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Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement Lawrence Township is a township in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located at the cross-roads between the Delaware Valley region to the southwest and the Raritan Valley region to the northeast, the township is an outer-ring suburb of New York City in the New York Metropolitan area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau,<ref>Lawlor, Julia. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Lawrence Township, N.J.; Peace, Quiet and Community Involvement", The New York Times, March 21, 2004. Accessed October 15, 2023.</ref><ref>New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 29, 2018.</ref> while also directly bordering the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is part of the Federal Communications Commission's Philadelphia Designated Market Area.<ref name="FCC DMA Current">- Philadelphia Market Area Coverage Maps, Federal Communications Commission. Accessed March 29, 2018.</ref>

The home of the prestigious Lawrenceville School, Rider University, and the site of the Quaker Bridge Mall, the township is a regional commercial and cultural hub of central New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 33,077,<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/> a decrease of 395 (−1.2%) from the 2010 census count of 33,472,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=LWD2010/> which in turn reflected an increase of 4,313 (+14.8%) from the 29,159 counted in the 2000 census.<ref>Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref>

History

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What is now Lawrence Township was originally formed as Maidenhead Township on February 20, 1697, while the area was still part of Burlington County in West Jersey on the eastern boundary of the Province Line (on the other side of which was East Jersey). The township was named by the early Quaker settlers after Maidenhead, a Thames River village west of London.

In 1698, Puritan settlers from Long Island and Connecticut came to Maidenhead and were granted land and established a Presbyterian church. A meetinghouse was erected on the site of the present Presbyterian Church of Lawrenceville in the early 1700s. A record from 1709 indicates that it was used both for a meeting of the Presbytery of Philadelphia and for a session of the Hunterdon County Court. The present structure was built in 1764.

File:Baker-Brearley House 8-2011.jpg
The Baker–Brearley House, one of many colonials located in the historic village of Lawrenceville

The township became part of the newly created Hunterdon County on March 11, 1714. Maidenhead Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798.<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. pp. 162-163. Accessed May 29, 2024.</ref>

In 1810, the seventh minister of the church, Isaac V. Brown, began the Maidenhead Academy to prepare young men for college. This school is now the Lawrenceville School.

On January 24, 1816, the municipality was renamed Lawrence Township, in honor of Captain James Lawrence—commander of the frigate Template:USS, one of the naval heroes of the War of 1812, and a native of relatively nearby Burlington, New Jersey—best known for his dying command of "Don't give up the ship".<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 25, 2015.</ref> Lawrence Township became part of Mercer County at its creation on February 22, 1838. Portions of the township were taken to form Millham Township on February 10, 1882, which was annexed six years later by Trenton.<ref name=Story/>

On September 23, 2003, at approximately 8:25am, an F1 tornado ripped through Lawrence Township. The tornado followed a path along Princeton Pike and caused widespread damage to homes. There were no fatalities.<ref>"Tornado damages homes and power lines in Lawrence Twp." Template:Webarchive, The Daily Princetonian, September 24, 2003.</ref><ref>NCDC: Event DetailsTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Violent crime in Lawrence Township is notably rare. A fatal shooting at an Applebee's restaurant on November 14, 2017, was the first murder in the township in 16 years.<ref>Avilucea, Isaac. "Lawrence Applebee’s reopens after grisly murder", The Trentonian, November 15, 2017. Accessed November 28, 2019. "Lawrence - The Applebee’s where a horrific execution-style murder occurred has reopened. Workers at the chain restaurant off Brunswick Pike, next to the Quaker Bridge Mall, tried to regain a sense of normalcy following the point-blank killing of 23-year-old Devin 'Dynomite' Smith, who was shot in the back of the head as he drank at the bar early Tuesday morning.... He added the restaurant hadn’t experienced violent outbursts or altercations from patrons before Tuesday’s killing, the first homicide Lawrence has had in 16 years. The last one occurred in 2001, at the Sleepy Hollow Motel."</ref>

Geography

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File:2013-05-04 15 37 44 View down the Shabakunk Creek just below Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park, Lawrence Township, New Jersey.jpg
The Shabakunk Creek, below Colonial Lake, flowing in the southern portion of the township towards Trenton.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 21.98 square miles (56.94 km2), including 21.73 square miles (56.27 km2) of land and 0.26 square miles (0.67 km2) of water (1.17%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1 />

Lawrenceville (with a 2010 Census population of 3,887<ref>DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Lawrenceville CDP, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 19, 2012.</ref>) is a census-designated place and unincorporated community located within Lawrence Township.<ref>New Jersey: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts - 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH-2-32), United States Census Bureau, August 2012. Accessed November 19, 2012.</ref>

File:Stony Brook.jpg
The Stony Brook flowing through the northern portion of the township towards Princeton.

Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include:<ref>Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed April 20, 2015.</ref> Bakersville, Clarksville, Colonial Lakelands, Coxs Corner, Eldridge Park,Template:Citation needed Franklin Corner, Harneys Corner, Lawrence Station, Lewisville, Louisville, Port Mercer, Princessville, Quaker Bridge, Rosedale, Slackwood and Sturwood Hamlet.

Many area residents often refer to all of Lawrence Township as Lawrenceville, as a significant majority of township residents use a Lawrenceville mailing address as specified by the United States Postal Service, while other residents have mailing addresses in either Princeton or Trenton. The township was notified by the Postal Service in 2007 that the preferred designation for the ZIP code 08648 would be changed to "Lawrence Township".<ref>Lawrence Township Assigned ZIP Code Designation, Lawrence Township, October 31, 2007. Accessed November 19, 2012. "The United States Postal Service (USPS) has notified Lawrence Township Officials that the postal ZIP Code 08648 has been approved for designation as Lawrence Township."</ref>

The township borders the Mercer County municipalities of Ewing Township, Hamilton Township, Hopewell Township, Princeton, Trenton and West Windsor.<ref>Areas touching Lawrence Township, MapIt. Accessed February 25, 2020.</ref><ref>Municipalities within Mercer County, NJ, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref><ref>New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

Demographics

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Template:US Census population

2010 census

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The 2010 United States census counted 33,472 people, 12,524 households, and 8,116 families in the township. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 13,239 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup was 69.68% (23,322) White, 10.76% (3,602) Black or African American, 0.20% (66) Native American, 14.10% (4,721) Asian, 0.09% (29) Pacific Islander, 2.73% (913) from other races, and 2.45% (819) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.48% (2,503) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/>

Of the 12,524 households, 29.2% had children under the age of 18; 51.1% were married couples living together; 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 35.2% were non-families. Of all households, 29.2% were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07.<ref name=Census2010/>

20.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 13.5% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 86.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 82.7 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $88,693 (with a margin of error of +/– $5,442) and the median family income was $108,743 (+/– $4,377). Males had a median income of $68,305 (+/– $6,890) versus $50,103 (+/– $5,345) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $43,136 (+/– $3,030). About 4.4% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.<ref>DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Lawrence township, Mercer County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 21, 2012.</ref>

2000 census

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As of the 2000 United States census<ref name="GR2" /> there were 29,159 people, 10,797 households, and 7,233 families residing in the township. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 11,180 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the township was 79.22% White, 9.28% African American, 0.08% Native American, 7.91% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.79% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.61% of the population.<ref name=Census2000>Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Lawrence township, Mercer County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 13, 2012.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Lawrence township, Mercer County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 13, 2012.</ref>

There were 10,797 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.05.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the township the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

The median income for a household in the township was $67,959, and the median income for a family was $82,704. Males had a median income of $56,681 versus $38,468 for females. The per capita income for the township was $33,120. About 2.6% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

Economy

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Lawrence Township is home to the headquarters of the Educational Testing Service<ref>Lawlor, Julia. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Lawrence Township, N.J.; Peace, Quiet and Community Involvement", The New York Times, March 21, 2004. Accessed November 19, 2012. "Lawrence Township is a popular place to live for people who work at the many pharmaceutical companies in the area, including Bristol-Myers Squibb, which has the headquarters for its research arm in the township. Educational Testing Service, is also located in Lawrence Township, although it has a Princeton mailing address."</ref> and Bristol-Myers Squibb's Research & Development Division.<ref>Princeton, New Jersey Bristol-Myers Squibb. Accessed July 13, 2012.</ref>

Quaker Bridge Mall is a two-level, indoor shopping center located in Lawrenceville on U.S. 1, near Interstate 295. The mall opened in 1975, and has over 100 retail establishments. The mall's anchor stores include J.C. Penney, Macy's, and Old Navy. The mall has a gross leasable area of Template:Convert.<ref>Quaker Bridge Mall, Simon Property Group. Accessed July 8, 2015.</ref> Quaker Bridge Mall also had a renovation in 2011–2012, and was finished around August 2012.

