List of Hungarian monarchs
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates This is a list of Hungarian monarchs; it includes the grand princes (895–1000) and the kings and ruling queens of Hungary (1000–1918).
The Hungarian Grand Principality was established around 895, following the 9th-century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000–1001 with the coronation of King Saint Stephen. The Árpád dynasty, the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád, ruled Hungary continuously from 895 to 1301. Christianity was adopted as the state religion for the Kingdom of Hungary by King Saint Stephen and the kings of the Árpád dynasty used the title of the apostolic king. The descendants of the dynasty gave the world the highest number of saints and blesseds from one family.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> Therefore, since the 13th century the dynasty has often been referred to as the "Kindred of the Holy Kings". The Árpád dynasty ruled the Carpathian Basin for four hundred years, influencing almost all of Europe through its extensive dynastic connections.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> The paternal lineage of the Árpád dynasty came to end in 1301 with the death of King Andrew III of Hungary, and all of the subsequent kings of Hungary (with the exception of King Matthias Corvinus) were cognatic descendants of the Árpád dynasty. In 1918, after World War I, King Charles IV "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. The Kingdom of Hungary existed as a country from 1920 to 1946, and officially represented the Hungarian monarchy, but in reality there was no king.
Chieftains before the Conquest
[edit]| Portrait | Name | Monarch from | Monarch until | Marriage(s) | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levedi Levedias, Lebedias, Lebedi |
? | Template:Circa 850 (?) | A Khazar princess | first voivode | |
| File:Képes krónika - 21.oldal - Álmos vezér.jpg | Álmos Almos, Almus |
Template:Circa 850 | Template:Circa 895 | Unknown | kende or gyula |
| File:Képes krónika - 26.oldal - Kund, a negyedik kapitány.jpg | Kurszán Kücsid, Kusál, Cussan, Cusa |
Template:Circa? | Template:Circa 904 | Unknown | kende or gyula |
Grand Princes of Hungary
[edit]House of Árpád
[edit]The king-list for the first half of the 10th century is often disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. The most frequently proposed list is:
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Kings of Hungary
[edit]House of Árpád (1000–1301)
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House of Přemyslid (1301–1305)
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House of Wittelsbach (1305–1307)
[edit]| Name Reign Coronation |
Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage |
Marriage(s) Issue |
Death Burial |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Wittelsbach (1305–1307) | ||||||
| Otto Otto the Bavarian Template:Langx 25th king of Hungary 9 October 1305 ┃ 1307 (2 years) Székesfehérvár |
11 February 1261 Burghausen, Duchy of Bavaria Son of Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria and Elizabeth of Hungary |
1st marriage Catherine of Habsburg January 1279
2nd marriage Agnes of Glogau 18 May 1309
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9 November 1312 Landshut, Duchy of Bavaria Aged 51–52 Seligenthal Monastery, Landshut, Duchy of Bavaria |
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House of Anjou (1308–1395)
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House of Luxembourg (1387–1437)
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House of Habsburg (1437–1457)
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House of Jagiellon (1440–1444)
[edit]| Name Reign Coronation |
Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage |
Marriage(s) Issue |
Death Burial |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Jagiellon (1440–1444) | ||||||
| Vladislaus I Vladislaus the Polish Template:Langx 33rd king of Hungary 17 July 1440 ┃ 10 November 1444 (4 years, 117 days) 17 July 1440 |
31 October 1424 Kraków, Kingdom of Poland Son of Władysław II, King of Poland and Sophia of Halshany |
Unmarried | 10 November 1444 Battle of Varna Aged 20–21 The king's body was lost in the battlefield |
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House of Hunyadi (1458–1490)
[edit]| Name Reign Coronation |
Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage |
Marriage(s) Issue |
Death Burial |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Hunyadi (1458–1490) | ||||||
| Matthias I Matthias the Just Template:Langx 34th king of Hungary 24 January 1458 ┃ 6 April 1490 (32 years, 73 days) Székesfehérvár |
23 February 1443 Kolozsvár, Kingdom of Hungary Son of John Hunyadi, Regent-Governor of Hungary and Elizabeth Szilágyi |
1st marriage Elizabeth of Celje Spring 1455 No issue 2nd marriageCatherine of Poděbrady 1 May 1463 No issue 3rd marriageBeatrice of Naples 22 December 1476 No issue
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6 April 1490 Vienna, Archduchy of Austria Aged 47–48 Royal Basilica, Székesfehérvár, Kingdom of Hungary |
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House of Jagiellon (1490–1526)
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King Louis II of Hungary died at Battle of Mohács in 1526. After the death of the Hungarian king, both the Hungarian noble Zápolya family and the Austrian Habsburg family claimed the whole kingdom. King John I from the Zápolya family ruled the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, and King Ferdinand I from the Habsburg family ruled the western part of Kingdom of Hungary.
