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Demographics of Indonesia

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:EngvarB Template:Infobox place demographics

File:Historic population of Indonesia.svg
Historical population
File:Indonesian kids in Museum.jpg
Indonesian students during a school excursion to a museum; Indonesia currently possesses a relatively young population.

The population of Indonesia was 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census, an increase from 237.64 million in 2010.<ref name="bps2020">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="bps2010">Template:Cite web</ref> The official estimate as at mid 2025 was 284.44 million increasing at a rate of 1.11% per year.<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, 2025.</ref><ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2023 ~(https://webapi.bps.go.id/download.php?f=603cXqPpJ1BhatsSfWE2yuhpRf3enmqavnkjhP1pvbLequb3n+oKUmXTRDpHn5lKFsTwDIXGUfWQB9T673DIELvjplkdUUuC2CggpdYbesXDeJGhuZe3MmwR0n6KDrcuobXbIM6h6f4XFVQcUcDvTgfOR7v0VF+ndkXkdeidcrwsp8LXQ8EEX5DP4lmBSwIQiXV7pshJjDbTb0QmuSigNSpIwyo4UJLeLJJ4NbeoCFQlQDgwCyeRXK5Qqj8sAvoWX0i1p5E64FCvTfUicFGpDQ==Template:Dead link).</ref> Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. Approximately 54.4% of Indonesia's population resides on Java (excluding Madura), which is the most populous island in the world.

Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since 1967,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Indonesia's average population growth per year was over 1.1% for the decade ending in 2020, nearly having 13% population growth for that decade. At this rate, Indonesia's population is no longer projected to surpass the population of the United States (whose population is increasing at a faster rate), and it is itself projected by the United Nations to be overtaken in population by Nigeria and by Pakistan by 2040.

Indonesia has a relatively young population compared to Western nations, though it is aging as the country's birth rate has slowed and its life expectancy has increased. The median age was 30.2 years in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The country is home to over 600 ethnic groups and more than 700 languages, making it one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse nations in the world. Since independence, Indonesian is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Most Indonesians, however, speak a regional language as their first language. These include Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Buginese, Balinese, and Batak, along with hundreds of others.

Population

[edit]
Historical Population of Indonesia with Annual Growth Rate
Year Population ±% p.a.
1 2,000,000 —
1000 3,500,000 +0.06%
1500 7,750,000 +0.16%
1700 9,500,000 +0.10%
1930 60,727,233 +0.81%
1955 77,473,268 +0.98%
1961 97,085,348 +3.83%
1971 119,208,229 +2.07%
1976 141,862,419 +3.54%
1980 147,490,298 +0.98%
1990 179,378,946 +1.98%
2000 206,264,595 +1.41%
2010 237,641,326 +1.43%
2020 270,203,917 +1.29%

Source: Our World in Data,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Statistics Indonesia,<ref name="bps2020"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Wertheim (1959),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Geografi dan Kependudukan (1976),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Widjojo Nitisastro (2006)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Population by province

[edit]
Province Population
(2010 census) 		Urban %
in 2010 		Total
Fertility
Rate

(2010 census)

Population
(2020 census) 		Urban %
in 2022<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 		Total Fertility

rate (2020 census)