Lawrenceville has a small business district near the Lawrenceville School. The Lawrence Shopping Center and other businesses along U.S. Route 1 provide additional commercial clusters in the township.

The transmitter for WKXW-FM, better known as New Jersey 101.5, is located near the Quaker Bridge Mall.<ref>WKXW(FM), FCCInfo.com. Accessed July 8, 2015.</ref>

Government

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Local government

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Lawrence Township operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager form of municipal government, which was implemented in 1970. The township is one of 42 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.<ref>Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> The governing body is comprised of five Council Members who are elected at-large in partisan elections to serve four-year terms on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election in odd-numbered years as part of the November general election.<ref name=DataBook>2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 73.</ref><ref>"Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 12. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> At a reorganization meeting held in January after each election, a Mayor is selected by the council from among its members to serve a term of two years.<ref>Form of Government, Township of Lawrence. Accessed January 9, 2025. "Lawrence Township adopted a Council-Manager form of government in 1970. The Council-Manager Plan form of government was established under 'The Faulkner Act' (N.J.S.A. 40A:69A-81, et seq.). The governing body consists of five council members elected at large who serve four-year terms. The elections are partisan and occur every two years in November. The Mayor is elected by the council members and serves a two-year term."</ref>

Template:As of, members of the Lawrence Township Council are Mayor Patricia Hendricks Farmer (D, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2027), Chris Bobbitt (D, 2025), James S. Kownacki (D, 2025), Olympia I’Liou Perry (D, 2027) and John T. Ryan (D, 2027).<ref name=Council>Town Council, Township of Lawrence. Accessed May 29, 2024. "Lawrence Township operates under the Council/ Manager form of government and has done so since 1970."</ref><ref>2024 Municipal Data Sheet, Township of Lawrence. Accessed January 9, 2025.</ref><ref>Mercer County Clerk's Office; Elected Officials, Mercer County, New Jersey, updated January 2024. Accessed January 9, 2025.</ref><ref name=Mercer2023>General Election November 7, 2023 Official Results, Mercer County, New Jersey, November 22, 2023. Accessed January 1, 2024.</ref><ref name=Mercer2021>General Election November 2, 2021 Official Results, Mercer County, New Jersey, updated November 20, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.</ref>

In January 2023, the township council selected Catherin MacDuff to fill the seat expiring in December 2023 that had been held by Cathleen M. Lewis until she resigned from office earlier that month to take a seat on the Mercer County Board of County Commissioners.<ref>Kahn, Lea. "From Cathleen to Catherin: Lawrence Township Council appoints new member", CentralJersey.com, January 24, 2023. Accessed February 25, 2023. "The Lawrence Township Council has appointed lifelong resident Catherin “Catie” MacDuff to fill the vacancy on the council that was created by the resignation of former Township Councilwoman Cathleen Lewis in early January. MacDuff was chosen from among three nominees to fill the vacancy at the Lawrence Township Council’s Jan. 17 meeting. She will fill out the remainder of Lewis’ four-year term, which expires Dec. 31, 2023. Lewis, who is a Democrat, resigned from the Council Jan. 3. She was elected to the Mercer County Board of County Commissioners in the November general election, and was sworn into office at its Jan. 4 reorganization meeting."</ref>

In August 2015, the Township Council appointed Ian J. Dember on an interim basis to fill the seat expiring in December 2017 that had been held by Stephen Brame until his death the previous month.<ref>Abdur-Rahman, Sulaiman. "Lawrence Township Council appoints local lawyer to succeed the late Councilman Brame", The Trentonian, August 18, 2015. Accessed July 11, 2016. "At a public meeting on Tuesday, the elected members of Township Council voted to appoint Dember, 32, as the interim successor to the late Democratic Councilman Stephen Brame, whose seat on council has been vacant since he died July 29 of congestive heart failure."</ref><ref>Abdur-Rahman, Sulaiman. "Lawrence councilman's death triggers competitive special election", The Trentonian, October 31, 2015. Accessed July 11, 2016. "The July 29 death of sitting Councilman Stephen Brame places Lawrence Township voters in position to elect the successor who will serve for the remainder of the late Democratic councilman's term.... An interim councilman, Ian J. Dember, is currently serving in Brame's council seat on a temporary basis. Dember's interim term ends when a new councilman is elected Tuesday. The winner of that special election will serve for the remainder of Brame's term, which runs through 2017."</ref> In the November 2015 general election, Democrat Chris Bobbitt was elected to serve the balance of the term.<ref name=Mercer2015>Mercer County November 3, 2015 General Election Results, Mercer County, New Jersey, updated November 18, 2015. Accessed September 16, 2017.</ref>

