List of Chinese monarchs

illustration of Qin Shi Huang

Imagined portrait of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of a unified China. Depiction from the Qing dynasty

The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods.Template:Efn The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang (Template:Circa) and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as Wang Template:Lang, meaning king.Template:Sfn China was fully united for the first time by Qin Shi Huang (Template:Reign259–210 BCE), who established the first Imperial dynasty, adopting the title Huangdi (Template:Lang), meaning Emperor, which remained in use until the Imperial system's fall in 1912.Template:Sfn

At no point during Ancient or Imperial China was there a formalized means to confer legitimate succession between rulers.Template:Sfn From the Zhou dynasty onwards, monarchs justified their reigns by claiming the Mandate of Heaven (Template:Lang; Tiānmìng).Template:SfnTemplate:Efn The mandate held that a ruler and their successors had permission from the heavens to rule as long as they did so effectively.Template:Sfn It also declared a ruler the Son of Heaven (Template:Lang; Tiānzǐ), giving them the right to rule "all under heaven" (Template:Lang; Tiānxià).Template:Sfn Given the Mandate's subjective nature, rulers also utilized a variety of methods to retain support and justify their accession.Template:Sfn This ranged from military enforcement, political patronage, establishing peace and solidity, institutional reform, and historical revisionism to legitimize the dissolution of previous dynasties and their own succession.Template:Sfn For most of Imperial China, the wuxing (Template:Lang; "Five Elements") philosophical scheme was also central to justify dynastic succession.Template:Sfn

Most Chinese monarchs had many names. They were given a personal name (Template:Lang; Míngzi) at birth, but later referred to by a posthumous name (Template:Lang; Shìhào)—which memorialized their accomplishments or character—due to a cultural naming taboo.Template:Sfn Most emperors of the Imperial period also received a temple name (Template:Lang; Miàohào), used to venerate them in ancestor worship.Template:Sfn From the rule of Emperor Wu of Han (Template:Reign141–87 BCE) onwards,Template:Efn emperors also adopted one or several era names (Template:Lang; Niánhào), or "reign mottos",Template:Sfn to divide their rule by important events or accomplishments.Template:Sfn Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) rulers are referred to solely by their era names, of which they only had one.Template:Sfn

Apart from ethnic Han rulers, China was also ruled by various non-Han monarchs, including Jurchen, Khitan, Manchu, Mongol and Tangut and many others.Template:Sfn To justify their reign, non-Han rulers sometimes aligned themselves with the Confucian sages or the Chakravarti of Chinese Buddhism.Template:Sfn There are numerous lengthy periods where many competing kingdoms claimed the throne, many of whose legitimacy is still debated by scholars.Template:Sfn

Ancient China

Mythological rulers

In traditional Chinese historiography, various models of mythological founding rulers exist.Template:Sfn The relevancy of these figures to the earliest Chinese people is unknown, since most accounts of them were written from the Warring States period (Template:Circa BCE) onwards.Template:Sfnm The sinologist Kwang-chih Chang has generalized the typical stages: "the first period was populated by gods, the second by demigods/culture hero, and the third by the legendary kings."Template:Sfn The primordial god Pangu is given by many texts as the earliest figure and is credited with forming the world by separating heaven and earth.Template:Sfnm Other gods include Nüwa, who repaired heaven; Hou Yi, a mythical archer; and Gonggong, a serpent-like water deity.Template:Sfn

Demigod and hero rulers from hero myths—the largest group Chinese myths—are attributed the invention of specific items, practices or traditions.Template:Sfn Among the more important of them are Fuxi, the inventor of hunting; Suiren, who invented fire; and Shennong, who invented both agriculture and medicine.Template:Sfn The subsequent legendary kings began with the Yellow Emperor (Template:Lang), known as Huangdi, a major culture hero of Chinese civilization whose reign was considered exemplary.Template:Sfn Succeeding rulers include some combination of Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun.Template:Sfn Since the late Warring States onwards, early Chinese monarchs have traditionally been ground into the concept of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors;Template:Sfn however, the chosen figures of this grouping varies considerably between sources.Template:Sfn Generally, most accounts include at least Fuxi and Shennong among the Three Sovereigns as well as the Yellow Emperor, Yao and Shun among the Five Emperors.Template:Sfn

Xia dynasty

Template:Further The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period was followed by the Xia dynasty in traditional historiography.Template:Sfn Founded by Yu the Great, both the dynasty and its rulers are of highly uncertain and controversial historicity.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Xia dynasty (夏朝)

Name	Speculative reign lengthTemplate:Efn		Traditional succession	CapitalTemplate:Sfn	Purported life details
	Template:Abbr	Template:AbbrTemplate:Sfn
Yu Template:Lang	45	7	Chosen by the mythical Emperor Shun	Ji	Awarded the throne after his institution of flood control. He is often known as "Yu the Great" and his passing of the throne to his son marked the beginning of China's hereditary successionTemplate:Sfnm
Qi Template:Lang	10	8	Son of Yu	Xiayi	Prevented a rebellion led by his son WuguanTemplate:Sfnm
(Tai) Kang Template:Lang	29	28	Son of Qi	Zhenxun	Traditionally considered an ineffective king, either due to tyranny or incompetence. May have been briefly dethroned by the mythical hero Han Zhuo and later murdered by Han's son AoTemplate:Sfnm
(Zhong) Kang (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	13	13	Son of Qi	Zhenxun	May not have ruled as his existence is sometimes absent from Xia king listsTemplate:Sfnm
Xiang Template:Lang	28	28	Son of (Zhong) Kang	Shang, then Zhenxun	Killed by a son of Han ZhuoTemplate:Sfnm
Interregnum, ruled by Han Zhuo
(Shao) Kang Template:Lang	21	21	Son of Xiang	Yuan	Restored the dynasty after killing Han Zhuo and his sonsTemplate:Sfnm
Zhu Template:Lang	17	16	Son of (Shao) Kang	Yuan, then Laoqiu	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfnm
Huai Template:Lang	26	25	Son of Zhu	–	Little is known of his reign; may have ruled up to 40 yearsTemplate:Sfn
Mang Template:Lang	18	17	Son of Huai	–	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfn
Xie Template:Lang	16	15	Son of Mang	–	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfnm
(Bu) Jiang Template:Lang	59	58	Son of Xie	–	Little is known of his reign; campaigned against the northwestern Template:Ill peoplesTemplate:Sfn
Jiong Template:Lang	21	20	Son of Xie	–	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfn
Jin Template:Lang	21	20	Son of Jiong	Xihe	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfn
Kong Jia Template:Lang	31	30	Son of (Bu) Jiang	Xihe	His reign inaugurated the Xia's gradual declineTemplate:Sfn
Gao Template:Lang	11	10	Son of Kong Jia	–	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfn
Fa Template:Lang	11	20?	Son of Gao	–	May have only reigned 7 years. His reign saw the earliest recorded earthquake, identified with the Mount Tai earthquake.Template:Sfn
Jie Template:Lang	52	52	Son of Fa	Zhenxun, then Henan	Traditionally considered a cruel and oppressive ruler. Fled the empire after losing the Battle of Mingtiao to the state of ShangTemplate:Sfnm

Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE)

Template:Further Unlike the Xia, the Shang dynasty's historicity is firmly established, due to written records on divination objects known as Oracle bones. The oldest such oracle bones date to the Late Shang (Template:Circa), during the reign of Wu Ding (1250–1192), putting the exact details of earlier rulers into doubt.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Shang dynasty (商朝; c. 1600–1046/c. 1570—1045 BCE)

Posthumous nameTemplate:Sfn	Personal nameTemplate:Sfn	Tentative reign (BCE)Template:Efn		Traditional successionTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn	ResidenceTemplate:Sfn	Purported life details
		XSZ ProjectTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn	Template:AbbrTemplate:Sfn
Early Shang
Tang Template:Lang Da Yi Template:Lang	Zi Lü Template:Lang	Template:Floruit	Template:FloruitTemplate:Sfn	Defeated the purportedly tyrannous Jie of Xia at the Battle of Mingtiao and established the Shang dynasty	Bo, then Shangyi	Traditionally considered a noble and virtuous rulerTemplate:Sfn
Da Ding (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang Tai Ding (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	unknown	–	–	Son of Tang	–	Uncertain whether he was ever enthroned; may have died before succeeding his fatherTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Wai Bing Template:Lang	Zi Sheng Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tang	Bo	—Template:Sfn
Zhong Ren (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Zi Yong Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tang	Bo	Not listed in the oracle bones inscriptionsTemplate:Sfn
Tai Jia Template:Lang	Zi Zhi Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Da Ding	Bo	Traditionally considered an autocratic and cruel rulerTemplate:Sfn
Wo Ding (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang Qiang Ding Template:Lang	Zi Xuan Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Jia	Bo	His name is not found in oracle bone inscriptions, making his certainty as a ruler less secure.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Tai Geng Template:Lang Da Geng Template:Lang	Zi Bian Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Jia	Bo	–Template:Sfn
Xiao Jia Template:Lang	Zi Gao Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Geng	Bo	–Template:Sfn
Yong Ji Template:Lang	Zi Zhou Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Geng	Bo	May have reigned after Tai WuTemplate:Sfn
Tai Wu Template:Lang Da Wu Template:Lang	Zi Mi Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Geng	Bo	Said to have had a particularly long reign; one source records 75 years. The astronomer Wuxian was active under himTemplate:Sfn
Zhong Ding Template:Lang	Zi Zhung Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Wu	Ao	May have succeeded Yong JiTemplate:Sfn
Wai Ren Template:Lang	Zi Fā Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Wu	Ao	–Template:Sfn
He Dan Jia Template:Lang	Zi Zheng Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Tai Wu	Xiang	Moved the capital to Xiang (Template:Lang) and engaged in military campaignsTemplate:Sfn
Zu Yi Template:Lang	Zi Teng Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Zhong Ding	Geng	The dynasty flourished particularly during his reignTemplate:Sfn
Zu Xin Template:Lang	Zi Dan Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Zu Yi	Bi	–Template:Sfn
Wo Jia Template:Lang Qiang Jia Template:Lang	Zi Yu Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Zu Yi	Bi	–Template:Sfn
Zu Ding Template:Lang	Zi Xin Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Zu Xin	Bi	–Template:Sfn
Nan Geng Template:Lang	Zi Geng Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Wo Jia	Bi, then Yan	Moved the capital from Bi (Template:Lang) to Yan (Template:Lang)Template:Sfn
Yang Jia Template:Lang	Zi He Template:Lang	—	—	Son of Zu Ding	Yan	His reign marked the decline of the ShangTemplate:Sfn
Pan Geng Template:Lang	Zi Xun Template:Lang	1300–1251 (Template:Age in years years)	—	Son of Zu Ding	Yan, then Yin	Traditionally said to have moved the dynasty's capital from Yan (Template:Lang) to Yin (Template:Lang)Template:Sfn Led a prosperous reignTemplate:Sfn
Xiao Xin Template:Lang	Zi Song Template:Lang		—	Son of Zu Ding	Yin	His reign saw the continuation of the Shang's declineTemplate:Sfn
Xiao Yi Template:Lang	Zi Lian Template:Lang		—	Son of Zu Ding	Yin	–Template:Sfn
Late Shang
Wu Ding Template:Lang	Zi Zhao Template:Lang	1250–1192 (Template:Age in years years)	?–1189	Son of Xiao Yi	Yin	A powerful king with a lengthy reign. Made his wife Fu Hao the a military general and is purportedly defeated the mostly-unknown Guifang people.Template:Sfn The first ruler whose name is included in oracle bones which date to his reign.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Zu Geng Template:Lang	Zi Yue Template:Lang	1191–1148 (Template:Age in years years)	1188–1178 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wu Ding	Yin	Possibly commissioned the Houmuwu ding in memory of his mother Fu JingTemplate:SfnpTemplate:SfnTemplate:Efn
Zu Jia Template:Lang	Zi Zai Template:Lang		1177–1158 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wu Ding	Yin	Reformed the ritual and calendar systems, as recording in the Book of DocumentsTemplate:Sfn
Lin Xin (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Zi Xian Template:Lang	1157–1149 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Zu Jia	Yin	Due to inconsistencies in the oracle bone inscriptions, it is possible he did not reign.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Geng Ding Template:Lang Kang Ding Template:Lang	Zi Xiao Template:Lang	1148–1132 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Zu Jia	Yin	His reign accelerated the dynasty's declineTemplate:Sfn
Wu Yi Template:Lang	Zi Qu Template:Lang	1147–1131 (Template:Age in years years)	1131–1117 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Geng Ding	Yin, Hebei, then Mo	Engaged in numerous military campaigns, including against the state of Yiqu. Traditionally held to have been killed by a lightning strike, considered a bad omenTemplate:Sfn
Wen Wu Ding Template:Lang Wen Ding Template:Lang	Zi Tuo Template:Lang	1112–1102 (Template:Age in years years)	1116–1106 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wu Yi	Yin	The Predynastic Zhou rose in power during his reign, led by Ji, King of ZhouTemplate:Sfn
Di Yi Template:Lang	Zi Xian Template:Lang	1101–1076 (Template:Age in years years)	1105–1087 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wen Wu Ding	Yin	Supposedly married his daughter to King Wen of Zhou,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn or married his sister to Ji, King of ZhouTemplate:Sfn
Di Xin Template:Lang	Zi Shou Template:Lang	1075–1046 (Template:Age in years years)	1086–1045 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Di Yi	Yin	Killed by Ji Fa during the Battle of MuyeTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE)

