Norman Jewison
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Norman Frederick Jewison Template:Post-nominals (July 21, 1926 – January 20, 2024) was a Canadian filmmaker. He was known for directing films which addressed topical social and political issues, often making controversial or complicated subjects accessible to mainstream audiences. Among numerous other accolades, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director three times in three separate decades, for In the Heat of the Night (1967), Fiddler on the Roof (1971), and Moonstruck (1987). He was nominated for an additional four Oscars, three Golden Globe Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award, and won a BAFTA Award. He received the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences's Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award in 1999.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Born and raised in Toronto, Jewison began his career at CBC Television in the 1950s, moving to the United States later in the decade to work at NBC. He made his feature film debut in 1962, with the comedy 40 Pounds of Trouble, and embarked on a motion picture directing career that spanned over 40 years. His notable films included The Cincinnati Kid (1965), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966), In The Heat of the Night (1967),The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), Rollerball (1975), F.I.S.T. (1978), ...And Justice for All (1979), A Soldier's Story (1984), Agnes of God (1985), and The Hurricane (1999).
In 1988, Jewison founded the Canadian Film Centre. In 2003, he received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement for his multiple contributions to the film industry in Canada.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> He was Chancellor of Victoria University in the University of Toronto, his alma mater, from 2004 until 2010.
Early life and education
[edit]Jewison was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Dorothy Irene (née Weaver) and Percy Joseph Jewison (1890–1974),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> who managed a convenience store and post office.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He attended Kew Beach School and Malvern Collegiate Institute, and while growing up in the 1930s displayed an aptitude for performing and theatre. He was often mistaken for being Jewish due to his surname and direction of Fiddler on the Roof, but Jewison and his family are Protestants (Methodists<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>) of English descent.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He served in the Royal Canadian Navy (1944–1945) during World War II, and after being discharged travelled in the American South, where he encountered segregation, an experience that influenced his later work.<ref name=Hour>Template:Cite web</ref>
Jewison attended Victoria College in the University of Toronto, graduating with a B.A. in 1949. As a student, he was involved in writing, directing, and acting in various theatrical productions, including the All-Varsity Revue in 1949. Following graduation, he moved to London, where he worked sporadically as a script writer for a children's television program and bit part actor for the BBC, while supporting himself with odd jobs. Out of work in Britain in late 1951, he returned to Canada to become a production trainee at CBLT in Toronto, which was preparing for the launch of CBC Television.<ref name=ACE>Template:Cite web</ref>
Career
[edit]1952–1964: Early work
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When CBC Television went on the air in the fall of 1952, Jewison was an assistant director.<ref name=ACE/> During the next seven years he wrote, directed, and produced a wide variety of musicals, comedy-variety shows, dramas, and specials, including The Big Revue, Showtime, and The Barris Beat. In 1953 he married Margaret Ann "Dixie" Dixon, a former model. They had three children – Michael, Kevin, and Jennifer<ref name="WP obit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Guardian obit">Template:Cite news</ref> – who all pursued careers in the entertainment industry.<ref name="Historica Macleans">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> In 1958 Jewison was recruited to work for NBC in New York, where his first assignment was Your Hit Parade, followed by The Andy Williams Show. The success of these shows led to directing specials featuring performers such as Harry Belafonte, Jackie Gleason, and Danny Kaye. The television production that proved pivotal to Jewison's career was the Judy Garland "comeback" special that aired in 1961, which included Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin, and led to a weekly show that Jewison was later called in to direct. Visiting the studio during rehearsal for the special, actor Tony Curtis suggested to Jewison that he should direct a feature film.<ref name=Hour/>