Federal, state, and county representation

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Lawrence Township is located in the 3rd Congressional District<ref name=PCR2022>2022 Redistricting Plan, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 8, 2022.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district.<ref name=Districts2011>Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref><ref name=LWV2019>2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.</ref><ref>Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref>

Template:NJ Congress 03 Template:NJ Senate

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Template:NJ Mercer County Freeholders

New Jersey Lottery is headquartered in the One Lawrence Park Complex in Lawrence Township.<ref>Contact Us. New Jersey Lottery. Accessed March 23, 2009.</ref><ref>Lawrence township, Mercer County, NJTemplate:Dead link. United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 23, 2009.</ref>

Politics

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As of March 2011, there were a total of 19,237 registered voters in Lawrence Township, of which 7,718 (40.1%) were registered as Democrats, 3,152 (16.4%) were registered as Republicans and 8,342 (43.4%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 25 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.<ref>Voter Registration Summary - Mercer, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 21, 2012.</ref>

Presidential Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2024<ref name="2024Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican |29.2% 4,773 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic |68.2% 11,147 2.6% 433
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2020<ref name="2020Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican |28.0% 4,879 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic |70.5% 12,300 1.5% 265
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2016<ref name="2016Elections">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican |27.7% 4,231 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic |68.6% 10,490 3.6% 201
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2012<ref name="2012Elections2">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|31.9% 4,688 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|66.7% 9,798 1.4% 201
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2008<ref name="state.nj.us">2008 Presidential General Election Results: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 21, 2012.</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|31.9% 4,771 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|67.0% 10,025 1.1% 177
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2004<ref name="Presidential Election 2004">2004 Presidential Election: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 21, 2012.</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|37.2% 5,228 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|61.8% 8,658 1.0% 151

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.7% of the vote (9,798 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 31.9% (4,688 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (201 votes), among the 16,398 ballots cast by the township's 20,890 registered voters (1,711 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 78.5%.<ref name="2012Elections">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="2012VoterReg">Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.3% of the vote (10,025 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 31.6% (4,771 votes) and other candidates with 1.2% (177 votes), among the 15,115 ballots cast by the township's 19,981 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.6%.<ref name="state.nj.us"/>

Gubernatorial Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2021<ref name="2021Elections2">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|30.5% 3,259 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|68.5% 7,323 1.0% 102
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2017<ref name="2017Elections2">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|29.9% 2,777 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|68.0% 6,318 2.1% 199
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2013<ref name="2013Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|51.4% 4,634 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|46.6% 4,205 2.0% 178
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2009<ref name="2009 Governor: Mercer County">2009 Governor: Mercer County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 21, 2012.</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|38.1% 3,858 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|54.7% 5,528 6.2% 623
style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|2005<ref name="2005 Governor: Mercer County">[1], New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2005. Accessed November 21, 2024.</ref> style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Republican|38.4% 3,724 style="text-align:center; Template:Party shading/Democratic|58.2% 5,647 3.4% 339

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 51.4% of the vote (4,634 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 46.6% (4,205 votes), and other candidates with 2.0% (178 votes), among the 9,276 ballots cast by the township's 20,298 registered voters (259 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.7%.<ref name=2013VoterReg>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 54.7% of the vote (5,528 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 38.1% (3,858 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.3% (537 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (86 votes), among the 10,113 ballots cast by the township's 19,495 registered voters, yielding a 51.9% turnout.<ref name="2009 Governor: Mercer County"/>

Education

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Public schools

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File:Edith Memorial Chapel, Lawrenceville School (Lawrenceville, NJ).JPG
Edith Memorial Chapel at the Lawrenceville School