Zhou dynasty (周; c. 1046–256 BCE)

Posthumous nameTemplate:Sfn	Personal name	Tentative reign (BCE)		Traditional successionTemplate:Sfn	Purported life details
		XSZ ProjectTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn	Template:AbbrTemplate:Sfn
Western Zhou
Wu Template:Lang	Ji Fa Template:Lang	1046–1043 (Template:Age in years years)	1049–1043 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of King Wen	Defeated the tyrannical King Zhou of Shang in the Battle of MuyeTemplate:Sfn
Cheng Template:Lang	Ji Song Template:Lang	1042–1021 (Template:Age in years years)	1042–1006 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wu	Most of his reign was controlled by the Duke of Zhou, who suppressed the Rebellion of the Three GuardsTemplate:Sfn
Kang Template:Lang	Ji Zhao Template:Lang	1020–996 (Template:Age in years years)	1005–978 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Cheng	His accession established Zhou primogeniture. A largely peaceful reignTemplate:Sfn
Zhao Template:Lang	Ji Xia Template:Lang	995–977 (Template:Age in years years)	977–957 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Kang	Lost the Zhou–Chu War, during which he died. His reign marked the Zhou's gradual declineTemplate:Sfn
Mu Template:Lang	Ji Man Template:Lang	976–922 (Template:Age in years years)	956–918 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Zhao	Engaged in many destabilizing territory conflictsTemplate:Sfn
Gong Template:Lang	Ji Yihu Template:Lang	922–900 (Template:Age in years years)	917–900 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Mu	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfn
Yih Template:Lang	Ji Jian Template:Lang	899–892 (Template:Age in years years)	899–873 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Gong	Little is known of his reign; may have been removed from power by XiaoTemplate:Sfn
Xiao Template:Lang	Ji Pifang Template:Lang	891–886 (Template:Age in years years)	872–866 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Mu	Little is known of his reignTemplate:Sfn
Yí Template:Lang	Ji Xie Template:Lang	885–878 (Template:Age in years years)	865–858 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Yih	Continued decline of the ZhouTemplate:Sfn
Li Template:Lang	Ji Hu Template:Lang	877–841 (Template:Age in years years)	857–842 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Yí	Traditionally considered a corrupt and cruel ruler. Exiled amid a peasant rebellionTemplate:Sfn
Gonghe Regency (共和; 841–828)Template:Sfn
Xuan Template:Lang	Ji Jing Template:Lang	827–782		Son of Li	Had military successes, aiming to restore Zhou authorityTemplate:Sfn
You Template:Lang	Ji Gongnie Template:Lang	781–771 (Template:Age in years years)	782–771 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Xuan	Numerous natural disasters occurred, after which Quanrong him and overran the capitalTemplate:Sfn
Eastern Zhou
Spring and Autumn period (春秋時代; 770–476 BCE)
Ping Template:Lang	Ji Yijiu Template:Lang	770–720 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of You	Moved the capital to LuoyangTemplate:Sfn
Huan Template:Lang	Ji Lin Template:Lang	719–697 (Template:Age in years years)		Grandson of Ping	Defeated by the Duke of Zheng at the Battle of Xuge, accelerating the Zhou dynasty's decline in powerTemplate:Sfn
Zhuang Template:Lang	Ji Tuo Template:Lang	696–682 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Huan	Royal court's authority began decliningTemplate:Sfn
Xi Template:Lang	Ji Huqi Template:Lang	681–677 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Zhuang	Briefly reigned as the Duke Huan led the Qi to surpass the Zhou in powerTemplate:Sfn
Hui Template:Lang	Ji Lang Template:Lang	676–652 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Xi	Slowed the Chu state's riseTemplate:Sfn
Xiang Template:Lang	Ji Zheng Template:Lang	651–619 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Hui	Briefly deposed by his brother, but reinstated by Duke WenTemplate:Sfn
Qing Template:Lang	Ji Renchen Template:Lang	618–613 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Xiang	Briefly reignedTemplate:Sfn
Kuang Template:Lang	Ji Ban Template:Lang	612–607 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Qing	Increasing fighting between surrounding kingdomsTemplate:Sfn
Ding Template:Lang	Ji Yu Template:Lang	606–586 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Qing	Continued fighting of surrounding kingdomsTemplate:Sfn
Jian Template:Lang	Ji Yi Template:Lang	585–572 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Ding	Continued fighting of surrounding kingdomsTemplate:Sfn
Ling Template:Lang	Ji Xiexin Template:Lang	571–545 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Jian	Weakened relations with surrounding kingdomsTemplate:Sfn
Jing Template:Lang	Ji Gui Template:Lang	544–521 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Ling	Died without an heir, causing a power struggle and rebellionTemplate:Sfn
Dao Template:Lang	Ji Meng Template:Lang	520 (less than a year)		Son of Jing (544–521)	Briefly ruled before being murdered by his brotherTemplate:Sfn
Jing Template:Lang	Ji Gai Template:Lang	519–476 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Jing (544–521)	Briefly exiled during a revolt. Ruled during the lifetime of ConfuciusTemplate:Sfn
Warring States period (戰國時代; 475–221 BCE)
Yuan Template:Lang	Ji Ren Template:Lang	475–469 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Jing (519–476)	Decline in Zhou's powerTemplate:Sfn
Zhending Template:Lang	Ji Jie Template:Lang	468–442 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Yuan	Continued decline of ZhouTemplate:Sfn
Ai Template:Lang	Ji Quji Template:Lang	441 (less than a year)		Son of Zhending	Continued decline of Zhou. Killed by SiTemplate:Sfn
Si Template:Lang	Ji Shu Template:Lang	441 (less than a year)		Son of Zhending	Continued decline of Zhou. Killed by KaoTemplate:Sfn
Kao Template:Lang	Ji Wei Template:Lang	440–426 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Zhending	–Template:Sfn
Weilie Template:Lang	Ji Wu Template:Lang	425–402 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Kao	–Template:Sfn
An Template:Lang	Ji Jiao Template:Lang	401–376 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Weilie	Wei increased in powerTemplate:Sfn
Lie Template:Lang	Ji Xi Template:Lang	375–369 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of An	–Template:Sfn
Xian Template:Lang	Ji Bian Template:Lang	368–321 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of An	Qin began to rise in powerTemplate:Sfn
Shenjing Template:Lang	Ji Ding Template:Lang	320–315 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Xian	Qin's power grew significantly during his reignTemplate:Sfn
Nan Template:Lang	Ji Yan Template:Lang	314–256 (Template:Age in years years)		Son of Shenjing	Longest reigning Zhou ruler, though held little power amid the divided kingdom. Conquered and deposed by King Zhaoxiang of QinTemplate:Sfn

Early imperial China

Qin dynasty (221–207 BCE)

Qin dynasty (秦朝; 221–207 BCE)Template:Sfnm

Dynastic name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Qin Shi HuangTemplate:Efn Template:Lang	Ying Zheng Template:Lang Zhao Zheng Template:Lang	221Template:Efn – July 210 BCETemplate:Efn (11 years)	Son of King Zhuangxiang of Qin. As King Zheng of Qin, he conquered the six other states during the Warring States period and proclaimed himself Emperor (皇帝; Huangdi).Template:Sfn	259 – July 210 BCE (Template:Age in years years) Instilled a Legalist philosophy, combined preexisting walls into the Great Wall of China, and built the Lingqu canal and the Terracotta Army. Died of sudden illness,Template:Sfn possibly alchemical elixir poisoningTemplate:Sfn
Qin Er ShiTemplate:Efn Template:Lang	Ying Huhai Template:Lang	210Template:Efn – October 207 BCE (3 years)	Second son of Qin Shi Huang. Put on the throne by Li Si and Zhao Gao, who forced the appointed heir Fusu to commit suicide.Template:Sfn	231/222 – October 207 BCE (Template:Age in years/Template:Age in years years) His reign was completely dominated by Zhao Gao. Forced by Zhao to commit suicideTemplate:Sfn
As the Qin dynasty greatly weakened in power, the Chu–Han Contention began in 206 BCE and ended with Liu Bang inaugurating the Han dynasty in 202 BCETemplate:Efn

Han and Xin dynasties (202 BCE – 220 CE)

Han (漢朝; 202 BCE – 9 CE; 25–220 CE) and Xin (新; 9–23 CE) dynasties

Posthumous name	Personal name	ReignTemplate:Sfnm	Succession	Life details
Western Han (202 BCE – 9 CE)
Gaozu Template:Lang Gao Template:Lang	Liu Bang Template:Lang	28 February 202Template:Efn– 1 June 195 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days)	Unified China and proclaimed himself Emperor after victory in the Chu–Han Contention	256 – 1 June 195 BCE (aged 61) Among the most revered Chinese emperors. Died from an arrow injury in a campaign against Ying BuTemplate:Sfnm
Hui Template:Lang	Liu Ying Template:Lang	23 June 195 – 26 September 188 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days)	Son of Gao	210 – 26 September 188 BCE (aged 22) His reign was largely dominated by his mother Empress Lü. Died from an unknown illnessTemplate:Sfnm
QianshaoTemplate:Efn (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Liu Gong Template:Lang	19 October 188 – 15 June 184 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days)	Purportedly a son of HuiTemplate:Efn	? – after 184 BCE An infant emperor whose reign was completely dominated by Empress Lü. Deposed and put under house arrest; unknown date of death after 184Template:Sfnm
HoushaoTemplate:Efn (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Liu Yi Template:Lang Liu Hong Template:Lang	15 June 184 – 15 August 180 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days)	Purportedly a son of HuiTemplate:Efn	? – 14 November 180 An infant emperor whose reign was completely dominated by Empress Lü. Put to death by the House of LüTemplate:Sfnm
Wen Template:Lang	Liu Heng Template:Lang	14 November 180 – 6 July 157 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gao	203/202 – 6 July 157 BCE (aged 46) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Jing Template:Lang	Liu Qi Template:Lang	14 July 157 – 10 March 141 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wen	188 – 10 March 141 BCE (aged 47) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Wu Template:Lang	Liu Che Template:Lang	10 March 141 – 29 March 87 BCETemplate:Efn (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Jing	157/156 – 29 March 87 BCETemplate:Efn (aged 69) Among the longest reigning and highly regarded Chinese emperors. Expanded the Han dynasty considerably. Died from an unknown illnessTemplate:Sfnm
Zhao Template:Lang	Liu Fuling Template:Lang	30 March 87 – 5 June 74 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wu	94 – 5 June 74 BCE (aged 20) Died from natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
None, known as Marquis of Haihun (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Liu He Template:Lang	18 July – 14 August 74 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days)	Grandson of Wu	92–59 BCE (aged 32–33) Briefly installed by Huo Guang and not often considered legitimate. Died from natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Xuan Template:Lang	Liu Bingyi Template:Lang Liu Xun Template:Lang	10 September 74 – 10 January 48 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-grandson Wu	91 – 10 January 48 BCE (aged 43) His reign is sometimes considered a cultural and political 'renaissance'. Died from natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Yuan Template:Lang	Liu Shi Template:Lang	29 January 48 – 3 July 33 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuan	75 – 8 July 33 BCE (aged 42) Died from an unknown illnessTemplate:Sfnm
Cheng Template:Lang	Liu Ao Template:Lang	4 August 33 – 17 April 7 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yuan	51 – 17 April 7 BCE (aged 44) Died from a stroke or possibly complications from an aphrodisiac overdoseTemplate:Sfnm
Ai Template:Lang	Liu Xin Template:Lang	7 May 7 – 15 August 1 BCE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Yuan	27 – 15 August 1 BCE (aged 26) Died from an unknown illnessTemplate:Sfnm
Ping Template:Lang	Liu Kan Template:Lang	17 October 1 BCE – 3 February 6 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Yuan	9 BCE – 3 February 6 CE (aged 14) His reign was dominated by Wang Zhengjun and Wang Mang. He was murdered, possibly by orders from the latter.Template:Sfnm
None, known as Ruzi Ying (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Liu Ying Template:Lang	17 April 6 – 10 January 9 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Cousin-once-removed of Ping	5 – 25 CE (aged 20) A child puppet of Wang Mang; often not considered legitimate. He later attempted to succeed the Gengshi Emperor, but was killed by himTemplate:Sfnm
Xin dynasty (9–23 CE)
—	Wang Mang Template:Lang	10 January 9 – 6 October 23 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	After dominating the reign of Emperor Ping, Wang Mang overthrew him and established the short-lived Xin dynasty	46 BCE – 6 October 23 CE (aged 68) Established the Xin dynasty, but his drastic reforms incited the Red Eyebrows and Lulin peasant rebellions which collapsed the dynasty.Template:Sfnm
Gengshi Emperor (23–25 CE)
None, known by his era: Gengshi (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Liu Xuan Template:Lang	11 March 23 – November 25 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Descendant of Jing	? – November 25 CE Strangled on the orders of Template:Ill, a leader of the Red Eyebrows. Sometimes considered a pretender and illegitimateTemplate:Sfn
Eastern Han (25–220 CE)
Guangwu Template:Lang	Liu Xiu Template:Lang	5 August 25 – 29 March 57 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Descendant of Jing	15 January 5 BCE – 29 March 57 CE (aged 62) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Ming Template:Lang	Liu Yang Template:Lang Liu Zhuang Template:Lang	29 March 57 – 5 September 75 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Guangwu	28 – 5 September 75 CE (aged 48) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Zhang Template:Lang	Liu Da Template:Lang	5 September 75 – 9 April 88 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Ming	56 – 9 April 88 CE (aged 32) His reign marked the beginning of the Han's decline. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
He Template:Lang	Liu Zhao Template:Lang	9 April 88 – 13 February 106 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhang	79 – 13 February 106 (aged 27) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Shang Template:Lang	Liu Long Template:Lang	13 February – 21 September 106 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of He	105 – 21 September 106 (aged 4) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
An Template:Lang	Liu Hu Template:Lang Liu You Template:Lang	23 September 106 – 30 April 125 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Zhang	94 – 30 April 125 (aged 32) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
None, known as Marquess of Beixiang (Template:Hash-tag) Template:Lang	Liu Yi Template:Lang	18 May – 10 December 125 CETemplate:Efn (Template:Age in years, months and days)	Grandson of Emperor Zhang	?–125 CE Briefly reigned, probably as a child; often not considered legitimate. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn
Shun Template:Lang	Liu Bao Template:Lang	16 December 125 – 20 September 144 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of An	115 – 20 September 144 CE (aged 29) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Chong Template:Lang	Liu Bing Template:Lang	20 September 144 – 15 February 145 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shun	143 – 15 February 145 CE (aged 2) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Zhi Template:Lang	Liu Zuan Template:Lang	6 March 145 – 26 July 146 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Cousin of Chong and great-grandson of Emperor Zhang	138 – 26 July 146 CE (aged 7–8) His reign was dominated by Liang Ji, who may have poisoned him. Otherwise he died from food poisoningTemplate:Sfnm
Huan Template:Lang	Liu Zhi Template:Lang	1 August 146 – 25 January 168 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-grandson of Zhang	132 – 25 January 168 CE (aged 36) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Ling Template:Lang	Liu Hong Template:Lang	17 February 168 – 13 May 189 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-great-grandson of Zhang	156 – 13 May 189 CE (aged 32–33) Died of an unknown illnessTemplate:Sfnm
Prince of Hongnong (Template:Hash-tag)   Template:Lang	Liu Bian Template:Lang	15 May – 28 September 189 CE (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Ling	173/176 – 22 March 190 CE (aged 13–14) Briefly reigned as a child; often not considered legitimate. Poisoned by Dong ZhuoTemplate:Sfn
Xian Template:Lang	Liu Xie Template:Lang	28 September 189 – 11 December 220Template:Efn (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Ling	2 April 181 – 21 April 234 (aged 53) A puppet of Dong Zhuo and later Cao Cao. Forced to abdicate by Cao Pi, but spared. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Cao Cao is defeated at the Battle of Red Cliffs by Sun Quan and Liu Bei, preventing him from uniting seceded southern Han territory. The region becomes split into three competing powers: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han.Template:Sfnm