Jewison's career as a film director began when Tony Curtis' and Janet Leigh's film production company, Curtleigh Productions, hired him to direct the comedy 40 Pounds of Trouble in February 1962.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> The film was financed and distributed by Universal-International Pictures and was the first motion picture ever filmed at Disneyland.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Curtleigh Productions' contract with Jewison had a negotiable option for further films if the initial picture was successful.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In early October 1962, Jewison formed his own independent film production company, Simkoe Productions, and signed a two-picture deal with Curtis' new film production company, Curtis Enterprises, as well as an additional two-picture deal with Universal-International Pictures.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Although the two pictures for Curtis Enterprises were not made, both films for Universal-International Pictures were. He made two comedies starring Doris Day: The Thrill of It All, released in 1963 and co-starring James Garner, and Send Me No Flowers, released in 1964 and co-starring Rock Hudson. After another comedy, The Art of Love (1965), Jewison was determined to escape from the genre and tackle more demanding projects.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
1965–1987: Breakthrough and acclaim
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His breakthrough film proved to be The Cincinnati Kid (1965), a drama starring Steve McQueen, and Jewison considered it one of his personal favourites because it was his first challenging drama.<ref name="Interview">Bierlich, Jenny. Interview with Norman Jewison – Template:YouTube, February 17, 2008</ref> This success was followed in 1966 by a satire on Cold War paranoia, The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming; it was the first film Jewison also produced, and it was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He felt that doing "a plea for coexistence, or the absurdity of international conflict was important right at that moment". While reaction to Russians was positive, Jewison was labelled as "a Canadian pinko" by right-wing commentators.<ref name="SE">Template:Cite AV media</ref>
Continuing his string of successes was one of the films that has become closely identified with Jewison as its director, In the Heat of the Night (1967), a crime drama set in a racially divided Southern town and starring Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, which won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, while Jewison was nominated for Best Director. While he was filming, Robert Kennedy told Jewison that this could be "a very important film. Timing is everything". Kennedy reminded Jewison of that prediction a year and a half later when he presented him with the Critics' Choice Movie Award for best drama.<ref name=SE/> As a follow-up he directed and produced another film with McQueen, using innovative multiple screen images in the crime caper The Thomas Crown Affair (1968). From that point Jewison produced all feature films he directed, often with associate Patrick Palmer, and he also acted as producer for films directed by others, beginning with his former film editor Hal Ashby's directorial debut The Landlord (1970).<ref name="Historica bio"/> After the completion of the period comedy Gaily, Gaily (1969), Jewison, having become disenchanted with the political climate in the United States, moved his family to England.<ref name="Historica bio">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
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At Pinewood Studios northwest of London, and on location in Yugoslavia, he worked on the musical Fiddler on the Roof (1971, re-issued 1979), which won three Oscars and was nominated for five others, including Best Picture and Director. During the filming of Fiddler, Jewison was also the subject of the 1971 National Film Board of Canada documentary, Norman Jewison, Filmmaker, directed by Douglas Jackson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jewison's next project was the musical Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), based on the Broadway musical written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. It was filmed in Israel, where Jewison also produced the western Billy Two Hats (1974), starring Gregory Peck. Superstar, controversial for its treatment of a religious subject, was followed by another movie that sparked critical debate, this time over violence. Rollerball (1975) is set in the near future when corporations rule the world and entertainment is centred around a deadly game. The next film he directed, the labour union drama F.I.S.T. (1978), loosely based on the life of Jimmy Hoffa, also provided some controversy, this time regarding the screenwriting credit. Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas was unhappy to share the screenwriting credit with the film's star Sylvester Stallone, as he felt that Stallone's input had been minor, while Stallone claimed to have basically rewritten the whole script.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1978 Jewison returned to Canada, settling in the Caledon area in Ontario and establishing a farm that produced prizewinning cattle, as well as maple syrup.