The Lawrence Township Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.<ref>Lawrence Township Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022. "Purpose The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre K through 12 in the Lawrence Township Public Schools. Composition The Lawrence Township Public Schools is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Lawrence Township."</ref> As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of seven schools, had an enrollment of 3,707 students and NA classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of NA:1.<ref name=NCES>District information for Lawrence Township Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.</ref> in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics<ref>School Data for the Lawrence Township Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.</ref>) are Eldridge Park Elementary School<ref>Eldridge Park Elementary School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with 203 students in grades K-3, Ben Franklin Elementary School<ref>Ben Franklin Elementary School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with NA students in grades PreK-3, Lawrenceville Elementary School<ref>Lawrenceville Elementary School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with 286 students in grades PreK-3, Slackwood Elementary School<ref>Slackwood Elementary School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with 219 students in grades K-3, Lawrence Intermediate School<ref>Lawrence Intermediate School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with 807 students in grades 4–6, Lawrence Middle School<ref>Lawrence Middle School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with 603 students in grades 7-8 and Lawrence High School<ref>Lawrence High School, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref> with 1,167 students in grades 9–12.<ref>School Directory, Lawrence Township Public Schools. Accessed July 15, 2022.</ref><ref>2021-2022 Public and Charter Schools Directory, Mercer County, New Jersey. Accessed July 1, 2022.</ref><ref>School Performance Reports for the Lawrence Township Public School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 1, 2024.</ref><ref>New Jersey School Directory for the Lawrence Township Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref>

Eighth grade students from all of Mercer County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Mercer County Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its Health Sciences Academy, STEM Academy and Academy of Culinary Arts, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.<ref>Heyboer, Kelly. "How to get your kid a seat in one of N.J.'s hardest-to-get-into high schools", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. "Mercer County has a stand-alone specialized high school for top students: a Health Sciences Academy at the district's Assunpink Center campus. The district also offers a STEM Academy at Mercer County Community College. How to apply: Students can apply online in the fall of their 8th grade year."</ref><ref>High School Programs, Mercer County Technical Schools. Accessed November 18, 2019.</ref>

Private schools

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Lawrence Township is home to two Catholic schools operated by the Diocese of Trenton: Notre Dame High School is a coeducational, Roman Catholic, college preparatory school for students in grades 9–12<ref>History, Notre Dame High School. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> and Saint Ann School, which was opened in 1964 and serves students in preK-3 through eighth grade.<ref>About Us, Saint Ann School. Accessed March 9, 2023. "It was 1962 when St. Ann Church pastor Father Joseph Keenan announced a building fund to construct a grammar school to accommodate the growing parish. Two years later, in September of 1964, Saint Ann School opened its doors for the first time under the guidance of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Newark."</ref><ref>Mercer County Catholic Schools, Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref>

Lawrenceville is home to the Lawrenceville School, a coeducational, independent boarding school for ninth through twelfth grades, founded in 1810, making it one of the nation's oldest boarding prep schools.<ref>Lawrenceville School, The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Accessed March 9, 2023. "One of the first preparatory boarding schools in the United States, Lawrenceville School was founded in 1810 as the Maidenhead Academy."</ref><ref>School History Template:Webarchive, Lawrenceville School. Accessed May 29, 2011.</ref>

Princeton Junior School is a private, co-educational school for students in grades K–6, now located on a Template:Convert site at 3270 Lawrenceville Road in Lawrence Township. The school was founded in 1983 in a church basement in Princeton.<ref>Kahn, Lea. "Princeton Junior School expands", CentralJersey.com, April 5, 2021. Accessed January 23, 2022. "The Princeton Junior School is a private, co-educational school for students in grades K-6, located at 3270 Lawrenceville Road in Lawrence Township.... His contribution is the single largest donation to the school, which was founded by Juliana McIntyre Fenn and Helen Craven in 1983 in a church basement in Princeton."</ref><ref>History & Traditions, Princeton Junior School. Accessed March 9, 2023. "The Princeton Junior School story began in 1983 in a church basement with four teachers and twelve preschool students under the leadership of co-founders, Juliana McIntyre Fenn and Helen Craven."</ref>

Colleges and universities

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File:Centennial Lake at Rider University.jpg
Centennial Lake at Rider University

Founded in 1865 and granted university status in 1992, Rider University is a private university with its main campus just south of Lawrenceville that serves nearly 6,000 undergraduate and graduate students.<ref>Facts & Figures, Rider University. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref>

Miscellaneous education

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Founded in 1947, Lawrence Township has been the headquarters location for the Educational Testing Service since 1964.<ref>Greenberg, Wendy. "A Look inside Princeton’s Educational Testing Service", Princeton Magazine. Accessed November 28, 2019. "In 1947, a small nonprofit organization with a mission of advancing equity in education began its work in a brick building at 20 Nassau Street in Princeton. After more than seven decades, Educational Testing Service (ETS), located since 1964 on a scenic campus off Rosedale Road just outside of Princeton in Lawrence Township, still adheres to its original mission to 'advance quality and equity in education' and 'measure knowledge and skills, promote learning and performance, and support education and professional development for all people worldwide.'"</ref>