Six Dynasties

Three Kingdoms (220–280)

Cao Wei (220–266)

Cao Wei (曹魏; 220–266)

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Cao Pi Template:Lang	Emperor Wen Template:Lang	11 December 220 – 29 June 226 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	The eldest surviving son of Cao Cao. Inherited what lands the Eastern Han dynasty still controlled to found the Cao Wei state	187 – 29 June 226 (aged 38–39) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Cao Rui Template:Lang	Emperor Ming Template:Lang	29 June 226 – 22 January 239 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Cao Pi and grandson of Cao Cao	Template:Circa – 22 January 239 (aged 34–35) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Cao Fang Template:Lang	Emperor Shao Template:Lang Emperor Fei Template:Lang	22 January 239 – 16 October 254 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Adopted heir by Cao Rui, who had no sons of his own. He was presumably related to the imperial family in some way	231–274 (aged 42–43) His reign was completely dominated by Cao Shuang, Sima Yi and Sima Shi, the latter of which eventually deposed Cao Fang. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Cao Mao Template:Lang	Duke of Gaogui District Template:Lang	2 November 254 – 2 June 260 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	The cousin of Cao Fang and grandson of Cao Pi. Put on the throne by Sima Shi	Template:Circa – 9 July 260 (aged 18–19) His reign was completely dominated by Sima Shi and Sima Zhao. Died in a failed coup to regain power from Sima ZhaoTemplate:Sfnm
Cao Huan Template:Lang	Emperor Yuan Template:Lang	27 July 260 – 4 February 266 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Cao Cao and the first cousin once-removed of Cao Mao	245–302 (aged 56–57) His reign was completely dominated by Sima Zhao and Sima Yan. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Shu Han (221–263)

Shu Han (蜀漢; 221–263)

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Liu Bei Template:Lang	Emperor Zhaolie Template:Lang	15 May 221 – 10 June 223 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Claimed to descend from Emperor Jing of Han. Conquered the Yi Province to found the Shu Han state	161 – 10 June 223 (aged 61–62) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Shan Template:Lang	Emperor Xiaohuai Template:Lang	June 223 – December 263 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	The son of Liu Bei	207–271 (aged 63–64) Abdicated after the fall on the Shu capital of Chengdu in 263.Template:Sfnm

Eastern Wu (222–280)

Eastern Wu (東吳; 222–280)

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Sun Quan Template:Lang	Emperor Da Template:Lang	23 May 229 – May 252 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	The son of Sun Jian; inherited the conquests of his brother Sun Ce. Proclaimed "King of Wu" in 221 and later "Emperor" in 229	182–252 (aged 69–70) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Sun Liang Template:Lang	Emperor Fei Template:Lang	May 252 – 9 November 258 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Sun Quan	243–260 (aged 16–17) His reign was completely dominated by three successive regents: Zhuge Ke, Sun Jun and Sun Chen. He was later deposed and died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Sun Xiu Template:Lang	Emperor Jing Template:Lang	30 November 258 – 3 September 264 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Sun Quan	235–264 (aged 28–29) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Sun Hao Template:Lang	Emperor Mo Template:Lang	3 September 264 – 1 May 280 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Sun He, former heir apparent to Sun Quan	241–283 (aged 41–42) Eastern Wu was conquered by Sima Yan in 280. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn

Jin dynasty (266–420)

Jin dynasty (晉朝; 266–420)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Western Jin (266–316)
Emperor Wu Template:Lang	Sima Yan Template:Lang	8 February 266 – 16 May 290 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Prince Sima Zhao, proclaimed emperor after the abdication of Cao Huan of Wei. He unified China after conquering Eastern Wu in 280	236–290 (aged 53–54) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Hui Template:Lang	Sima Zhong Template:Lang	16 May 290 – 8 January 307 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wu, ruled under the regency of his wife, Jia Nanfeng, until her death in 300 CE	259–307 (aged 47–48) Possibly mentally unstable, his reign was marked by the disastrous War of the Eight Princes. He was poisoned by Sima YueTemplate:Sfnm
—	Sima Lun Template:Lang	3 February – 30 May 301 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Prince of Zhao and son of Sima Yi, briefly usurped power from Emperor Hu	One of the infamous Eight Princes; often seen as an usurper. He was forced to commit suicide by Princes Jiong, Ying and YongTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Huai Template:Lang	Sima Chi Template:Lang	8 January 307 – 14 March 311 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Emperor Hui	284–313 (aged 30–31) His reign, dominated by Sima Yue, saw widespread ethnic rebellions. He was deposed and killed by the Han-ZhaoTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Min Template:Lang	Sima Ye Template:Lang	14 March 313 – 7 February 316 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Emperor Huai, proclaimed emperor in Chang'an after the fall of Luoyang to the Five Barbarians.	300 – 7 February 316 (aged 15–16) Killed by Liu Cong of Han-ZhaoTemplate:Sfnm
Eastern Jin (318–420)
Emperor Yuan Template:Lang	Sima Rui Template:Lang	26 April 318 – 3 January 323 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-grandson of Sima Yi, proclaimed himself emperor with the help of Wang Dun in Jiankang after the fall of Chang'an.	276 – 323 (aged 47) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Ming Template:Lang	Sima Shao Template:Lang	3 January 323 – 18 October 325 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Yuan	299 – 325 (aged 26) His reign was dominated by Wang Dao and antagonized by Wang Dun. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Cheng Template:Lang	Sima Yan Template:Lang	19 October 325 – 26 July 342 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Ming, ruled initially under the regency of Yu Wenjun	321 – 342 (aged 21) Dominated by Yu Liang, he was briefly deposed in 328 by rebel Su Jun. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Kang Template:Lang	Sima Yue Template:Lang	27 July 342 – 17 November 344 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Ming	322 – 344 (aged 22) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Mu Template:Lang	Sima Dan Template:Lang	18 November 344 – 10 July 361 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Kang, "ruled" under the regency of Empress Dowager Chu until 357	343 – 361 (aged 18) The youngest Chinese emperor.Template:Efn Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Ai Template:Lang	Sima Pi Template:Lang	13 July 361 – 30 March 365 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Cheng, reigned alongside Empress Dowager Chu	341 – 365 (aged 24) Died of drug poisoningTemplate:Sfnm
none, known as: Emperor FeiTemplate:Efn Template:Lang	Sima Yi Template:Lang	31 March 365 – 6 January 372 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Cheng	342 – 386 (aged 44) Deposed by Huan Wen, later dying of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Jianwen Template:Lang	Sima Yu Template:Lang	6 January – 19 August 372 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Yuan and great-great-grandson of Sima Yi, enthroned by Huan Wen	320 – 372 (aged 52) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xiaowu Template:Lang	Sima Yao Template:Lang	19 August 372 – 6 November 396 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Jianwen	362 – 396 (aged 34) His army's defeat of the Former Qin army at the Battle of Fei River led to the eventual collapse of the Former Qin. Killed by a jealous concubineTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor An Template:Lang	Sima Dezong Template:Lang	7 November 396 – 28 January 419 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Xiaowu	382/3 – 419 (aged 36–37) Dominated by Sima Daozi, Huan Xuan and Liu Yu, he was killed by the latterTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Gong Template:Lang	Sima Dewen Template:Lang	28 January 419 – 5 July 420 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Xiaowu	386 – 12 November 421 (aged 35) Abdicated in favor of Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of Song), later assassinatedTemplate:Sfnm

Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)

Cheng Han (成漢; 304–347)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Li Xiong Template:Lang	Emperor Wu Template:Lang	304–334 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of rebel Li Te, proclaimed himself King in 304 and then Emperor in 306	274–334 (aged 59–60) Died of diseaseTemplate:Sfnm
Li Ban Template:Lang	Emperor Ai Template:Lang	334 (less than a year)	Nephew of Li Xiong	274–334 (aged 59–60) Killed by Li QiTemplate:Sfnm
Li Qi Template:Lang	Duke You Template:Lang	334–338 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Li Xiong	314–338 (aged 23–24) Committed suicideTemplate:Sfnm
Li Shou Template:Lang	Emperor Xiaowen Template:Lang	338–343 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Li Te, usurped power from Li Qi and renamed the state from "Cheng” to “Han”	300–343 (aged 42–43) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Li Shi Template:Lang	Marquess of Guiyi Template:Lang	343–347 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Li Shou	Abdicated to Huan Wen after the fall of Cheng in 347. Died of natural causes in 361 in the Eastern Jin capitalTemplate:Sfnm

Han-Zhao (漢趙; 304–319) / Former Zhao (前趙; 319–329)Template:Sfnm

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Liu Yuan Template:Lang	Emperor Guangwen Template:Lang	304–310 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Rebelled against the Jin dynasty. Proclaimed himself King of Han in 304 and Emperor in 308	Template:Circa 250–310 (aged approx. 60) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn
Liu He Template:Lang	–	310 (less than a year)	Son of Liu Yuan	Killed by his brother Liu CongTemplate:Sfn
Liu Cong Template:Lang	Emperor Zhaowu Template:Lang	310–318 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Liu Yuan	Died of natural causes in 318Template:Sfn
Liu Can Template:Lang	Emperor Yin Template:Lang	318 (less than a year)	Son of Liu Cong	Killed by officer Jin Zhun in 318Template:Sfn
Liu Yao Template:Lang	–	318–329 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Liu Yuan, changed the dynastic title from "Han" to "Zhao"	Ended the Western Jin in 316. Captured and killed by Shi Le of Later ZhaoTemplate:Sfn

Later Zhao (後趙; 319–351)

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Shi Le Template:Lang	Emperor Ming Template:Lang	319–333 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Rebelled with Ji Sang during the War of the Eight Princes. Proclaimed himself King of Zhao in 319 and then Emperor in 330	374–333 (aged 58–59) Ended the Former Zhao in 329. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Hong Template:Lang	–	333–334 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shi Le	313–334 (aged 20–21) Deposed and killed by Shi HuTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Hu Template:Lang	Emperor Wu Template:Lang	334–349 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Shi Le, usurped power from Shi Hong in 334. Ruled as Heavenly King until 349	295–349 (aged 53–54) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Shi Template:Lang	–	349 (less than a year)	Son of Shi Hu	339–349 (aged 9–10) MurderedTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Zun Template:Lang	–	349 (less than a year)	Son of Shi Hu	Killed by Ran MinTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Jian Template:Lang	–	349–350 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shi Hu, enthroned by Ran Min	Killed by Ran MinTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Zhi Template:Lang	–	350–351 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shi Hu	Gave up the imperial title in 351, later killed by a subordinate officerTemplate:Sfnm

