Foreign relations of Uzbekistan

Template:Politics of UzbekistanUzbekistan joined the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991. However, it is opposed to reintegration and withdrew from the CIS collective security arrangement in 1999. Since that time, Uzbekistan has participated in the CIS peacekeeping force in Tajikistan and in United Nations-organized groups to help solve the Tajik and Afghan conflicts, both of which it sees as posing threats to its own stability. Uzbekistan is an active supporter of U.S. efforts against worldwide terrorism and joined the coalitions which have dealt with both Afghanistan and Iraq (although, in 2005, relations with the U.S. were strained after the May 2005 unrest and Uzbekistan demanded that the U.S. leave Karshi-Khanabad). It is a member of the United Nations, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Partnership for Peace, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). It belongs to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Economic Cooperation Organization, which comprises 7 Central Asian countries: Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It is a founding member of and remains involved in the Central Asian Union, formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan.

In 1999, Uzbekistan joined the GUAM alliance (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova), which was formed in 1997 (temporarily making it GUUAM until Uzbekistan withdrew in 2005). Uzbekistan is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and hosts the SCO's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent. Uzbekistan is also candidate state of the new Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It is a founding member of and remains involved in the Central Asian Union, formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan.

Finland

In 2006, Antti Turunen, head of the Finnish Foreign Ministry's Eastern European and Central Asian department, led a European Union fact-finding mission to Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The Uzbek deputy foreign minister had indicated that the Uzbek government was interested in talks with the EU during a visit to Helsinki, Finland in June 2006, just before Finland assumed the EU presidency. Radio Free Europe journalists spoke to Turunen on September 1. Turunen's visit to Uzbekistan was the first EU visit since October, when sanctions were imposed after the Uzbek government refused to allow an international investigation into the Andijan massacre.<ref name=UZBEK>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Clarence Moore House.JPG

Embassy of Uzbekistan in Washington, D.C.

Turunen said that the visit went smoothly and that Uzbek Foreign Minister Vladimir Norov offered a warm reception. The EU delegation met with officials from the Justice Ministry, the Attorney General's office, and Uzbek parliament members. He stressed that the real issue for the EU was the Uzbek government's response to the Andijan massacre and human rights abuses.<ref name=UZBEK/> He said Russia-Uzbek relations and possible EU development of Uzbek energy reserves were not directly discussed but that EU investment might be possible in this area.<ref name=UZBEK/>

Persian Gulf states

On 31 March 2009, Uzbekistan and the Sultanate of Oman agreed upon a legal framework to protect Omani investments in central Asia and guarantee trade from both nations was free from double taxation. The Sultanate's government had been pursuing economic diversification and privatisation policies for nearly a decade after signeding similar agreements with thirty other trading partners.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Netherlands

In July 2024, the ambassador of Uzbekistan met Director of the Europe Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Erik Weststrate, to discuss bilateral and multilateral cooperation.<ref>Uzbekistan and the Netherlands discuss cooperation in political, economic and cultural areas</ref>

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Uzbekistan maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Uzbekistan.svg
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Relations by country