The Princeton Community Japanese Language School teaches weekend Japanese classes for Japanese citizen children abroad to the standard of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and it also has classes for people with Japanese as a second language.<ref name=PCJLS>Home (Archive). Princeton Community Japanese Language School. Accessed May 9, 2014. "PCJLS Office 14 Moore Street, Princeton, NJ 08542" and "Sunday Office Rider University, Memorial Hall, Rm301"</ref> Courses are taught at Memorial Hall at Rider University.<ref>Direction & Map. Princeton Community Japanese Language School. Accessed May 9, 2014.</ref> The main office of the school is in Princeton although the office used on Sundays is in Memorial Hall.<ref name=PCJLS/>

Yinghua Chinese School: In May 2002, the residents including Asian/Chinese as well as non-Asian/Chinese population established a Chinese language school where students of all cultural and ethnic backgrounds could learn the Chinese language on Sunday afternoons. From September 2002 to June 2005, Lawrence Middle School was the host to YingHua Language School, which teaches Simplified Chinese to over 200 students. Between September 2005 to 2017, YingHua was residing in Rider University. Since 2018 Yinghua has been residing in Chapin School and offer classes on Sunday afternoons. During COVID19, Yinghua Chinese School has continued its teaching virtually.

Since 2001, HindiUSA has been offering classes in the Lawrence Middle School where all students can learn Hindi on Friday evenings. Starting 2012 the class was moved to Notre Dame High School.

Historic District

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The Lawrence Township Historic District is a Template:Convert historic district encompassing the community of Lawrenceville, consisting of a number of buildings along U.S. Route 206 (formerly King's Highway, as well as the Lincoln Highway), two early cemeteries associated with the Presbyterian Church of Lawrenceville (Est. 1697), and the Lawrenceville School. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 14, 1972 for its significance in architecture, landscape architecture, literature, military history, and transportation. The district includes 45 contributing buildings.<ref name="nrhpdoc">Template:Cite web With Template:NRHP url</ref>

Transportation

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Roads and highways

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File:2021-06-29 11 02 10 View north along Interstate 295 from the overpass for Mercer County Route 583 (Princeton Pike) in Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey.jpg
View north along Interstate 295 past U.S. Route 206 in Lawrence Township

Template:As of, the township had a total of Template:Convert of roadways, of which Template:Convert were maintained by the municipality, Template:Convert by Mercer County and Template:Convert by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.<ref>Mercer County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.</ref>

Several major transportation routes traverse the Township.<ref>Mercer County Highway Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> Interstate 295 runs through as a semicircle<ref>Interstate 295 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> while U.S. Route 1, the other major highway, bisects the municipality.<ref>U.S. Route 1 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2018. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> U.S. 1 is in effect three different roads: the original route from Trenton to New Brunswick in the southern half of the Township, the limited access Trenton Freeway, and the combined road in the northern half that serves as a regional arterial linking the Interstates with New Brunswick and Route 18.

U.S. Route 206 (Lawrence Road) is the main artery within the township itself, running from Trenton to Princeton roughly north-to-south.<ref>U.S. Route 206 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated June 2017. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> It is a segment of the historic Lincoln Highway, and before that, it was part of the main New York-Philadelphia Post road in the decades after the Revolutionary War.<ref>Kahn, Lea. "Lawrence: Route 206: A road with history", CentralJersey.com, February 29, 2012. Accessed March 9, 2023. "After the Revolutionary War, Route 206 evolved into a major road between New York City and Philadelphia, he said. Gen. Washington passed through Lawrence on Route 206, en route to his first inauguration in New York in 1789. 'I think it is fair to say that for a period of about 50 years, anyone who traveled between New York and Philadelphia passed through Maidenhead along today’s U.S. Route 206.'... The Lincoln Highway, as the coast-to-coast road was named, included Route 206 as the first leg of the road."</ref> Major county routes that pass through include County Route 533,<ref>County Route 533 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated November 2012. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> County Route 546<ref>County Route 533 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated October 2012. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref> and County Route 569.<ref>County Route 533 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated October 2012. Accessed March 9, 2023.</ref>

File:2021-07-16 10 55 46 View north along U.S. Route 1 (Trenton-New Brunswick Turnpike) from the overpass for the ramp to the Quaker Bridge Mall in Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey.jpg
View north along U.S. Route 1 at the Quaker Bridge Mall in Lawrence Township.