Former Liang (前涼; 320–376)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Zhang Mao Template:Lang	Duke Cheng Template:Lang	320–324 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of governor Zhang Gui	377–324 (aged 52–53) Made vassal of Former Zhao in 323. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Zhang Jun Template:Lang	Duke Zhongcheng Template:Lang	324–346 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of governor Zhang Shi	307–346 (aged 38–39) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Zhang Chonghua Template:Lang	Duke Huan Template:Lang	346–353 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Zhang Jun, didn't assume the dynastic title until 349	327–353 (aged 25–26) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Zhang Yaoling Template:Lang	Duke Ai Template:Lang	353 (less than a year)	Son of Zhang Chonghua	344–355 (aged 25–26) Killed by Zhang ZuoTemplate:Sfnm
Zhang Zuo Template:Lang	King Wei Template:Lang	354–355 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhang Jun	Discontinued the use of Western Jin era names before being killed in 355Template:Sfnm
Zhang Xuanjing Template:Lang	Duke Chong Template:Lang	355–363 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhang Chonghua	350–363 (aged 12–13) Killed by Zhang TianxiTemplate:Sfnm
Zhang Tianxi Template:Lang	Duke Dao Template:Lang	363–376 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhang Jun	346–406 (aged 59–60) Surrendered to the Former Qin, later dying of natural causes in Eastern JinTemplate:Sfnm

Former Yan (前燕; 337–370)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Murong Huang Template:Lang	Emperor Wenming Template:Lang	337–348 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of governor Murong Hui, proclaimed himself Prince of Yan in 337. Remained loyal to the Jin	297–348 (aged 50–51) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Murong Jun Template:Lang	Emperor Jingzhao Template:Lang	348–360 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Murong Huang, proclaimed himself Emperor in 352	319–360 (aged 38–39) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Murong Wei Template:Lang	Emperor You Template:Lang	360–370 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Murong Jun, ruled under the regency of Murong Ping	350–384 (aged 33–34) Captured by Former Qin in 370, executed by Fu Jiān in 384 after a failed coupTemplate:Sfnm

Former Qin (前秦; 351–394)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Fu Jiàn Template:Lang	Emperor Jingming Template:Lang	351–355 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Prince Hong, leader of the Di. Proclaimed Heavenly King and Great Chanyu after Hong's murder in 351, became Emperor in 352	307 or 317–355 (aged 48 or 38) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Fu Sheng Template:Lang	Prince Li Template:Lang	355–357 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Fu Jiàn	335–357 (aged 22) Killed by his cousinTemplate:Sfnm
Fu Jiān Template:Lang	Emperor Xuanzhao Template:Lang	357–385 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Fu Hong, ruled as Heavenly King	338–385 (aged 47) Conquered Former Yan, Former Liang, and Dai. Killed by Yao Chang.Template:Sfnm
Fu Pi Template:Lang	Emperor Aiping Template:Lang	385–386 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Fu Jiān	Defeated by Murong Yong of Western Yan, later killed by the Eastern Jin armyTemplate:Sfnm
Fu Deng Template:Lang	Emperor Gao Template:Lang	386–394 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Grandnephew of Fu Jiān	343–394 (aged 51) Killed by Yao Xing of Later QinTemplate:Sfnm
Fu Chong Template:Lang	–	394 (less than a year) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Fu Deng	Killed by Qifu Qiangui of Western QinTemplate:Sfnm

Later Yan (後燕; 384–409)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Murong Chui Template:Lang	Emperor Wucheng Template:Lang	384–396 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Prince Murong Huang of Former Yan, reestablished his kingdom after the Battle of Fei River	326–396 (aged 70) Conquered Western Yan in 394Template:Sfnm
Murong Bao Template:Lang	Emperor Huimin Template:Lang	396–398 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Murong Chui	355–398 (aged 43) Killed by the usurper Lan HanTemplate:Sfnm
Murong Sheng Template:Lang	Emperor Zhaowu Template:Lang	398–401 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Murong Bao, came to power after killing Lan Han	373–401 (aged 28) Killed by general Duan JiTemplate:Sfnm
Murong Xi Template:Lang	Emperor Zhaowen Template:Lang	401–407 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Murong Chui	385–407 (aged 22) Killed by Feng BaTemplate:Sfnm

Later Qin (後秦; 384–417)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Yao Chang Template:Lang	Emperor Wuzhao Template:Lang	384–393 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed King after the Battle of Fei River, then Emperor after killing Fu Jiān of Former Qin	343–394 (aged 51) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Yao Xing Template:Lang	Emperor Wenhuan Template:Lang	394–416 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yao Chang	366–416 (aged 50) Conquered Former Qin and Later Liang. Favored Buddhism and Taoism.Template:Sfnm
Yao Hong Template:Lang	–	416–417 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yao Xing	388–417 (aged 29) Executed by the Eastern JinTemplate:Sfnm

Western Qin (西秦; 385–400, 409–431)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Qifu Guoren Template:Lang	Prince Xuanlie Template:Lang	385–388 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Former general of Former Qin	Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Qifu Gangui Template:Lang	Prince Wuyuan Template:Lang	388–412 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Qifu Guoren	Surrendered to Later Qin in 400, reclaimed the throne in 409. Killed by his nephewTemplate:Sfnm
Qifu Chipan Template:Lang	Prince Wenzhao Template:Lang	412–428 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Qifu Gangui	Conquered Southern Liang in 414Template:Sfnm
Qifu Mumo Template:Lang	–	428–431 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Qifu Chipan	Killed by the XiaTemplate:Sfnm

Later Liang (後涼; 386–403)Template:Sfnm

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Lü Guang Template:Lang	Emperor Yiwu Template:Lang	386–399 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Former general of Former Qin, proclaimed himself Duke of Jiuquan in 386 and Heavenly King in 396	337–399 (aged 19) Abdicated in favor of his sonTemplate:Sfnm
Lü Shao Template:Lang	Prince Yin Template:Lang	399 (less than a year)	Son of Lü Guang	Forced to commit suicide by his brotherTemplate:Sfnm
Lü Zuan Template:Lang	Emperor Ling Template:Lang	399–401 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Lü Guang	Killed by Lü Chao, Guang's nephewTemplate:Sfnm
Lü Long Template:Lang	–	401–403 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Lü Guang	Killed by Yao Hong of Later QinTemplate:Sfnm

Southern Liang (南涼; 397–414)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Tufa Wugu Template:Lang	Prince Wu Template:Lang	397–399 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed himself Great Chanyu	Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Tufa Lilugu Template:Lang	Prince Kang Template:Lang	399–402 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Elder brother of Tufa Wugu	Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Tufa Rutan Template:Lang	Prince Jing Template:Lang	402–414 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Elder brother Tufa Lilugu	364–415 (aged 51) Captured and killed by Western QinTemplate:Sfnm

Northern Liang (北涼; 397–439)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Duan Ye Template:Lang	–	397–401 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Governor of Later Liang, proclaimed himself Prince of Liang in 397	Killed by Juqu MengxunTemplate:Sfnm
Juqu Mengxun Template:Lang	–	401–433 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Former ally of Duan Ye, proclaimed himself Duke of Zhangye	Conquered Western Liang in 421Template:Sfnm
Juqu Mujian Template:Lang	Prince Ai Template:Lang	433–439 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Juqu Mengxun	Defeated by Northern Wei, later forced to commit suicide in 449 for seditionTemplate:Sfnm

Southern Yan (南燕; 398–410)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Murong De Template:Lang	Emperor Xianwu Template:Lang	398–405 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Murong Chui of Later Yan, declared himself Prince in 398 and then Emperor in 400	336–405 (aged 69) Captured and killed by Western QinTemplate:Sfnm
Murong Chao Template:Lang	–	405–410 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Uncertain succession	385–410 (aged 25) Captured and killed by Eastern JinTemplate:Sfnm

Western Liang (西涼; 400–421)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Li Gao Template:Lang	Prince Wuzhao Template:Lang	400–417 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Governor of Dunhuang under Duan Ye of Northern Liang, declared himself Duke	351–417 (aged 66) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Li Xin Template:Lang	–	417–420 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Li Gao	Killed by Juqu Mengxun of Northern LiangTemplate:Sfnm
Li Xun Template:Lang	–	420–421 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Li Gao	Committed suicide after the fall of DunhuangTemplate:Sfnm

Helian Xia (胡夏; 407–431)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Helian Bobo Template:Lang	Emperor Wulie Template:Lang	407–425 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Subordinate of Yao Xing of Later Qin, declared himself Heavenly King in 407 and then Emperor at Chang'an in 418	381–425 (aged 44) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Helian Chang Template:Lang	–	425–428 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Helian Bobo	Executed by Northern Wei in 434Template:Sfnm
Helian Ding Template:Lang	–	428–431 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Helian Bobo	Executed by Tuyuhun in 432Template:Sfnm

Northern Yan (北燕; 407–436)Template:Sfn

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Gao Yun Template:Lang	Emperor Huiyi Template:Lang	407–409 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Adopted son of Murong Bao or Later Yan, proclaimed Heavenly King by Feng Ba	Killed by his underlingsTemplate:Sfn
Feng Ba Template:Lang	Emperor Wencheng Template:Lang	409–430 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Seized power after Yun's death	Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn
Feng Hong Template:Lang	Emperor Zhaocheng Template:Lang	430–436 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Feng Ba	Defeated by Northern Wei, later murdered in GoguryeoTemplate:Sfn

Northern and Southern Dynasties (420–589)

Northern Dynasties (420–581)

Northern Wei (北魏; 386–535)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Daowu Template:Lang	Tuoba Gui Template:Lang	20 February 386 – 409 Template:Collapsible list	Leader of the Tuoba, refounded the Dai State as Wei	371–409 (aged 39) Killed by his son Tuoba ShaoTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Mingyuan Template:Lang	Tuoba Si Template:Lang	409–423 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Daowu	392–423 (aged 31) Died of diseaseTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Taiwu Template:Lang	Tuoba Tao Template:Lang	423–452 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Mingyuan	408–452 (aged 43–44) Conquered Xia, Northern Yan and Liang. Killed by eunuch Zong AiTemplate:Sfnm
Tuoba Yu Template:Lang	Tuoba Yu Template:Lang	452 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taiwu. Put on the throne by eunuch Zong Ai	Killed by Zong AiTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Wencheng Template:Lang	Tuoba Jun Template:Lang	452–465 Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Taiwu. Ascended to the throne after the murder of Zong.	440–465 (aged 24–25) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xianwen Template:Lang	Tuoba Hong Template:Lang	465–471 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wencheng	454–476 (aged 21–22) Abdicated in favor of his son Yuan Hong, later dying of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xiaowen Template:Lang	Tuoba Hong Template:Lang Yuan Hong Template:Lang	471–499 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xianwen, ruled under the regency of Empress Dowager Feng until 470.	467–499 (aged 31–32) One of the most significant reformers in medieval China. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xuanwu Template:Lang	Yuan Ke Template:Lang	499–515 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiaowen	483–515 (aged 31–32) His reign marked the decline of WeiTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xiaoming Template:Lang	Yuan Xu Template:Lang	515–528 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuanwu	510–528 (aged 17–18) Killed in a power struggle against Empress Dowager HuTemplate:Sfnm
None, known as Youzhu of Northern Wei Template:Lang	Yuan Zhao Template:Lang	528	Enthroned by Empress Dowager Hu	526–528 (aged 2) Killed by general Erzhu RongTemplate:Sfn
Emperor Xiaozhuang Template:Lang	Yuan Ziyou Template:Lang	528–530 Template:Collapsible list	Enthroned by Erzhu Rong	507–early 531 (aged 24) Killed by general Erzhu ZhaoTemplate:Sfnm
Yuan Ye Template:Lang	Yuan Ye Template:Lang	530–531 Template:Collapsible list	Enthroned by the Erzhu Clan in opposition to Xiaozhuang	Executed in 532Template:Sfnm
Emperor Jiemin Template:Lang	Yuan Gong Template:Lang	531–532 Template:Collapsible list	Enthroned by Erzhu Shilong	498–532 (aged 33–34) Deposed and executed by Gao HuanTemplate:Sfnm
Yuan Lang Template:Lang	Yuan Lang Template:Lang	531–532 Template:Collapsible list	Enthroned by Gao Huan	513–532 (aged 19–18) Deposed and executed by Gao HuanTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xiaowu Template:Lang	Yuan Xiu Template:Lang	532–535 Template:Collapsible list	Enthroned by Gao Huan	510–early 535 (aged 25) Fled to Chang’an, where he was poisoned by Yuwen Tai of Northern ZhouTemplate:Sfnm

Eastern Wei (东魏; 534–550)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Xiaojing Template:Lang	Yuan Shanjian Template:Lang	534–550 Template:Collapsible list	Enthroned by Gao Huan	524–552 (aged 27–28) Forced to abdicate and later poisoned by Gao YangTemplate:Sfnm

Northern Qi (北齐; 550–577)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Wenxuan Template:Lang	Gao Yang Template:Lang	550–559 Template:Collapsible list	Regent of Eastern Wei, proclaimed himself emperor after deposing Emperor Xiaojing	529–559 (aged 29–30) Supposedly suffered insanity in his late reign. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Fei Template:Lang	Gao Yin Template:Lang	559–560 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wenxuan, enthroned by official Yang Yin	545–561 (aged 15–16) Forced to abdicate by his uncles Gao Yan and Gao Zhan, later executedTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xiaozhao Template:Lang	Gao Yan Template:Lang	560–561 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gao Huan, seized power through a palace coup	535–559 (aged 25–26) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Wucheng Template:Lang	Gao Zhan Template:Lang	561–565 Template:Collapsible list	Brother of Xiaozhao	537–569 (aged 31–32) Abdicated in favor of his son, later dying of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Gao Wei Template:Lang	Gao Wei Template:Lang	565–577 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wucheng, ruled under his father's regency until 569	557–577 (aged 19–20) Abdicated in favor of his son, later killed by Northern ZhouTemplate:Sfnm
Gao Heng Template:Lang	Gao Heng Template:Lang	577 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gao Wei	557–577 (aged 19–20) Abdicated in favor of his uncle Gao Jie, but was soon killed alongside himTemplate:Sfnm