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The western Royal Hungary ruled by King Ferdinand I and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom ruled by King John I at the end of 1526. The Ottomans captured Buda in 1541 and the central areas of the kingdom came under the authority of the Ottoman Empire, therefore Hungary was divided into three parts.
House of Zápolya (1526–1540)
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House of Habsburg (1526–1564)
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House of Zápolya (1540–1570)
[edit]| Name Reign Coronation |
Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage |
Marriage(s) Issue |
Death Burial |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Zápolya (1540–1570) | ||||||
| John II John Sigismund Template:Langx 39th king of Hungary First reign 13 September 1540 ┃ 19 July 1551 (10 years, 310 days) Second reign 25 November 1556 ┃ 16 August 1570 (13 years, 264 days) Never crowned |
File:Zapolyia siedmiogrodzki.png | 7 July 1540 Buda, Eastern Hungarian Kingdom Son of John I of Hungary, and Isabella of Poland |
Unmarried | 14 March 1571 Gyulafehérvár, Principality of Transylvania Aged 30–31 St. Michael's Cathedral, Gyulafehérvár, Principality of Transylvania |
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The Habsburgs tried several times to unite all Hungary under their rule, but the Ottoman Empire prevented that by supporting the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. King John I died in 1540, the Habsburg forces besieged Buda the Hungarian capital in 1541, Sultan Suleiman led a relief force and defeated the Habsburgs, the Ottomans captured the city by a trick during the Siege of Buda and the south central and central areas of the kingdom came under the authority of the Ottoman Empire, therefore Hungary was divided into three parts. The north-western rim of the Hungarian kingdom remained unconquered and recognised members of the House of Habsburg as Kings of Hungary, giving it the name "Royal Hungary". The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom is the predecessor of the Principality of Transylvania, which was established by the Treaty of Speyer in 1570 and the Eastern Hungarian King became the first Prince of Transylvania. The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state, and a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, it continued to be part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law, John Sigismund's possessions belonged to the Holy Crown of Hungary, and was a symbol of the survival of Hungarian statehood.Template:See also
House of Habsburg (1564–1637)
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House of Bethlen (1620–1621)
[edit]| Name Reign Coronation |
Portrait | Arms | Birth Parentage |
Marriage(s) Issue |
Death Burial |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Bethlen (1620–1621) | ||||||
| Gabriel
25 August 1620 ┃
Never crowned |
File:Bethlen Gábor királyi címere.png |
15 November 1580 Marosillye Son of Farkas Bethlen de Iktár and Druzsiána Lázár de Szárhegy |
Catherine of Brandenburg
2 March 1626 no issue |
15 November 1629
Gyulafehérvár, Principality of Transylvania Aged 37 St. Michael's Cathedral, Gyulafehérvár, Principality of Transylvania |
Elected in Besztercebánya Contested by Ferdinand II | |
House of Habsburg (1637–1780)
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House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1780–1918)
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Timeline
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bar:Principality of Transylvania align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(10,-5) from: 1556 till: 1690 color: erdely text:Princes of Transylvania from: 1690 till: 1704 color: habsburg text: from: 1704 till: 1711 color: erdely text: from: 1711 till: 1780 color: habsburg text: align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(15,-5) from: 1780 till: 1867 color: habsburglotharingiai text:Habsburg-Lorraine
bar:Ottoman Empire align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(-5,-5) from: 1526 till: 1718 color: torok text:Ottoman sultans
at:895 shift:(50,190) color:black text:895 Hungarian Conquest at:1000 shift:(70,180) color:black text:1000 Coronation of King Stephen I at:1526 shift:(45,190) color:black text:1526 Battle of Mohács at:1570 shift:(45,180) color:black text:1570 Treaty of Speyer at:1718 shift:(45,190) color:black text:1718 Treaty of Passarowitz at:1867 shift:(25,200) color:black text:1867 Ausgleich at:1918 shift:(45,180) color:black text:1920 Treaty of Trianon
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Family tree
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See also
[edit]- Family tree of Hungarian monarchs
- List of Hungarian royal consorts
- List of princes of Transylvania
- List of palatines of Hungary
- List of regent-governors of Hungary
- List of heads of state of Hungary
- List of prime ministers of Hungary
References
[edit]<ref name=Ellenius>Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998</ref>
<ref name="Bálint" >Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938</ref><ref name="Holčík">Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563–1830, Tatran, 1986</ref><ref name="Vértesy">Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885</ref><ref name="akadémia">Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1985</ref>
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