Lawrence Township had been the site of what was called the "abrupt ending" of Interstate 95. This was a result from politics in Somerset County that eliminated a planned connection of the Somerset Freeway to Interstate 287. Originally, when drivers travelled along I-95 north while approaching the interchange for U.S. Route 1, the 95 designation abruptly ended and the highway turned southward and became Interstate 295. Drivers wishing to continue north were required to use an alternate route, either by taking US 1 north, or continue along Interstate 295 south to Interstate 195 east and to the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) at Exit 7A in Robbinsville Township.<ref>Frassinelli, Mike. "N.J., Pennsylvania officials plan to close longtime gap on Route 95", The Star-Ledger, September 7, 2010, Updated April 1, 2019. Accessed November 28, 2019.</ref> This portion of interstate (between the Hopewell Township border and U.S. 1) was renumbered from I-95 to I-295 in May 2018.<ref>Schedule, I95Link.com. Accessed November 28, 2019.</ref>

Public transportation

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The busy Northeast Corridor rail line, carrying Amtrak and NJ Transit trains, runs along the eastern edge of the township. The nearest stations are in Hamilton, Trenton, Princeton and Princeton Junction.

NJ Transit provides bus service to Trenton on the 600, 603, 605, 606, 609 and 613 routes, and local service on route 612.<ref>Mercer County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2012.</ref><ref>Mercer County Rider Guide Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed November 27, 2019.</ref>

A rail spur used to run to Lawrenceville from Trenton, but was discontinued in the 1970s and is now a bicycle trail. From Lawrenceville, a trolley line to Princeton existed from 1900 to 1941, but was dismantled before World War II, and the right-of-way largely has reverted to neighboring landowners.<ref>East Meets West (and South) at RCN, Lawrence Greenway News, Fall 2000.</ref>

The nearest commercial airport is Trenton-Mercer Airport, formerly known as the Mercer County Airport, in Ewing Township with nonstop service to 10 major cities in the eastern half of the United States. Lawrence Township is roughly equidistant to the other two nearby commercial airports, Philadelphia International Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport.

Points of interest

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The Port Mercer Canal House is located at 4378 Quakerbridge Road, along the Delaware and Raritan Canal near the border of West Windsor and Princeton. The house was built in the 1830s as housing for the bridge tender and his family. The bridge tender was needed to open the swing bridge when canal boats came through, then close it to allow traffic to cross over the canal.<ref>Port Mercer Canal House, Lawrence Historical Society. Accessed November 28, 2019. "The Port Mercer Canal House was built in the 1830s next to a swing bridge over the Delaware and Raritan Canal to house the bridgetender and his family."</ref>

The Delaware and Raritan Canal has an intact walking towpath for most of its length. Additional walking trail areas in the township include Shipetaukin Woods, Carson Road Woods, and part of Rosedale Park. Lawrence Township is part of the Lawrence Hopewell Trail,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> currently under development.<ref>Professor Pathfinder's Princeton map, Hedberg Maps, Inc. ©2006</ref>

File:Brearley Oak, Lawrence Township, NJ - May 2013.jpg
Brearley Oak (May 2013)

Jasna Polana was the home of John Seward Johnson I of Johnson & Johnson. His widow converted it into Tournament Players Club at Jasna Polana golf course.

Terhune Orchards is a winery and produce farm.

Colonial Lake, a man-made lake covering Template:Convert, is the centerpiece of the township's Colonial Lake Park.<ref>Colonial Lake Park, Lawrence Township. Accessed November 28, 2019. "A 25 acre lake serves as the focal point of this park which also includes tennis on three courts, exercise on the jogging path and play opportunities on a variety of playground equipment."</ref>

The Brearley Oak, the largest Black Oak tree in New Jersey, is located along the Princeton Pike.<ref>New Jersey 2013-2014 Champion Big Tree Register, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Parks and Forestry. Accessed April 21, 2015.</ref>

Climate

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According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lawrence Township has a Hot-summer Humid continental climate (Dfa).

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Ecology

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According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Lawrence Township would have a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak (104) with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest (25).<ref name="Conservation Biology Institute">U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions), Data Basin, Accessed November 26, 2019.</ref>

Notable people

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Template:Category see also People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Lawrence Township include:

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References

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