was considered a safe Conservative seat, but Eric Lubbock, the Liberal candidate, won with a 22% swing away from the Conservatives. The result caused a sensation and was headline news across the nation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It is from this win that the revival of the Liberal Party is usually dated.

Demographics

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Data from the 2011 census reported that the population of Orpington was 15,311 with 52% being female and 48% male. The average age is 42, slightly above the national average age of 40.<ref name="ons">Template:Cite web</ref> 86% of Orpington's population was born in England, with the second highest group being those born in Scotland at 1.1%. 95.1% of Orpington's population speak English, with 'Others' at 0.4%. Christianity is the most prominent religion in Orpington, with 63.1% of the population identifying as Christian; 'no religion' was second with 24.4% and Islam third at 2.1%. 45 people identify as Jewish and five as Buddhist. 51.1% of the local population is married, 23.8% are single, 8.2% cohabit with a partner of the opposite sex and 0.5% cohabit with a partner of the same sex. The leading occupation is 'professionals' who make up 19.2% of the population followed by administrative and secretarial at 16.2%.<ref name="localstats">Template:Cite web</ref>

Retail and commerce

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File:20030614 08 Orpington High Street.jpg
Orpington High Street, looking south
File:Nugent Shopping Centre, Orpington - geograph.org.uk - 1700880.jpg
Nugent Shopping Park
File:Pizza Express, High Street, Orpington - geograph.org.uk - 1218759.jpg
A former bank branch on a corner site in the High Street

The High Street and adjacent Walnuts Shopping Centre contain a variety of high-street shops, pubs and restaurants. A large Tesco supermarket opened in 2009 on the site of a former multi-storey car park.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There is also a general market three days a week in front of Orpington College. In 2017 a restricted parking zone was introduced on Orpington High Street, which enabled the council to wipe away road markings indicating parking restrictions.<ref name="bromley2">Template:Cite web</ref> By combining the lack of markings with CCTV monitoring, the council has been able to reduce the amount of street clutter and improve the quality of the High Street environment.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Much of the town's retailers reside at the Nugent Shopping Park. This retail park is located to the north of the high street, in the St Mary Cray area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The vicinity of the park also hosts several 'big box' retail outlets. Following the relocation of Marks & Spencer from their town-centre store to the Nugent Shopping Park, their previous site was taken over by Sainsbury's, who moved from their site nearby in the Walnuts.Template:Citation needed

Sport and leisure

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The Walnuts Leisure Centre,<ref>http://www.bromleymytime.org.uk/walnuts-leisure-centre.html Template:Webarchive bromleymytime.org.uk</ref> just east of the High Street, has a six-lane, 33.3-metre indoor swimming pool, squash courts and a gym with sauna and steam room, as well as a sports hall used for activities such as badminton, basketball, trampolining and fitness classes. The sports hall is also used for Women's Artistic Gymnastics, and the leisure centre has been the main training venue for Orpington Gymnastic Club since the opening of the centre.<ref>http://www.orpington-gymnastic-club.org.uk Template:Webarchive orpington-gymnastic-club.org.uk</ref>

File:Lakes in Priory Gardens, Orpington (II).jpg
The pond at Priory Gardens is the source of the River Cray.

There are also other leisure centres such as one situated at Harris Academy Orpington,<ref>http://www.bromleymytime.org.uk/priory-sports-centre.html Template:Webarchive bromleymytime.org.uk</ref> which has a floodlit, synthetic pitch for hockey and football, three outdoor tennis courts, two netball courts, four outdoor cricket nets and a sports hall with gymnasium/fitness suite and dance studio. Another is Banaatyne Health Club, a members-only health club on Sandy Lane which was previously LA Fitness but changed causing controversy in late 2015.<ref name="bromleytimes">Template:Cite web</ref> Other exercise facilities include bodybuilding gym Ripped Muscle And Fitness located on Orpington high street,<ref name="rippedmuscleandfitnessltd">Template:Cite web</ref> previously Keddles Gym (now based in Dartford),<ref name="keddles">Template:Cite web</ref> and Anytime fitness which can be found on Orpington high street.<ref name="anytimefitness">Template:Cite web</ref>