<ref name="Historica Macleans"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Operating from a base in Toronto, as well as one maintained in California, he directed high-profile actors Al Pacino in ...And Justice for All (1979), and Burt Reynolds and Goldie Hawn in the romantic comedy Best Friends (1982), and he produced The Dogs of War (1981) and Iceman (1984). During this period Jewison also produced the 53rd Annual Academy Awards (1981), which was slated to air the day President Ronald Reagan was shot and had to be rescheduled. Revisiting the theme of racial tension that had characterised In the Heat of the Night, Jewison's A Soldier's Story (1984), based on a Pulitzer Prize winning play, was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. His next film was also based on a successful play. Agnes of God (1985), set in a Quebec convent, starred Jane Fonda, Meg Tilly, and Anne Bancroft; it received three Academy Award nominations.<ref name="Historica bio"/> In 1986, he then discontinued the agreement with film producer Columbia Pictures, citing the behaviour of British filmmaker and head of production David Puttnam.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the falling out with Columbia, his Yorktown Productions company was moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for a three-year agreement to direct, produce, and develop pictures from the studio, and gave MGM the right of first refusal on films he wished to make.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Jewison's next film proved to be one of the most popular romantic films ever made. Moonstruck (1987), starring Cher, was a box office hit that garnered three Academy Awards, including Best Actress for Cher. Jewison also received his third Best Director nomination.<ref name="WP obit"/><ref name="Guardian obit"/>
1988–2001
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For the next decade Jewison continued to direct feature films released by major studios: In Country (1989), a drama concerned with Vietnam veterans and the daughter of a war casualty; Other People's Money (1991), a social comedy about greed in the 1980s; Only You (1994), a romantic comedy set in Italy; and Bogus (1996), a fantasy about a young boy and his imaginary friend. He also served as producer for the film January Man (1989), executive producer for the Canadian movie Dance Me Outside, and branched back into television both as director and producer, including the TNT biographical film Geronimo (1993) and the series The Rez (1996–1998).<ref name="TNT">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Hurricane (1999) was Jewison's third film to explore the effects of racism, telling the story of boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, who had been falsely convicted for a triple murder in New Jersey during the mid-1960s. Denzel Washington won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Oscar for his portrayal of Carter. In 1999, Jewison's work was recognised by The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences when he was given the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for lifetime achievement. Jewison continued directing and producing up until his last film to be released, the 2003 thriller The Statement, based on a novel by Brian Moore starring Michael Caine. That same year his autobiography This Terrible Business Has Been Good to Me was published, expressing the enthusiasm, conviction, and creative passion that sustained his career.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1999, he directed the HBO television movie Dinner with Friends starring Andie MacDowell, Greg Kinnear, Toni Collette, and Dennis Quaid. The film was based on the play of the same name by Donald Margulies. Jewison was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.<ref name="Historica bio"/>
Describing the key characteristic of the films he made, he once said: "I want people to recognise themselves in the movies I make. I don't enjoy no-brainer action movies."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Canadian Film Centre
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Jewison's commitment and contribution to film in Canada is evidenced by his creation of the Canadian Centre for Advanced Film Studies in 1986, which opened two years later as an advanced film school on Windfields Estate in Toronto, Ontario. This was subsequently renamed the Canadian Film Centre (CFC).<ref name="cfccreates.com">CFC – About</ref>
More than 1,700 alumni and 100 alumni companies have come out of CFC's programs to date,<ref name="cfccreates.com"/> including Shaftesbury Films, Conquering Lion Pictures, CopperHeart Entertainment, Smiley Guy Studios, and Secret Location.<ref>CFC Creates</ref> The centre has helped incubate and/or develop groundbreaking original content, including hit television series Orphan Black (from creators Graeme Manson and John Fawcett,<ref name="CFC 2010s">Template:Cite news</ref> CFC alumni), the award-winning first feature Closet Monster (from writer/director alumnus Stephen Dunn),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and internationally award-winning documentary feature Stories We Tell (from director and CFC alumna Sarah Polley).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Additionally, feature films such as Rhymes for Young Ghouls (director Jeff Barnaby), Cube (director Vincenzo Natali), and Rude (director Clement Virgo) have been developed and produced through CFC Features.<ref>CFC Productions</ref>