Western Wei (西魏; 535–557)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Wen Template:Lang	Yuan Baoyu Template:Lang	535–551 Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei	507–551 (aged 43–44) Killed by Yuwen Tai of Northern ZhouTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Fei Template:Lang	Yuan Qin Template:Lang	551–554	Son of Emperor Wen, enthroned by Yuwen Tai	Poisoned to death by Yuwen TaiTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Gong Template:Lang	Yuan Kuo Template:Lang	554–556	Son of Emperor Wen, enthroned by Yuwen Tai	537–557 (aged 19–20) Abdicated in favor of Yuwen Jue, Tai's son. Killed shortly afterTemplate:Sfnm

Northern Zhou (北周; 557–581)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Xiaomin Template:Lang	Yuwen Jue Template:Lang	557	Son of Yuwen Tai, proclaimed himself Heavenly King under Yuwen Hu's patronage and refounded the Northern Wei State as Zhou	542–557 (aged 14–15) Poisoned to death after a failed coup against Yuwen HuTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Ming Template:Lang	Yuwen Yu Template:Lang	557–560 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yuwen Tai, ruled alongside Yuwen Hu	534–560 (aged 25–26) Poisoned to death by Yuwen HuTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Wu Template:Lang	Yuwen Yong Template:Lang	561–578 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yuwen Tai, sole ruler after deposing Yuwen Hu in 572	543–578 (aged 34–35) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xuan Template:Lang	Yuwen Yun Template:Lang	578–579 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yuwen Yong	559–580 (aged 34–35) He neglected government and abdicated in favor of his sonTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Jing Template:Lang	Yuwen Yan Template:Lang Yuwen Chan Template:Lang	579–581 Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yuwen Yun	573–581 (aged 7–8) Killed by officer Yang Jian, the future Emperor Wen of SuiTemplate:Sfnm

Southern Dynasties (420–589)

Liu Song dynasty (劉宋, 420–479)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Wu Template:Lang	Liu Yu Template:Lang	420–422 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed himself emperor after defeating Huan Xuan of Jin in 404, conquering Southern Yan in 410 and taking Later Qin in 417.	363–422 (aged 58–59) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Shao Template:Lang	Liu Yifu Template:Lang	422–424 (Template:Age in years years)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wu	406–424 (aged 17–18) Killed by officer Xu XianzhiTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Wen Template:Lang	Liu Yilong Template:Lang	424–453 (Template:Age in years years)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wu	407–453 (aged 45–46) Killed by his sonTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Shao Template:Lang	Liu Shao Template:Lang	453 (less than a year)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wen	Template:Circa 426–453 (aged c. 27) Killed by his brotherTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xiaowu Template:Lang	Liu Jun Template:Lang	453–464 (Template:Age in years years)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wen	430–464 (aged 13–14) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Qianfei Template:Lang	Liu Ziye Template:Lang	464–465 (Template:Age in years years)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Xiaowu	449–465 (aged 15–16) Killed in a conspiracyTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Ming Template:Lang	Liu Yu Template:Lang	466–472 (Template:Age in years years)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wen	439–472 (aged 15–16) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Houfei Template:Lang	Liu Yu Template:Lang	472–477 (Template:Age in years years)Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Ming	463–477 (aged 13–14) Killed by Xiao DaochengTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Shun Template:Lang	Liu Zhun Template:Lang	477–479 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Ming, enthroned by Xiao Daocheng, the future Emperor Gao of Southern Qi	467–479 (aged 13–14) Killed by Xiao DaochengTemplate:Sfnm

Southern Qi (南齊; 479–502)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Gao Template:Lang	Xiao Daocheng Template:Lang	479–482 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed himself emperor after overthrowing the Liu Song dynasty	427–482 (aged 54–55) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Wu Template:Lang	Xiao Ze Template:Lang	482–493 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Gao	440–493 (aged 54–55) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Prince of Yulin Template:Lang	Xiao Zhaoye Template:Lang	493–494 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Emperor Wu	473–494 (aged 20–21) Killed by Xiao LuanTemplate:Sfnm
Xiao Zhaowen Template:Lang	Xiao Zhaowen Template:Lang	494 (less than a year) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Xiao Zhaoye	480–494 (aged 13–14) Killed by Xiao LuanTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Ming Template:Lang	Xiao Luan Template:Lang	494–498 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Emperor Gao	452–498 (aged 45–46) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Marquess of Donghun Template:Lang	Xiao Baojuan Template:Lang	498–501 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiao Luan	483–501 (aged 17–18) Killed by his underlingsTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor He Template:Lang	Xiao Baorong Template:Lang	501–502 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiao Luan, set up in Jiangling in opposition to his brother	488–502 (aged 13–14) Deposed and killed by Xiao YanTemplate:Sfnm

Liang dynasty (梁; 502–557)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Wu Template:Lang	Xiao Yan Template:Lang	502–549 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Overthrew the Southern Qi	464–549 (aged 85) Imprisoned during the rebellion of Hou Jing, died of hungerTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Jianwen Template:Lang	Xiao Gang Template:Lang	549–551 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wu, enthroned by Hou Jing	503–551 (aged 47–48) Deposed and killed by Hou JingTemplate:Sfnm
None, known by his personal name	Xiao Dong Template:Lang	551 (less than a year) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Xiao Tong and great-grandson of Emperor Wu, enthroned by Hou Jing	503–551 (aged 47–48) Deposed by Hou Jing and killed by Xiao YiTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Yuan Template:Lang	Xiao Yi Template:Lang	552–555 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wu. Sole ruler after defeating Hou Jing in 552 and Xiao Ji in 553.	508–555 (aged 46–47) Captured and killed by Western WeiTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Min Template:Lang	Xiao Yuanming Template:Lang	555 (less than a year) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Wu, enthroned by official Wang Sengbian	Deposed by Chen Baxian, died of natural causes in 556Template:Sfnm
Emperor Jin Template:Lang	Xiao Fangzhi Template:Lang	555–557 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yuan, enthroned by Chen Baxian	543–558 (aged 14–15) Deposed and killed by Chen BaxianTemplate:Sfnm

Western Liang (西梁; 555–587)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Xuan Template:Lang	Xiao Cha Template:Lang	555–562 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiao Tong and grandson of Emperor Wu, enthroned by Western Wei	519–562 (aged 42–43) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn
Emperor Ming Template:Lang	Xiao Kui Template:Lang	562–585 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiao Cha	542–585 (aged 42–43) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn
Emperor Jing Template:Lang	Xiao Cong Template:Lang	585–587 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiao Kui	Deposed by Emperor Wen of Sui in 587, died of natural causes Template:Circa 607Template:Sfn

Chen dynasty(陳; 557–589)Template:Sfn

Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Emperor Wu Template:Lang	Chen Baxian Template:Lang	557–559 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Overthrew the Liang Dynasty	503–559 (aged 55–56) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Wen Template:Lang	Chen Qian Template:Lang	559–566 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Chen Baxian	522–566 (aged 43–44) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Fei Template:Lang	Chen Bozong Template:Lang	566–568 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Emperor Wen	554–570 (aged 15–16) Deposed by his uncleTemplate:Sfnm
Emperor Xuan Template:Lang	Chen Xu Template:Lang	569–582 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Emperor Wen	528–582 (aged 59–60) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Chen Houzhu Template:Lang	Chen Shubao Template:Lang	582–589 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Emperor Xuan	553–604 (aged 50–51) Neglect of government, he was captured by the Sui army. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Mid-imperial China

Sui dynasty (581–619)

Sui dynasty (隋朝; 581–619)

Portrait	Posthumous name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
File:Sui Wendi Tang.jpg	Wen Template:Lang	Yang Jian Template:Lang	4 March 581 – 13 August 604 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yang Zhong, Duke of Sui. Overthrew the Northern Zhou and conquered the other Chinese states	21 July 541 – 13 August 604 (aged 63) Instituted several institutional reforms and promoted Buddhism. Murdered by his sonTemplate:Sfnm
File:Sui Yangdi Tang.jpg	Yang Template:Lang	Yang Guang Template:Lang	21 August 604 – 11 April 618 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wen	569 – 11 April 618 (aged 51) Led several construction projects and military campaigns. Overthrown in a rebellion and killed by his underlingsTemplate:Sfnm
Gong Template:Lang		Yang You Template:Lang	18 December 617 – 12 June 618Template:Efn (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Wen	605 – 619 (aged 14) A puppet of Li Yuan. Deposed and later executedTemplate:Sfnm

Tang and Zhou dynasties (618–907)