There are rugby, football, tennis and cricket pitches in Goddington Park which are used by Westcombe Park RFC,<ref>http://www.westcombeparkrugby.co.uk Template:Webarchive westcombeparkrugby.co.uk</ref> Orpington Cricket Club,<ref name="orpingtoncc">Template:Cite web</ref> Orpington Football Club and Locksbottom Town FC.<ref name="orpingtonfc">Template:Cite web</ref> Westcombe Park RFC competes in National League 3 London & SE (four leagues below premiership rugby). 'Combe' moved from the Blackheath area to Orpington in 1936. Cray Wanderers F.C., established in 1860 no longer plays in Orpington, but now shares a ground with Bromley F.C. On 3 October 2014 Cray Wanderers signed a conditional contract to purchase Flamingo Park Sports Centre on the A20 Sidcup bypass. The club subsequently obtained planning permission from Bromley Council for a new sporting community hub, featuring a new multi-sport stadium with a spectator capacity of 2,200.<ref name="newsshopper">Template:Cite web</ref> However, in July 2016 new London Mayor Sadiq Khan vetoed the plan as part of his pledge to protect green belt land.<ref name="newsshopper2">Template:Cite web</ref>

Orpington Boxing Club has produced numerous amateur champions. It moved to Westerham in 1986.<ref>"Orpington ABC", Sevenoaks Gazette, June 1986</ref> The club closed in 2013 due to lack of funding, but reopened in Pettswood in 2024 with a 15 year lease.<ref>"Orpington ABC", News Shopper, March 2024</ref>

Since 1985, members of Orpington Road Runners<ref name="orprunners">Template:Cite web</ref> have met every Tuesday near The Buff Pub and on Sundays at High Elms Country Park. For over 10 years, the club has organised a 10k race and series of 2k fun runs<ref>http://www.orprunners.com/orpington10k Template:Webarchive orprunners.com</ref> during the summer in conjunction with Darrick Wood School. Bromley Indoor Bowls Club is situated off Gillmans Road. Lawn bowls is played at the Excelsior Club<ref name="oebc">Template:Cite web</ref> in Poverest Recreation Ground. Knoll Lawn Tennis Club<ref>http://knoll.totaltennis.net/home/aboutUs.asp Template:Webarchive knoll.totaltennis.net</ref> has (despite its name) five tarmac courts tucked away among the houses of Mayfield Avenue and Lynwood Grove. Bromley Tennis Centre (six indoor courts and four floodlit outdoor courts) is in the grounds of Newstead Wood School.

Construction work on a new cinema complex at The Walnuts Centre commenced in 2014;<ref name="millerdevelopments">Template:Cite web</ref> the seven screen Odeon Cinema opened on 26 February 2016.<ref name=cin>News Shopper article New 7-screen Odeon cinema in Orpington High Street announces its official opening date accessed from http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/ Template:Webarchive</ref> Orpington was without a cinema since 1982, when the old Commodore cinema closed.<ref name="ideal-homes">Template:Cite web</ref>

Education

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File:Orpington College - geograph.org.uk - 624550.jpg
Bromley College's Orpington campus

Template:Main Education in Orpington is managed by the London Borough of Bromley which is the local education authority. The town contains a range of primary and secondary schools. The state secondary schools include St. Olave's Grammar School and Newstead Wood School, which both select students on the basis of their performance in a highly competitive entrance examination.

The Orpington campus of Bromley College, Bromley is a further education college, affiliated with the University of Greenwich and Canterbury Christ Church University. It was originally built as Orpington College in 1972, and remains the tallest building in the area, being refurbished in 2008 and then merging with Bromley College in 2011.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Transport

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Orpington railway station is a transport hub served by Southeastern with trains to the Central London stations of Charing Cross and Cannon Street via Grove Park, as well as Victoria via Bromley South and Herne Hill. In the other direction services call at Sevenoaks, Tunbridge Wells and Hastings.

Orpington is served by London Buses routes 51, 61, 208, 353, 358, B14, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, school routes 654, 684, night route N199, Go-Coach route 3 and Arriva Kent Thameside route 477.

The M25 motorway around London passes Orpington to the south of the town and three A roads, the A208, A224 and A232, pass through the area. Additionally, the A21 passes along the town's southern border.

Landmarks

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The Parish Church

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File:West Side of All Saints' Church, Orpington (I).jpg
All Saints Church

The Parish Church is All Saints Church, which stands upon pre-Norman foundations.<ref name="All Saints">Template:NHLE</ref> Mentioned in the Domesday Book, it is Early English in style, but some Saxon work is still visible. It was endowed by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1173.Template:Citation needed The tower and steeple were damaged by a storm in 1771.<ref name="All Saints"/> The rebuilt steeple was struck by lightning in 1809, and it was not replaced. The church was greatly enlarged in 1957.<ref name="Willey"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The present Vicar is the Reverend George Rogers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Priory

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File:West Face of Orpington Priory (02).jpg
The west face of Orpington Priory