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Template:Flag		See Afghanistan–Uzbekistan relations
Template:Flag	1995	See Armenia–Uzbekistan relations The countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1995 by protocol.<ref name="mfa.uz">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Uzbekistan is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area.
Template:Flag	1995	See Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations The countries established diplomatic relations on 2 October 1995 by protocol.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tashkent.<ref name=":0" /> Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku.<ref name=":0" />
Template:Flag	1992	Belarus has an embassy in Tashkent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Uzbekistan has an embassy in Minsk. Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community, of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and of the Commonwealth of Independent States
Template:Flag	1992-09-12	See Bulgaria–Uzbekistan relations Bulgaria has an embassy in Tashkent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Uzbekistan is represented in Bulgaria through a non resident ambassador based in Tashkent (in the Foreign Ministry.)<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	3 January 1992<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	See China–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an embassy in Beijing and two consulate-generals in Guangzhou and Shanghai. China has an embassy in Tashkent.
Template:Flag	2006	Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 13, 2006.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Uzbekistan is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in the United States. Cuba is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Azerbaijan. In May 1963, Fidel Castro visited the Uzbek SSR on an official visit, being bosted by the Uzbek Communist First Secretary Sharof Rashidov.<ref>Riccardo Mario Cucciolla, Sharaf Rashidov and the international dimensions of Soviet Uzbekistan, Central Asian Survey, 39, 2, 2020, pp. 185-201 (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2019.1708269)</ref> In 2016, Cuba became the only country in the world (other than Uzbekistan itself) that declared an official period of mourning in connection with the death of President Islam Karimov, with many speculating that this was because of Castro's reported liking towards the late Uzbek leader.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:GER	1992	See Germany–Uzbekistan relations Germany has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate general in Frankfurt.
Template:Flag	18 March 1992	See India–Uzbekistan relations India has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in New Delhi.
Template:Flag	23 June 1992	See Indonesia–Uzbekistan relations On 28 December 1991, Indonesia has recognized the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the dissolved Soviet Union. Uzbekistan realized the strategic importance of Indonesia, home to the world's biggest Muslim population and Southeast Asia's biggest economy.<ref name="JPUzbek">Template:Cite web</ref> Indonesia recognizes Uzbekistan's strategic importance as the gate to Central Asia, a growing economy and a potential market.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Indonesia has an embassy in Tashkent that is also accredited to Kyrgyzstan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Uzbekistan has an embassy in Jakarta.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	1991	See Iran–Uzbekistan relations The two countries have deep cultural and historical ties, and Uzbekistan is considered as a part of Greater Iran. Iran has been especially active in pursuing economic projects and social, cultural, and diplomatic initiatives in Uzbekistan. The two nations have also worked on overland links and other joint ventures. The countries' conflicting political set-ups (Iran's Islamic theocracy versus Uzbekistan's secular republic) does not appear to have deterred efforts to improve relations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag		See Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan relations
Template:Flag		See Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan dominates southern Kyrgyzstan both economically and politically, based on the large Uzbek population in that region of Kyrgyzstan and on economic and geographic conditions.<ref name=cs>Martha Brill Olcott. "Central Asian Neighbors". Kyrgyzstan: a country study Template:Webarchive (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (March 1996). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref>
Template:Flag	1992<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	See Malaysia–Uzbekistan relations Malaysia has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
Template:Flag	14 January 1992	Mexico is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Uzbekistan is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	2 July 2008	Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 2, 2008.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref> Both countries are full members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Template:Flag		See Pakistan–Uzbekistan relations Relations between the two states were established when the republic of Uzbekistan became independent following the collapse of the USSR, the relations between the two countries were initially strained by the situation in Afghanistan which both countries border as they supported different Afghan factions.<ref name="BBC">Template:Cite news</ref> However relations improved after the fall of the Taliban, both countries seeking to improve relations for the sake of trade, Pakistan wishing to gain access to Central Asian markets and landlocked Uzbekistan to access ports on the Indian Ocean.<ref name="BBC"/>
Template:Flag	1992-03-19	See Poland–Uzbekistan relations Poland has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Warsaw and an honorary consulate in Poznań.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	1995-10-06	See Romania–Uzbekistan relations Romania recognized Uzbekistan's independence on December 20, 1991. Romania has an embassy in Tashkent, although Uzbekistan does not have any representation in Romania. Romania sees Uzbekistan as a potentially important partner in Central Asia, where it is trying to increase its standing, while Uzbekistan hopes to receive increased access to technology and European markets via Romania.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	1992	Uzbekistan has an embassy in Moscow Russia has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan was once a former Soviet Socialist republic. It still has strong ties to Russia and the West. In the aftermath of the May 2005 unrest, Uzbekistan demanded that the United States leave the base at Karshi-Khanabad. In November 2005, both presidents Islam Karimov and Vladimir Putin had signed a mutual cooperation agreement in Moscow.
Template:Flag	29 January 1992<ref name="mofa.go.kr">Template:Cite web</ref>	See South Korea–Uzbekistan relations Number of Ethnic Koreans living in Uzbekistan: About 180,000 (Largest number among the CIS nations).<ref name="mofa.go.kr"/>
Template:Flag		See Spain–Uzbekistan relations Spain is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Madrid.
Template:Flag		Tajikistan has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Dushanbe. Western analysts say that the two countries are "engaged in an undeclared cold war".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community, the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Template:Flag	March 4, 1992<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	See Turkey–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an embassy in Tashkent and a Consulate General in Samarkand since 7 March 2021<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Economic Cooperation Organization, International Organization of Turkic Culture, OIC, TAKM, Turkic Council, TURKPA, OSCE and WTO. Trade volume between the two countries was US$2.3 billion in 2019 (Uzbek exports/imports: 1.14/1.23 billion USD.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Turkey was the first country that recognized Uzbekistan's independence in 1991.
Template:Flag		Template:Main
Template:Flag	1992	Template:Main
Template:Flag	Template:Date table sorting	See United Kingdom–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 18 February 1992. Uzbekistan maintains an embassy in London.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The United Kingdom is accredited to Uzbekistan through its embassy in Tashkent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both countries share common membership of the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag	1992	See United States–Uzbekistan relations The United States recognized the independence of Uzbekistan on December 25, 1991, and opened an embassy in Tashkent in March 1992. The United States has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulate–general in New York City.

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Uzbekistan
• List of diplomatic missions of Uzbekistan
• Politics of Uzbekistan

External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan
• Uzbekistan To Boost Cooperation With Malaysia
• EU Delegation Visits Uzbekistan
• Turkmenistan closes border with Uzbekistan