Tang (唐; 618–690; 705–907) and (Wu) Zhou ((武)周; 690–705) dynasties

Portrait	Temple name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Early Tang (618–690)
File:TangGaozu.jpg	Gaozu Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Yuan Template:Lang	18 June 618 – 4 September 626 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Li Bing, Duke of Tang and officer of Northern Zhou. Claimed descent from Li Gao, founder of Western Liang	566 – 25 June 635 (aged 69) Abdicated in favor of his son following the Xuanwu Gate Incident. A fair and capable ruler, his reign is said to have started a golden age in Chinese history, although imperial propaganda often underestimated his reign to exalt that of his sonTemplate:Sfnm
File:TangTaizong- cropped.jpg	Taizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Shimin Template:Lang	4 September 626 – 10 July 649 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gaozu; named heir after the murder of Crown Prince Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident	23 January 597/99 – 10 July 649 (aged 50–52) Considered one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history, both as a conqueror and administrator. His reign saw a territorial expansion and economic growth not seen since the Han dynasty. Died after a period of prolonged illness, possibly due to alchemical elixir poisoningTemplate:Sfnm
File:Gaozong of Tang.jpg (non-contemporary)	Gaozong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Zhi Template:Lang	15 July 649 – 27 December 683 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taizong	20 July 628 – 27 December 683 (aged 55) A well-meaning but ineffectual ruler, his reign was dominated by several successive regencies. Suffered a serious stroke in late 660, whereafter the government was run by his wife, the future Empress Wu Zetian. Died after several years of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Tang Zhongzong.png (non-contemporary)	Zhongzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Xian Template:Lang	3 January 684 – 26 February 684 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gaozong and Wu Zetian	26 November 656 – 3 July 710 (aged 53) Deposed by his mother after challenging her authorityTemplate:Sfnm
File:Tang Ruizong.png	Ruizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Dan Template:Lang	27 February 684 – 16 October 690 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gaozong and Wu Zetian	22 June 662 – 13 July 716 (aged 54) A complete puppet of his mother; forced to abdicateTemplate:Sfnm
Wu Zhou (690–705)
File:唐后行從圖 (局部) - 武則天.png	none, known as Wu Zetian    Template:LangTemplate:Efn Template:Collapsible list	Wu Zhao Template:Lang	16 October 690 – 21 February 705 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Former consort of emperors Taizong and Gaozong; regent since November 660, de facto ruler since January 683	623/625 – 16 December 705 (aged 81–83) Only female sovereign in Chinese history. Notable for her contribution to the Imperial examination system and her support for Buddhism, but also for her violent methods of enforcement. Deposed by Zhang Jianzhi; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Tang restoration (705–907)
File:Tang Zhongzong.png (non-contemporary)	Zhongzong (second reign)	Li Xian Template:Lang	23 February 705 – 3 July 710 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Restored to the throne by Tang loyalists	26 November 656 – 3 July 710 (aged 53) A weak ruler; he died after eating a poisoned cake delivered by his wife, Empress WeiTemplate:Sfnm
none, known as Emperor Shang Template:LangTemplate:Efn		Li Chongmao Template:Lang	8 July 710 – 25 July 710 (17 days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhongzong; installed by Empress Wei	698–714 (aged 16) Second shortest-reigning emperor; deposed in a palace coupTemplate:Sfnm
File:Tang Ruizong.png (non-contemporary)	Ruizong (second reign)	Li Dan Template:Lang	25 July 710 – 8 September 712 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Restored to the throne by detractors of Empress Wei	22 June 662 – 13 July 716 (aged 54) Spent his reign in a constant power struggle with his sister, Princess Taiping. Abdicated in favor of his son to undermine her influenceTemplate:Sfnm
File:李隆基像.jpg (non-contemporary)	Xuanzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Longji Template:Lang	8 September 712 – 12 August 756 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Ruizong	8 September 685 – 3 May 762 (aged 76) One of the greatest and longest reigning Chinese emperors. The Tang empire reached its peak during his early reign, but fell of grace at the end as a result of the disastrous An Lushan Rebellion. Abdicated in favor of his sonTemplate:Sfnm
File:TangSuzong.jpg	Suzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Jun Template:Lang	12 August 756 – 16 May 762 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuanzong; proclaimed emperor in Lingwu	711 – 16 May 762 (aged 51) Recaptured Chang'an in November 757. During his reign the eunuchs grew increasingly powerful.Template:Sfnm
File:Tang Daizong.jpg	Daizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Chu Template:Lang	18 May 762 – 10 June 779 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Suzong; proclaimed emperor in Chang'an	9 January 727 – 10 June 779 (aged 52) Ended the An–Shi Rebellion, but failed to maintain control over the far provincesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Tang Dezong.jpg	Dezong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Kuo Template:Lang	12 June 779 – 25 February 805 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Daizong	27 May 742 – 25 February 805 (aged 62) Notable for his tax reforms, he also attempted to control regional jiedushi, but this backfired and caused a military mutiny in 783Template:Sfnm
Shunzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list		Li Song Template:Lang	28 February – 28 August 805 (6 months) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Dezong	February 761 – 11 February 806 (aged 45) Aphasic, weak and ill, he was urged to abdicate by the court eunuchsTemplate:Sfnm
File:TangXianzong.jpg (non-contemporary)	Xianzong 憲宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Chun Template:Lang	5 September 805 – 14 February 820 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shunzong	March 778 – 14 February 820 (aged 41) Ended the warlord threat, but ended up becoming a puppet of the eunuchs. A drug addict, he was poisoned to death by eunuch Chen HongzhiTemplate:Sfnm
File:Muzong.jpg	Muzong 穆宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Heng Template:Lang	20 February 820 – 25 February 824 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xianzong	July 795 – 25 February 824 (aged 28) Suffered a serious stroke in 822 (while playing polo), whereafter the government was run by eunuchs Wang Shoucheng and Li Fengji.Template:Sfnm
File:帝鉴图说.Recueil Historique des Principaux Traits de la Vie des Empereurs Chinois.95帧图.彩绘册页.约18世纪 (唐敬宗) (cropped).jpg (non-contemporary)	Jingzong 敬宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Zhan Template:Lang	29 February 824 – 9 January 827 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Muzong	22 July 809 – 9 January 827 (aged 17) A reckless player of football; he was killed by eunuchsTemplate:Sfnm
File:TangWenzongAlt.jpg	Wenzong 文宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Ang Template:Lang	13 January 827 – 10 February 840 (13 years lacking 3 days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Muzong	20 November 809 – 10 February 840 (aged 30) Attempted to eradicate the eunuchs in the Sweet Dew incident (835), but ended up making them stronger. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Tang Wuzong.jpg (non-contemporary)	Wuzong 武宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Yan Template:Lang	20 February 840 – 22 April 846 (6 years, 2 months and 2 days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Muzong	2 July 814 – 22 April 846 (aged 31) Notable for his persecution of Buddhism. Died of drug overdoseTemplate:Sfnm
	Xuanzong 宣宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Chen Template:Lang	25 April 846 – 7 September 859 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xianzong	27 July 810 – 7 September 859 (aged 49) Arguably the last capable Tang emperor. Notable for his campaigns against the Tibetan Empire. Died of drug overdoseTemplate:Sfnm
File:TangYizong.jpg	Yizong 懿宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Cui Template:Lang	13 September 859 – 15 August 873 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuanzong	28 December 833 – 15 August 873 (aged 39) A devout Buddhist, but also a cruel and unstable ruler. His reign, which was dominated by eunuchs, saw various revolts that severely weakened imperial powerTemplate:Sfnm
File:唐僖宗帝（殘唐五代史演義傳）.jpg (non-contemporary)	Xizong 僖宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Xuan Template:Lang	16 August 873 – 20 April 888 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yizong	8 June 862 – 20 April 888 (aged 25) A puppet of Tian Lingzi, had to flee Chang'an twice due to internal strifeTemplate:Sfnm
None, known by his personal name		Li Yun Template:Lang	31 October 886 – January 887 (3 months) Template:Collapsible list	Great-grandson of Suzong, took power in Chang'an	Died in 887 Killed by Xizong's forces; often seen as an usurperTemplate:Sfnm
File:Zhaozong.jpg	Zhaozong 昭宗 Template:Collapsible list	Li Ye Template:Lang	20 April 888 – 22 September 904   (Template:Age in years, months and days)Template:Efn Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yizong	31 March 867 – 22 September 904 (aged 37) His reign saw the final collapse of imperial authority and the rise of new powerful warlords. He was killed by rebel Zhu WenTemplate:Sfnm
better known as Emperor Ai Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list		Li Zhu Template:Lang	26 September 904 – 1 June 907   (Template:Age in years, months and days)Template:Efn	Son of Zhaozong, proclaimed emperor in Luoyang	27 October 892 – 25 March 908 (aged 15) Installed, deposed, and later killed by Zhu WenTemplate:Sfnm

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Five Dynasties (907–912)

Later Liang (後梁; 907–923)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Zhu Wen Template:Lang	Taizu Template:Lang	907–912 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Former ally of rebel Huang Chao, defected to the Imperial army in 882 but later betrayed the Tang and proclaimed himself Emperor in Kaifeng	852–912 (aged 60) Killed by his sonTemplate:Sfnm
Zhu Yougui Template:Lang	—	912–913 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhu Wen, usurped power after learning of his father's intentions of adopting Zhu Youwen as heir	Died in 913 Described as murderous and lustful, he was killed by his brotherTemplate:Sfnm
Zhu Youzhen Template:Lang	—	913–923 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhu Wen	888–923 (aged 35) Killed by the forces of Li CunxuTemplate:Sfnm

Later Tang (後唐; 923–937)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Li Cunxu Template:Lang	Zhuangzong Template:Lang	923–926 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed himself Emperor after conquering Later Liang	885–926 (aged 41) Killed in a coupTemplate:Sfnm
Li Siyuan Template:Lang	Mingzong Template:Lang	926–933 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Adopted son of Li Keyong, took Luoyang and proclaimed himself Emperor after the murder of Li Cunxu	867–933 (aged 66) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Li Conghou Template:Lang	—	934 (less than a year) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Li Siyuan	914–early 934 (aged 20) Killed by Li CongkeTemplate:Sfnm
Li Congke Template:Lang	—	934–937 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Adopted son of Li Siyuan, he usurped power from Li Conghou	884/6–936 (aged 50–52) Defeated by Shi Jingtang of Later Jin, he burned himself to deathTemplate:Sfnm

Later Jin (後晉; 936–947)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Shi Jingtang Template:Lang	Gaozu Template:Lang	936–942 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed himself emperor with the help of the Shatuo and Khitan people	892–942 (aged 50) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Shi Chonggui Template:Lang	—	942–947 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Shi Jingtang	914–947 (aged 33) Captured by Emperor Taizong of Liao but spared; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Later Han (後漢; 947–951)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Liu Zhiyuan Template:Lang	Gaozu Template:Lang	947–948 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Jiedushi under the Later Jin, proclaimed himself emperor after the capture of Shi Chonggui by the Khitan	895–948 (aged 53) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Chengyou Template:Lang	—	948–951 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Liu Zhiyuan	931–951 (aged 20) Killed by the forces of Guo WeiTemplate:Sfnm

Later Zhou (後周; 951–960)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Guo Wei Template:Lang	Taizu Template:Lang	951–954 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Officer of Later Han, proclaimed himself emperor and dethroned Liu Chengyou	904–954 (aged 50) Died of natural causes; introduced reforms that greatly benefited farmingTemplate:Sfnm
Chai Rong Template:Lang	Shizong Template:Lang	954–959 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Adopted son of Guo Wei	921–959 (aged 38) Conquered Eastern and Southwest China; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Chai Zongxun Template:Lang	—	959–960 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Chai Rong	953–973 (aged 20) Deposed by Emperor Taizu of SongTemplate:Sfnm

Ten Kingdoms (907–979)

Former Shu (前蜀; 907–925)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Wang Jian Template:Lang	Gaozu Template:Lang	907–918 (Template:Age in years years)	Rebelled against the Tang in 891, named Prince in 903 and later proclaimed himself emperor in 907	847–918 (aged 69) Died of natural causes; known for his great tomb and stone statuesTemplate:Sfnm
Wang Zongyan Template:Lang	—	918–925 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wang Jian	899–926 (aged 27) Lustful and neglected of government, he was killed by Li CunxuTemplate:Sfnm

Yang Wu (楊吳; 907–937)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Yang Xingmi Template:Lang	Taizu Template:Lang	902–905 (Template:Age in years years)	Took over Yangzhou in 892 and was named "Prince of Wu" in 902, became independent after the fall of the Tang	852–905 (aged 53) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Yang Wo Template:Lang	—	905–908 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Yang Xingmi	886–908 (aged 22) Killed by Zhang Hao and Xu WenTemplate:Sfnm
Yang Longyan Template:Lang	—	908–920 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Yang Xingmi, enthroned by Xu Wen	897–920 (aged 23) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Yang Pu Template:Lang	—	920–937 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Yang Xingmi and enthroned by Xu Zhigao (Li Bian), declared himself Emperor in 927	901–938 (aged 37) Forced to abdicate to Li Bian of Southern Tang; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Ma Chu (馬楚; 907–951)

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Ma Yin Template:Lang	Prince Wumu Template:Lang	907–930 (Template:Age in years years)	A carpenter who rose from the ranks to become prefect of Tanzhou in 896, he was named Prince in 927 by Li Siyuan	852–930 (aged 78) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Ma Xisheng Template:Lang	Prince of Hengyang Template:Lang	930–932 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Ma Yin	899–932 (aged 33) An admirer of Zhu Wen, he cooked 50 chickens a day; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Ma Xifan Template:Lang	Prince Wenzhao Template:Lang	932–947 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Ma Yin, didn't assume his title until later in his reign	899–947 (aged 48) Known for his extravagance and his building projects; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Ma Xiguang Template:Lang	—	947–951 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Ma Yin	Died in 951 Deposed and later killed by his brotherTemplate:Sfnm
Ma Xi'e Template:Lang	—	951 (less than a year)	Son of Ma Yin	Deposed by his brother, fate unknownTemplate:Sfnm
Ma Xichong Template:Lang	—	951 (less than a year)	Son of Ma Yin	Deposed by the Southern Tang with the help of Xi’e's supporters, fate unknownTemplate:Sfnm

Wuyue (吳越; 907–978)

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Qian Liu Template:Lang	Prince Wusu Template:Lang	907–932 (Template:Age in years years)	Named "Prince of Wuyue" by Later Liang	852–932 (aged 80) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Qian Yuanguan Template:Lang	Prince Wensu Template:Lang	932–941 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Qian Liu	887–941 (aged 54) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Qian Hongzuo Template:Lang	Prince Zhongxian Template:Lang	941–947 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Qian Yuanguan	928–947 (aged 69) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Qian Hongzong Template:Lang	Prince Zhongxun Template:Lang	947–early 948 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Qian Yuanguan	Template:Circa 929–Template:Circa 971 (aged approx. 42) Deposed by general Hu Jinsi, fate unknownTemplate:Sfnm
Qian Chu Template:Lang	Prince Zhongyi Template:Lang	978 (less than a year)	Son of Qian Yuanguan	929–988 (aged 59) Surrendered to the Song dynasty, died of sudden illness or poisoningTemplate:Sfnm

Min (閩; 909–944) & Yin (殷; 943–945)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Wang Shenzhi Template:Lang	Taizu Template:Lang	909–925 (Template:Age in years years)	Younger brother of warlord Wang Chao, named wang of Min by Later Liang	862–925 (aged 63) One of the most peaceful reign periods of the period; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Wang Yanhan Template:Lang	—	926–927 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wang Shenzhi	Died in 927 Killed by his brotherTemplate:Sfnm
Wang Yanjun Template:Lang	Huizong Template:Lang	927–935 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wang Shenzhi, proclaimed Prince in 928 and later Emperor in 933	Died in 935 Killed by his sonTemplate:Sfnm
Wang Jipeng Template:Lang Wang Chang Template:Lang	Kangzong Template:Lang	935–939 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wang Yanjun	Died in 939 A devout Taoist, he was killed in a coupTemplate:Sfnm
Wang Yanxi Template:Lang	Jingzong Template:Lang	939–944 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Wang Shenzhi	Died in 944 A despotic ruler, he was killed by Lian Chongyu and his associatesTemplate:Sfnm
Wang Yanzheng Template:Lang	Gongyi Template:Lang	945 (less than a year)	Proclaimed himself "Prince of Yin" to rival his brother Wang Yanxi	Died in 945 Defeated by Southern Tang, died of natural causes in captivityTemplate:Sfnm

Great Yue (大越; 917–918) Southern Han (南漢; 918–971)

Personal name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Liu Yan Template:Lang	Gaozu Template:Lang	917–942 (Template:Age in years years)	Took over of Guangzhou in 911, proclaimed himself Emperor of Yue (renamed "Han" in 918)	889–942 (aged 63) A despotic and extravagant ruler; died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Bin Template:Lang	—	942–943 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Liu Yan	920–943 (aged 63) An hedonistic ruler; he was killed by his brotherTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Sheng Template:Lang	Zhongzong Template:Lang	943–958 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Liu Yan	920–958 (aged 38) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Chang Template:Lang	—	958–971 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Liu Sheng	943–980 (aged 37) Another hedonistic ruler, he surrendered to the Song army and was sparedTemplate:Sfnm

Jingnan (荊南; 924–963)