The Priory is a medieval hall house. In 1032, Eadsy, chaplain to King Cnut, gave his estate at Orpedingetune to Christ Church Priory, Canterbury.Template:Citation needed The first Rector of Orpington, Hugh de Mortimer, held court here in 1270.Template:Citation needed The house was rebuilt in 1290, this time in stone, and extended in 1393 and 1471.Template:Citation needed In the 17th century the house ceased to be a rectory and passed into private ownership; a timber-framed extension was added, which no longer exists. The house was acquired by Orpington Urban District Council in 1947, and used to house a museum which closed in September 2015 for cost reasons.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Priory Gardens

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File:The Priory Garden, Orpington.JPG
The Priory Garden at Orpington

The Grade II listed<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Priory Gardens designed by the last private owners of The Priory, Cecil and Lilian Hughes, consists of Italianate and Arts & Crafts style formal gardens reflecting the Hughes respective interests, a landscaped park with children's play area, and a trio of natural ponds where the River Cray rises. Each year the Orpington May Queen is crowned in the gardens.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Orpington Hospital

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During the First World War a large military hospital, the "16th Canadian General", was built south-east of the station, funded by the government of Ontario, Canada.<ref name="Willey"/> It originally accommodated 1,050 patients; an extra wing was added in 1917.Template:Citation needed By January 1919 more than 25,000 wounded soldiers had been treated here.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Most of the original pre-fabricated buildings remained in use for more than 80 years before a major renovation around the turn of the century.Template:Citation needed Today Orpington Hospital provides rehabilitation and therapy services, outpatient and diagnostic services (including dermatology and diabetes), but it no longer has an Accident and Emergency Unit. The nearest A&E is Princess Royal University Hospital in Farnborough.

Orpington War Memorial

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File:Orpington War Memorial.jpg
Orpington War Memorial

Orpington War Memorial standing at the southern end of the High Street is a focal point for Remembrance Sunday.<ref name="newsshopper3">Template:Cite web</ref> It was designed by local architect Charles Heaton Comyn and unveiled on Sunday 28 August 1921.<ref name="google">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Self-published source</ref>Template:Self-published inline It originally contained the names of 111 local men who died in the Great War, however further names were added later, bringing the total for the Great War up to 117.

A campaign in 1997–98 for the remembrance of 432 armed forces personnel who fell in the Second World War resulted in the unveiling of eight more plaques on Sunday 2 August 1999.<ref name="google"/> Another new plaque has been added detailing the eight local men who have died on active duty since 1945.<ref name="google"/>

Canadian Corner

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File:Canadian Corner.jpg
The Memorial Cross which stands in Canadian Corner

In the corner of All Saints' Church sits Canadian Corner. This is a First World War memorial that marks where 182 soldiers who died being treated at Orpington Hospital are buried. The name derives from the fact 88 of those buried are Canadians. Canadian Corner is unique in that its design resembles that of First World War Cemeteries found in France & Belgium, with the text on the memorial suggesting that the Memorial Cross was the first outside of the Western Front, as the English public were interested in how the war cemeteries looked.Template:Citation needed The Memorial Cross in Canadian Corner was unveiled in 1921 in the presence of the High Commissioner for Canada.<ref name="wordpress">Template:Cite web</ref> The automatic plunger used to release the Union flag which hid the Cross was the same used by George V during the unveiling of The Cenotaph a year earlier. The Memorial Cross in Canadian Corner was the first Canadian Memorial unveiled in the UK.<ref name="wordpress"/>

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Orpington chicken and duck

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Template:Main Orpington is known for the "Buff", "Black" and "Speckled" chickens bred locally by William Cook in the 1890s.<ref name="Willey"/> One could see the Buff Orpington at Tripes Farm, Chelsfield Lane until the late 1990s when the chicken coop was removed from the farm. Buff Orpington Ducks were also developed by Cook. The town still has a pub called The Buff, originally named in honour of the Buff Orpington.

Orpington car

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The Orpington Car, designed by Frank Smith and built by Smith & Milroy Ltd at their works in Wellington Road, was shown at the 1920 Motor Show. It was a two-seater convertible, with a dickey seat, and a 10 horsepower (7.5 kW) engine.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Although briefly successful, Smith and Milroy could not compete with mass production, and the last car was commonly believedTemplate:Who to have been built in 1925.Template:Citation needed The only known survivor at the time reportedly once appeared in the 1970s television series Crossroads, but this has not been substantiated. There are now no known surviving examples.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Orpington man

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Journalists in the 1960s used "Orpington man" to designate a typical member of the lower middle class, for example as the target audience of an electoral or advertising appeal.<ref>David Childs, Britain since 1945 (3rd ed. 1992) pp 140, 146</ref><ref name="theguardian2">Template:Cite news</ref>

TV appearances

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Notable people

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Notable Animals

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Geography

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References

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Sources

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Template:LB Bromley Template:London Districts Template:Authority control

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