Each year in Los Angeles, Jewison bestowed the CFC Award for Creative Excellence to CFC alumni in recognition of their outstanding work and contributions to the screen-based entertainment industry. Jewison presented the inaugural award to CFC alumna Semi Chellas (Mad Men) in 2014, to Graeme Manson and John Fawcett (Orphan Black) in 2015, and to Don McKellar (The Red Violin, Highway 61) in 2016.<ref name="CFC 2010s"/>
Jewison was the Chair Emeritus of the CFC.<ref>CFC Staff Members</ref>
Personal life
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Norman Jewison and Margaret Ann Dixon married on July 11, 1953. She died on November 26, 2004, the day following her 74th birthday, in Orangeville, Ontario, from undisclosed causes.<ref>"IN BRIEF: Norman Jewison's wife dies; Louvre II announced; more", CBC, November 30, 2004. [1]</ref> They had three children and five grandchildren.<ref name="WP obit"/>
In recognition of his contributions to the arts, as well as his sustained support, Jewison was installed as Chancellor of Victoria University in the University of Toronto in 2004;<ref>"Spotlight". Toronto Star – Toronto, Ont. March 4, 2004, Page: A.23</ref> he held the position until October 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2010 Blake Goldring donated $1,000,000 to Victoria University at the University of Toronto to establish a specialised first-year liberal arts program in Jewison's name. The program began in September 2011 welcoming fewer than 30 select students into Norman Jewison Stream for Imagination and the Arts. Goldring is a 1981 graduate of the school.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Also in 2010, Jewison married Lynne St. David, whom he had begun dating in 2008. Her married name is Lynne St. David–Jewison.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Norman Jewison died in his Malibu home on January 20, 2024, at age 97.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Filmography
[edit]Film
[edit]Producer only
- The Landlord (1970)
- Billy Two Hats (1974)
- The Dogs of War (1980)
- Iceman (1984)
- The January Man (1989)
Executive producer
- Dance Me Outside (1994)
Acting roles
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | The Stupids | TV Director | |
| 1997 | An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn | Himself | Uncredited |
Ref.:<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=TCM>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=AFI>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=CFE>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Television
[edit]TV specials
| Year | Title | Director | Producer |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | The Fabulous Fifties | Template:Yes | Template:No |
| An Hour with Danny Kaye | Template:Yes | Template:No | |
| Belafonte, New York 19 | Template:Yes | Template:No | |
| 1961 | Bulova Watch Time with Pat Boone | Template:Yes | Template:No |
| 1962 | The Broadway of Lerner and Loewe | Template:Yes | Template:Yes |
TV movies
| Year | Title | Director | Producer | Executive Producer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | The Secret World of Eddie Hodges | Template:Yes | Template:Yes | Template:No |
| 1961 | The Million Dollar Incident | Template:Yes | Template:No | Template:No |
| 1993 | Geronimo | Template:No | Template:No | Template:Yes |
| 2001 | Dinner with Friends | Template:Yes | Template:No | Template:Yes |
| Walter and Henry | Template:No | Template:No | Template:Yes |
Ref.:<ref name=CBCTV>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TVG Filmography">Template:Cite web</ref>
Achievements and honours
[edit]
Jewison was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director three times in three separate decades for In the Heat of the Night (1967), Fiddler on the Roof (1971) and Moonstruck (1987). He also won the prestigious Silver Bear for Best Director at the Berlin Film Festival and earned Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Directors Guilds of both Canada and America. He also won a BAFTA Award.
References
[edit]External links
[edit]- The Norman Jewison Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto contains photographs and publicity materials, papers and correspondence, shooting scripts and schedules for films directed or produced by Jewison between 1975 and 2003.
- Order of Canada Citation
- Template:IMDb name
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- Template:Discogs artist
- Article at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
- CBC Digital Archives: Master Storyteller Norman Jewison
- Movie clips: Template:YouTube, compilation, 5 min.
- Pages with broken file links
- 1926 births
- 2024 deaths
- Royal Canadian Navy personnel
- Film directors from California
- Film producers from California
- American expatriates in England
- Military personnel from Toronto
- Canadian expatriates in the United States
- Canadian expatriates in England
- Academic staff of the Canadian Film Centre
- Film producers from Ontario
- Canadian male film actors
- Canadian people of English descent
- Canadian Protestants
- Canadian Screen Award winners
- Companions of the Order of Canada
- Film directors from Toronto
- Founders of educational institutions
- Golden Orange Honorary Award winners
- Members of the Order of Ontario
- Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II
- Silver Bear for Best Director recipients
- University of Toronto alumni
- Governor General's Award winners
- Directors of Best Picture Academy Award winners