Personal Name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Gao Jixing Template:Lang	—	924–early 929 (Template:Age in years years)	Named King of Nanping by Later Tang in 924, ruled under the vassalage of Wu	858–929 (aged 71) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Gao Conghui Template:Lang	—	929–948 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Gao Jixing	891–948 (aged 57) A weak ruler, he was nicknamed "Gao the Jerk" (高賴子); died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Gao Baorong Template:Lang	—	948–960 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Gao Conghui	920–960 (aged 40) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Gao Baoxu Template:Lang	—	960–962 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Gao Conghui, effective ruler during the reign of his brother	924–962 (aged 38) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Gao Jichong Template:Lang	—	962–963 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Gao Baorong	943–973 (aged 30) Surrendered to the Song but sparedTemplate:Sfnm

Later Shu (後蜀; 934–965)

Personal Name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Meng Zhixiang Template:Lang	Gaozu Template:Lang	934 (less than a year)	Later Tang governor from 926, proclaimed King in 933 and later Emperor in 93	874–934 (aged 60) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Meng Chang Template:Lang	—	934–965 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Meng Zhixiang	919–965 (aged 60) Defeated by the Song dynasty, died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Southern Tang (南唐; 937–976)

Personal Name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Li Bian Template:Lang	Liezu Template:Lang	937–943 (Template:Age in years years)	Adopted son of Xu Wen, proclaimed himself Emperor after overthrowing the Yang Wu	888–943 (aged 55) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Li Jing Template:Lang	Yuanzong Template:Lang	943–961 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Li Bian	888–943 (aged 55) Conquered Min and Chu, but failed to ward the attacks of Later Zhou. A distinguished poet, he died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Li Yu Template:Lang	—	961–976 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Li Jing	937–978 (aged 41) A master of the ci poetry, he surrendered to the Song dynasty but was sparedTemplate:Sfnm

Northern Han (北漢; 951–979)

Personal Name	Temple name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Liu Chong Template:Lang	Shizu Template:Lang	951–954 (Template:Age in years years)	Cousin of Liu Zhiyuan of Later Tang, proclaimed himself Emperor	895–954 (aged 59) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Jun Template:Lang	Ruizong Template:Lang	954–968 (Template:Age in years years)	Son of Liu Chong	926–968 (aged 42) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfn
Liu Ji'en Template:Lang	–	968 (less than a year)	Adopted son of Liu Jun	935–968 (aged 33) Killed by Hou BarongTemplate:Sfnm
Liu Jiyuan Template:Lang	Yingwu Template:Lang	968–979 (Template:Age in years years)	Adopted son of Liu Jun	956–991 (aged 35) Surrendered to the Song and sparedTemplate:Sfnm

Late imperial China

Song dynasty (960–1279)

Song dynasty (宋朝; 960–1279)

Portrait	Temple name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Northern Song (960–1127)
File:Song Taizu.jpg	Taizu Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Kuangyin Template:Lang	4 February 960 – 14 November 976 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Proclaimed emperor after deposing Chai Zongxun of Later Zhou. Unified most of China under his rule	21 March 927 – 14 November 976 (aged 49) Significantly reduced the power of the military in favor of civilian officers. Died in uncertain circumstances, probably illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Emperor Taizong of Song.tif	Taizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Jiong Template:Lang	14 November 976 – 8 May 997 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Younger brother of Taizu	20 November 939 – 8 May 997 (aged 57) Conquered the last remaining Chinese state in 978, but failed the reconquer former Tang territories, like Vietnam. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Song Zhenzong.jpg	Zhenzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Heng Template:Lang	8 May 997 – 23 March 1022 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taizong	23 December 968 – 23 March 1022 (aged 53) Suffered significant defeats to the northern Liao dynasty, leading to the Chanyuan Treaty. Died after a prolonged period of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Song Renzong.jpg	Renzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Zhen Template:Lang	23 March 1022 – 30 April 1063 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhenzong	30 May 1010 – 30 April 1063 (aged 52) Ruled under the regency of Empress Liu until 1033. His long reign, the longest of the Song dynasty, saw several developments in culture, philosophy and artsTemplate:Sfnm
File:Song Yingzong 1.jpg	Yingzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Shu Template:Lang	1 May 1063 – 25 January 1067 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhao Yunrang, a grandson of Emperor Taizong, and adopted son of Emperor Renzong	16 February 1032 – 25 January 1067 (aged 34) Ruled initially under the regency of Empress Dowager Cao. Died after several years of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Shenzong.jpg	Shenzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Xu Template:Lang	25 January 1067 – 1 April 1085 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yingzong	25 May 1048 – 1 April 1085 (aged 36) Best known by the implementation of the "New Policies". Died of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Zhezong.jpg	Zhezong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Xu Template:Lang	1 April 1085 – 23 February 1100 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shenzong	4 January 1077 – 23 February 1100 (aged 23) Ruled under the regency of Empress Dowager Gao until 1093. Died of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Seated Portrait of Emperor Song Huizong.tif	Huizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Ji Template:Lang	23 February 1100 – 18 January 1126 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shenzong	7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135 (aged 52) A remarkable patron of the arts and an artist himself, but a weak ruler and politician. Abdicated during the Jurchen Jin siege of Kaifeng. Captured by the Jin shortly after; died in captivityTemplate:Sfnm
File:Songqinzong Chinghong.jpg	Qinzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Huan Template:Lang	19 January 1126 – 25 March 1127 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Huizong	23 May 1100 – 14 June 1161 (aged 62) Refused to negotiate with the Jin, which led to a second invasion. Captured alongside his father during the Jingkang incident; died in captivityTemplate:Sfnm
Southern Song (1127–1279)
File:Song Gaozong.png	Gaozong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Gou Template:Lang	12 June 1127 – 24 July 1162   (Template:Age in years, months and days)Template:Efn Template:Collapsible list	Son of Huizong, proclaimed emperor in Jiankang after fleeing the Jurchen invasion of the North	12 June 1107 – 9 November 1187 (aged 80) A competent ruler that managed to preserve the Song dynasty, but often criticized for his military defeats and political failures. Abdicated in favor of his adopted son, later dying of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
None, known by his personal name		Zhao Fu Template:Lang	March – April 1129 (1 month or less) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Gaozong, proclaimed emperor during a mutiny	An infant installed by officers Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan. They lost power within a monthTemplate:Sfnm
File:Xiaozong.jpg	Xiaozong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao ShenTemplate:Efn Template:Lang	24 July 1162 – 18 February 1189 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhao Zicheng, a descendant of the first Song Emperor, and adopted son of Gaozong	27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194 (aged 66) Often regarded as the most peaceful and stable ruler of the Southern Song. Abdicated in favour of his son, later dying of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Guangzong.jpg	Guangzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Dun Template:Lang	18 February 1189 – 24 July 1194 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xiaozong	30 September 1147 – 17 September 1200 (aged 53) Forced to abdicate in favor of his son, allegedly because of his mental instability. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Song Ningzong 1.png	Ningzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Kuo Template:Lang	24 July 1194 – 17 September 1224 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Guangzong	19 November 1168 – 17 September 1224 (aged 55) A weak and indecisive ruler who spent most of his life in isolation at the palace. Died of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Song Lizong.jpg	Lizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Yun Template:Lang	17 September 1224 – 16 November 1264 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhao Xilu, a descendant of the first Song Emperor, Taizu	26 January 1205 – 16 November 1264 (aged 59) An emperor devoted to philosophy and the arts, he had to face the first Mongol incursions following the fall of the Jin. Died of illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Duzong.jpg	Duzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Qi Template:Lang	16 November 1264 – 12 August 1274 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Zhao Yurui, a brother of Lizong	2 May 1240 – 12 August 1274 (aged 34) Relegated most imperial duties to his officers. Died of sudden illnessTemplate:Sfnm
File:Song Gongdi2.jpg	Gongzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Xian Template:Lang	12 August 1274 – 21 February 1276 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Duzong	2 November 1270 – 1323 Ruled under the regency of Empress Xie, who was forced to surrender to the Mongols. Became a monk in Tibet, but was later executed of forced to commit suicide; died in GansuTemplate:Sfnm
File:ZhaoShiDuanzong.png	Duanzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhao Shi Template:Lang	14 June 1276 – 8 May 1278 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Duzong, proclaimed emperor in Fuzhou after the fall of the capital	1268 – 8 May 1278 (aged 10) Spent most of his life fleeing from the Mongols by sea. Died of illness after barely surviving the sinking of his shipTemplate:Sfnm
File:Song Modi.jpg	None, known by his personal name	Zhao Bing Template:Lang	10 May 1278 – 19 March 1279 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Duzong	1271 – 19 March 1279 (aged 8) Thrown into the Xi River during the Battle of Yamen alongside several soldiers and officers as part of a mass suicideTemplate:Sfnm

Northern regimes (916–1234)

Liao dynasty (916–1125)

Liao dynasty (大遼; 916–1125)

Temple name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Taizu Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Abaoji Template:Lang	27 February 907 – 6 September 926 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Led the Yelü clan as Khagan to unite the Khitan people	872 – 6 September 926 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Taizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Deguang Template:Lang	11 December 927 – 15 May 947 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taizu	902 – 15 May 947 (aged Template:Age in years) Died from a sudden illnessTemplate:Sfnm
Shizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Ruan Template:Lang	16 May 947 – 7 October 951 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Taizu	918 – 7 October 951 (aged Template:Age in years) Murdered by his cousin in a coup d'étatTemplate:Sfnm
Muzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Jing Template:Lang	11 October 951 – 12 March 969 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taizong	931 – 12 March 969 (aged Template:Age in years) Killed by his personal attendantsTemplate:Sfnm
Jingzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Xian Template:Lang	13 May 969 – 13 October 982 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shizong	948 – 13 October 982 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of illness on a hunting tripTemplate:Sfnm
Shengzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Longxu Template:Lang	14 October 982 – 25 June 1031 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Jingzong	971 – 25 June 1031 (aged Template:Age in years) Longest reigning Liao ruler, though he was controlled by his mother Xiao Yanyan until 1009. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Xingzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Zongzhen Template:Lang	25 June 1031 – 28 August 1055 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shengzong	1016 – 28 August 1055 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Daozong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Yelü Hongji Template:Lang	28 August 1055 – 12 February 1101 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xingzong	1032 – 12 February 1101 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
None, known by his posthumous name: Tianzuo Template:Lang	Yelü Yanxi Template:Lang	12 February 1101 – 6 September 1125 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Daozong	1075 – after 6 September 1125 (aged Template:Age in years) Died in captivity from natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Western Xia (1038–1227)

Western Xia (西夏; 1038–1227)

Temple nameTemplate:Efn	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Jingzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Yuanhao Template:Lang	1038 – 1048Template:Efn (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of the Tangut leader Li Deming	1003–1048Template:Efn (aged Template:Age in years) Assassinated by his son, Ningling GeTemplate:Sfnm
Yizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Liangzuo Template:Lang	1048 – January 1068 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Jingzong	1047 – January 1068 (aged Template:Age in years) Infant emperor whose reign was controlled by Lady Mozang and later Mozang Epang. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Huizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Bingchang Template:Lang	January 1068 – 21 August 1086 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yizong	1061 – 21 August 1086 (aged Template:Age in years) Struggled with his mother for power throughout his reign. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Chongzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Qianshun Template:Lang	11 November 1086 – 1 July 1139 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Huizong	1084 – 1 July 1139 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Renzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Renxiao Template:Lang	July 1139 – 16 October 1193 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Chongzong	1124 – 16 October 1193 (aged Template:Age in years) Longest ruling ruler of the dynasty. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Huanzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Chunyou Template:Lang	1193 – 1 March 1206 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Renzong	1177 – 1 March 1206 (aged Template:Age in years) Overthrown in a coup d'état led by Xiangzong. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Xiangzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Anquan Template:Lang	March 1206 – 13 September 1211 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Renzong	1170 – 13 September 1211 (aged Template:Age in years) Suffered many losses from the Mongols. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Shenzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Li Zunxu Template:Lang	12 August 1211 – 1223 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Descendant of Jingzong	1163 – 1226 (aged Template:Age in years) Abdicated amid Mongol invasions. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Xianzong Template:Lang	Li Dewang Template:Lang	1223 – August 1226 (Template:Age in years years) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shenzong	1181 – August 1226 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
None, known by his personal name	Li Xian Template:Lang	1226 – 1227 (1 year or less) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Shenzong	? – 1227 (aged ?) Killed by the MongolsTemplate:Sfnm

Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

Jin dynasty (金朝; 1115–1234)Template:Sfn

Temple name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
Taizu Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Wanyan Min Template:Lang	28 January 1115 – 19 September 1123 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Helibo from the Wanyan tribe	1 August 1068 – 19 September 1123 (aged Template:Age in years) Conquered the Liao dynastyTemplate:Sfnm
Taizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Wanyan Sheng Template:Lang	27 September 1123 – 7 February 1135 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Brother of Taizu	1075 – 7 February 1135 (aged Template:Age in years) Sacked the North Song dynasty's capital. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Xizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Wanyan Dan Template:Lang	8 February 1135 – 9 January 1150 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Taizu	1119 –  9 January 1150 (aged Template:Age in years) Assassinated by his chancellor and successor Wanyan LiangTemplate:Sfnm
None, informally known as Prince of Hailing Template:Lang	Wanyan Liang Template:Lang	9 January 1150 – 15 December 1161 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Taizu	1122 – 15 December 1161 (aged Template:Age in years) Assassinated by his military commanders after losing the Battle of CaishiTemplate:Sfnm
Shizong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Wanyan Yong Template:Lang	27 October 1161 – 20 January 1189 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Taizu	1123 – 20 January 1189 (aged Template:Age in years) Had the longest and most stable reign of the dynastyTemplate:Sfnm
Zhangzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Wanyan Jing Template:Lang	20 January 1189 – 29 December 1208 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Shizong	31 August 1168 – 29 December 1208 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
None, informally known as Prince Shao of Wei Template:Lang	Wanyan Yongji Template:Lang	29 December 1208 – 11 September 1213 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shizong	? – 11 September 1213Template:Efn (aged ?) Assassinated under the orders of the general Template:IllTemplate:Sfnm
Xuanzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Wanyan Xun Template:Lang	22 September 1213 – 14 January 1224 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Shizong	1163 – 14 January 1224 (aged Template:Age in years) Suffered heavy losses from the Mongols. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Aizong Template:Lang	Wanyan Shouxu Template:Lang	15 January 1224 – 8 February 1234 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuanzong	25 September 1198 – 9 February 1234 (aged Template:Age in years) Committed suicide amid Mongol invasionsTemplate:Sfnm
Mo Template:Lang	Wanyan Chenglin Template:Lang	9 February 1234 (less than a day)	Descendant of Helibo	? – 9 February 1234 (aged ?) The shortest reigning Chinese monarch, ruled for less than a day. Died during the Mongol conquest of the JinTemplate:Sfnm

Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)

Yuan dynasty (大元; 1271–1368)

Portrait	Khan name	Personal name	Reign	Succession	Life details
File:YuanEmperorAlbumKhubilaiPortrait.jpg	Setsen Khan Template:Lang better known as Kublai Khan Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Kublai Template:Lang	18 December 1271 – 18 February 1294 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Genghis Khan; declared emperor after defeating the Song in the Battle of Yamen	23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294 (aged Template:Age in years) Fully conquered the Song dynasty, won the Toluid Civil War, moved the capital to Khanbaliq and employed Marco PoloTemplate:Sfnm
File:YuanEmperorAlbumTemurOljeituPortrait.jpg	Öljeytü Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Temür Template:Lang	10 May 1294 – 10 February 1307 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Kublai	15 October 1265 – 10 February 1307 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:YuanEmperorAlbumQaishanKulugPortrait.jpg	Külüg Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Haishan Template:Lang	21 June 1307 – 27 January 1311 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-grandson of Kublai	4 August 1281 – 27 January 1311 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:YuanEmperorAlbumAyurbarvadaBuyantuPortrait.jpg	Buyantu Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Ayurbarwada Template:Lang	7 April 1311 – 1 March 1320 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-grandson of Kublai	9 April 1285 – 1 March 1320 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
	Gegeen Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Shidibala Template:Lang	19 April 1320 – 4 September 1323 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Ayurbarwada	22 February 1302 – 4 September 1323 (aged Template:Age in years) Killed in a coup led by Template:IllTemplate:Sfnm
	None, known either by his personal or era name	Borjigin Yesün Temür Template:Lang	4 October 1323 – 15 August 1328 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Great-Grandson of Kublai	28 November 1293 – 15 August 1328Template:Efn (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
	None, known either by his personal or era name	Borjigin Ragibagh Template:Lang	October 1328 – 14 November 1328 (Template:Age in years and months) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yesün	1320 – 14 November 1328 (aged Template:Age in years) Child emperor; probably murdered amid the War of the Two CapitalsTemplate:Sfnm
File:YuanEmperorAlbumTughTemurPortrait.jpg	Jayaatu Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Tugh Temür Template:Lang	16 October 1328 – 26 February 1329 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Külüg	16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332 (aged Template:Age in years) Abdicated in favor of his brother Khutughtu KhanTemplate:Sfnm
Khutughtu Khan	Khutughtu Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Kusala Template:Lang	27 February 1329 – 30 August 1329 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Külüg	22 December 1300 – 30 August 1329 (aged Template:Age in years) Briefly ruled before killed by El TemürTemplate:Sfnm
File:YuanEmperorAlbumTughTemurPortrait.jpg	Jayaatu Khan Template:Lang (second reign)	Borjigin Tugh Temür Template:Lang	8 September 1329 – 2 September 1332 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Külüg	16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332 (aged Template:Age in years) A patron of the arts and scholarship, his reign was dominated by the ministers El Temür and Bayan of the Merkid. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:YuanEmperorAlbumIrinchinbalPortrait.jpg	None, known by his personal name Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Rinchinbal Template:Lang	23 October 1332 – 14 December 1332 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Khutughtu	1 May 1326 – 14 December 1332 (aged Template:Age in years) Child emperor; died of sudden illnessTemplate:Sfnm
	Ukhaghatu Khan Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Borjigin Toghon Temür Template:Lang	19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Khutughtu	25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm

Ming dynasty (1368–1644)

Ming dynasty (大明; 1368–1644)

Portrait	Era name	Personal name	ReignTemplate:Efn	Succession	Life details
File:A Seated Portrait of Ming Emperor Taizu.jpg	Hongwu Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Yuanzhang Template:Lang	23 January 1368 – 24 June 1398 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Born into poverty, he led the Red Turban Rebellions to establish the Ming dynasty	21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398 (aged Template:Age in years) Initiated cultural reconstruction and political reform, also noted for his extreme and violent methods of enforcement. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
Jianwen Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list		Zhu Yunwen Template:Lang	30 June 1398 – 13 July 1402 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Hongwu	5 December 1377 – 13 July 1402 (aged Template:Age in years) Overthrown by the future Yongle Emperor, his uncle. Either died in or disappeared after the fires in the Ming Palace.Template:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Ming Chengzu.jpg	Yongle Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Di Template:Lang	17 July 1402 – 12 August 1424 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Hongwu	2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424 (aged Template:Age in years) Raised the Ming to its highest power. Patron of many projects, including the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, Yongle Encyclopedia and the Ming treasure voyages. Died of natural causes.Template:Sfnm
File:MingRenzongPortrait.jpg	Hongxi Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Gaochi Template:Lang	7 September 1424 – 29 May 1425 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yongle	16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425 (aged Template:Age in years) Focused primarily on domestic affairs. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Ming Xuanzong.jpg	Xuande Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Zhanji Template:Lang	27 June 1425 – 31 January 1435 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Hongxi	16 March 1399 – 31 January 1435 (aged Template:Age in years) A noted painter. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Ming Yingzong.jpg	known by his temple: Yingzong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Qizhen 朱祁镇	7 February 1435 – 1 September 1449 (Template:Age in years, months and days)Template:Efn Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuande	29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464 (aged Template:Age in years) His reign was dominated by eunuchs, particularly Wang Zhen, which led to growing instability. Captured by the Northern Yuan dynasty during the Tumu Crisis.Template:Sfnm
Jingtai Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list		Zhu Qiyu Template:Lang	22 September 1449 – 24 February 1457 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuande	11 September 1428 – 14 March 1457 (aged Template:Age in years) Briefly ruled while his brother was held captive; deposed soon after. Died a month later, possibly from murder.Template:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Ming Yingzong.jpg	Yingzong Template:Lang (second reign)	Zhu Qizhen 朱祁镇	11 February 1457 – 23 February 1464 (Template:Age in years, months and days)Template:Efn Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xuande	29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464 (aged Template:Age in years) Restored to power after his release. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Ming Xianzong.jpg	Chenghua Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Jianshen Template:Lang	28 February 1464 – 9 September 1487 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yingzong	9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Hongzhi.jpg	Hongzhi Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Youcheng Template:Lang	22 September 1487 – 8 June 1505 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Chenghua	30 July 1470 – 9 June 1505 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Ming Wuzong.jpg	Zhengde Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Houzhao Template:Lang	19 June 1505 – 20 April 1521 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Hongzhi	14 November 1491 – 20 April 1521 (aged Template:Age in years) His reign saw the rise of influence from eunuchs, particularly Liu Jin. Probably drowned after his boat sank.Template:Sfnm
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Jiajing.jpg	Jiajing Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Houcong Template:Lang	27 May 1521 – 23 January 1567 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Grandson of Chenghua, brother of Zhengde	16 September 1507 – 23 January 1567 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:明穆宗坐像 軸.jpg	Longqing Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Zaiji Template:Lang	4 February 1567 – 5 July 1572 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Jiajing	4 March 1537 – 5 July 1572 (aged Template:Age in years) Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Ming Shenzong (1).jpg	Wanli Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Yijun Template:Lang	19 July 1572 – 18 August 1620 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Longqing	4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620 (aged Template:Age in years) Despite early successes, the gradual decline of Ming began towards the end of his reign. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Ming Guangzong.jpg	Taichang Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Changluo Template:Lang	28 August – 26 September 1620 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Wanli	28 August 1582 – 26 September 1620 (aged Template:Age in years) Died suddenly after a reign of around a month, possibly murdered by poisonTemplate:Sfnm
File:明熹宗坐像.tiff	Tianqi Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Zhu Youjiao Template:Lang	1 October 1620 – 30 September 1627 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taichang	23 December 1605 – 30 September 1627 (aged Template:Age in years) A weak ruler, his reign was dominated by the eunuch Wei Zhongxian. Died from an unknown illnessTemplate:Sfnm
Chongzhen Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list		Zhu Youjian Template:Lang	2 October 1627 – 25 April 1644 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Taichang, brother of Tianqi	6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644 (aged Template:Age in years) Committed suicide, possibly by hanging himself on a tree.Template:Sfnm

Qing dynasty (1644–1912)

Qing dynasty (大清; 1644–1912)

Portrait	Era name	Personal name	ReignTemplate:Efn	Succession	Life details
File:清 佚名 《清世祖顺治皇帝朝服像》.jpg	Shunzhi Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Fulin Template:Lang	8 November 1644 – 5 February 1661 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Hong Taiji; chosen by a council of Manchu princes	15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661 (aged Template:Age in years) Finished the Manchu conquest of the Ming, pushing the remaining Ming sympathizers to the South. Died suddenly of smallpoxTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait of the Kangxi Emperor in Court Dress.jpg	Kangxi Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Xuanye Template:Lang	5 February 1661 – 20 December 1722 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Shunzhi	4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722 (aged Template:Age in years) Longest ruling Chinese emperor. Expanded the empire's territory, and commissioned both the Kangxi Dictionary and Complete Tang Poems. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:Portrait of the Yongzheng Emperor in Court Dress.jpg	Yongzheng Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Yinzhen Template:Lang	27 December 1722 – 8 October 1735 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Kangxi	13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735 (aged Template:Age in years) Ruled for a relatively short period, establishing the Grand Council. Probably died of alchemical elixir poisoning; death officially recorded as natural causes.Template:SfnmTemplate:Efn
File:清 郎世宁绘《清高宗乾隆帝朝服像》.jpg	Qianlong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Hongli Template:Lang	18 October 1735 – 9 February 1796 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Yongzheng	25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799 (aged Template:Age in years) Brought the empire to its height. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:清 佚名 《清仁宗嘉庆皇帝朝服像》.jpg	Jiaqing Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Yongyan Template:Lang	9 February 1796 – 2 September 1820 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Qianlong	13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820 (aged Template:Age in years) Died suddenly from apoplexyTemplate:Sfnm
A man in a grey suit, white shirt and dark tie, he has a birthmark on his forehead	Daoguang Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Minning Template:Lang	3 October 1820 – 26 February 1850 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Jiaqing	16 September 1782 – 25 February 1850 (aged Template:Age in years) An ineffective ruler who led a highly unstable reign, marked by the First Opium War and the early Taiping Rebellion. Probably died from a strokeTemplate:Sfnm
File:《咸丰皇帝朝服像》.jpg	Xianfeng Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Yizhu Template:Lang	9 March 1850 – 22 August 1861 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Daoguang	17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861 (aged Template:Age in years) The last Chinese emperor to have personal power for the entirety of his reign, which was unstable after the Taiping Rebellion, Nian Rebellion and Second Opium War. Died of natural causesTemplate:Sfnm
File:清 佚名 《清穆宗同治皇帝朝服像》.jpg	Tongzhi Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Zaichun Template:Lang	11 November 1861 – 12 January 1875 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Son of Xianfeng	27 April 1856 – 12 January 1875 (aged Template:Age in years) Reign was completely dominated by Empress Dowager Cixi, who initiated the Tongzhi Restoration. Died suddenly, under suspicious circumstancesTemplate:Sfnm
File:The Imperial Portrait of Emperor Guangxu2.jpg	Guangxu Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Zaitian Template:Lang	25 February 1875 – 14 November 1908 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Cousin of Tongzhi	14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908 (aged Template:Age in years) Initiated the failed Hundred Days' Reform, and from 1898 on, his reign was completely dominated by Empress Dowager Cixi. Died of poisoning, possibly from Cixi.Template:Sfnm
File:Xuantong.jpg	Xuantong Template:Lang Template:Collapsible list	Aisin-Gioro Puyi Template:Lang	2 December 1908 – 12 February 1912 (Template:Age in years, months and days) Template:Collapsible list	Nephew of Guangxu	7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967 (aged Template:Age in years) Reigned as a young child, but was forced to abdicate in 1912 amid the 1911 Revolution, ending the 2,000-year monarchial system of Imperial China. Died of natural causes.Template:Sfnm
For the subsequent heads of state of China, see List of presidents of the Republic of China and List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China

References

Sources

Ancient Era

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Early Imperial Era

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Template:Refend Six Dynasties & Mid Imperial Era Template:Refbegin

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Late Imperial Era

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General

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Further reading

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External links

• Rulers of China List at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
• Table of Chinese Imperial Reigns at David K. Jordan's website
• Guide to Names and Titles of Rulers at Chinaknowledge