Aceh 4,494,410 Template:Percentage bar 2.79 5,274,900 Template:Percentage bar
North Sumatra 12,982,204 Template:Percentage bar 3.01 14,799,400 Template:Percentage bar 2.48
West Sumatra 4,846,909 Template:Percentage bar 2.91 5,534,500 Template:Percentage bar 2.46
Riau 5,538,367 Template:Percentage bar 2.82 6,394,100 Template:Percentage bar 2.28
Jambi 3,092,265 Template:Percentage bar 2.51 3,548,200 Template:Percentage bar 2.28
South Sumatra 7,450,394 Template:Percentage bar 2.56 8,467,400 Template:Percentage bar 2.23
Bengkulu 1,715,518 Template:Percentage bar 2.51 2,010,700 Template:Percentage bar 2.30
Lampung 7,608,405 Template:Percentage bar 2.45 9,007,800 Template:Percentage bar 2.28
Bangka Belitung Islands 1,223,296 Template:Percentage bar 2.54 1,455,700 Template:Percentage bar 2.24
Riau Islands 1,679,163 Template:Percentage bar 2.38 2,064,600 Template:Percentage bar 2.21
Banten 10,632,166 Template:Percentage bar 2.35 11,904,600 Template:Percentage bar 2.01
Jakarta 9,607,787 Template:Percentage bar 1.82 10,562,100 Template:Percentage bar 1.75
West Java 43,053,732 Template:Percentage bar 2.43 48,274,200 Template:Percentage bar 2.11
Central Java 32,382,657 Template:Percentage bar 2.20 36,516,000 Template:Percentage bar 2.09
Yogyakarta 3,457,491 Template:Percentage bar 1.94 3,668,700 Template:Percentage bar 1.89
East Java 37,476,757 Template:Percentage bar 2.00 40,665,700 Template:Percentage bar 1.98
Bali 3,890,757 Template:Percentage bar 2.13 4,317,400 Template:Percentage bar 2.04
West Nusa Tenggara 4,500,212 Template:Percentage bar 2.59 5,320,100 Template:Percentage bar
East Nusa Tenggara 4,683,827 Template:Percentage bar 3.82 5,325,600 Template:Percentage bar 2.79
West Kalimantan 4,395,983 Template:Percentage bar 2.64 5,414,400 Template:Percentage bar 2.33
Central Kalimantan 2,212,089 Template:Percentage bar 2.56 2,670,000 Template:Percentage bar 2.31
South Kalimantan 3,626,616 Template:Percentage bar 2.35 4,073,600 Template:Percentage bar 2.31
East Kalimantan 3,028,487 Template:Percentage bar 2.61 3,766,000 Template:Percentage bar 2.18
North Kalimantan 524,656 701,800 Template:Percentage bar
North Sulawesi 2,270,596 Template:Percentage bar 2.43 2,621,900 Template:Percentage bar 2.10
Gorontalo 1,040,164 Template:Percentage bar 2.76 1,171,700 Template:Percentage bar 2.30
Central Sulawesi 2,635,009 Template:Percentage bar 2.94 2,985,700 Template:Percentage bar 2.32
South Sulawesi 8,034,776 Template:Percentage bar 2.55 9,073,500 Template:Percentage bar 2.22
Southeast Sulawesi 2,232,586 Template:Percentage bar 3.20 2,624,900 Template:Percentage bar 2.57
West Sulawesi 1,158,651 -- 3.33 1,419,200 Template:Percentage bar 2.58
Maluku 1,533,506 Template:Percentage bar 3.56 1,848,900 Template:Percentage bar 2.52
North Maluku 1,038,087 Template:Percentage bar 3.35 1,282,900 Template:Percentage bar 2.47
Papua 2,833,381 Template:Percentage bar 2.87 4,303,700 Template:Percentage bar 2.76
West Papua 760,422 -- 3.18 1,134,100 Template:Percentage bar 2.66
Indonesia 237,641,326 2.41 270,203,900 Template:Percentage bar 2.18

Source: Population Census 2010,<ref name="bps2010"/> except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020.

Note: (a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).

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Age structure

[edit]
0-14 years: 23.33%
15-64 years: 70.72%
65 years and over: 5.95% (2020 census)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Pie chart

File:Median age of Indonesia by district (kecamatan) (2022).svg
Median age of Indonesia by district (2022)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data are based on the publication: "Indonesia Population Projection 2015-2045"):<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 135 337 011 134 266 419 269 603 430 100
0–4 11 101 528 10 850 465 21 951 993 8.14
5–9 11 205 657 10 739 503 21 945 160 8.14
10–14 11 284 333 10 884 509 22 168 842 8.22
15–19 11 189 861 10 949 531 22 139 392 8.21
20–24 11 070 774 10 887 555 21 958 329 8.14
25–29 10 963 605 10 736 361 21 699 966 8.05
30–34 10 777 337 10 524 673 21 302 010 7.90
35–39 10 477 475 10 305 704 20 783 179 7.71
40–44 9 830 929 9 693 109 19 524 038 7.24
45–49 9 140 315 9 023 924 18 164 239 6.74
50–54 7 975 551 7 947 477 15 923 028 5.91
55–59 6 632 329 6 691 467 13 323 796 4.94
60–64 5 234 762 5 287 052 10 521 814 3.90
65-69 3 758 966 3 921 263 7 680 229 2.85
70-74 2 485 308 2 757 062 5 242 370 1.94
75+ 2 208 281 3 066 764 5 275 045 1.96
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 33 591 518 32 474 477 66 065 995 24.50
15–64 93 292 938 92 046 853 185 339 791 68.75
65+ 8 452 555 9 745 089 18 197 644 6.75

Vital statistics

[edit]
File:Indonesia provinces fertility rate 2017.svg
Fertility rate of Indonesia by province (2017)

United Nations estimates

[edit]
Period Population
(thousands) 		Live births
(thousands) 		Deaths
(thousands) 		Natural change
(thousands) 		CBRTemplate:Efn-lr CDRTemplate:Efn-lr NCTemplate:Efn-lr TFRTemplate:Efn-lr IMRTemplate:Efn-lr Life expectancy
(years)
1950 69 568 2 826 1 505 1 321 40.6 21.6 19.0 5.19 189.1 39.40
1951 71 019 2 926 1 522 1 404 41.2 21.4 19.8 5.23 186.8 39.79
1952 72 571 3 035 1 517 1 518 41.8 20.9 20.9 5.27 182.0 40.69
1953 74 208 3 146 1 526 1 620 42.4 20.6 21.8 5.31 177.4 41.42
1954 75 925 3 257 1 533 1 723 42.9 20.2 22.7 5.35 172.9 42.19
1955 77 742 3 359 1 542 1 817 43.2 19.8 23.4 5.37 168.4 42.92
1956 79 662 3 475 1 544 1 931 43.6 19.4 24.2 5.41 164.0 43.80
1957 81 691 3 589 1 556 2 033 43.9 19.0 24.9 5.45 159.8 44.50
1958 83 819 3 701 1 575 2 126 44.2 18.8 25.4 5.48 155.8 45.05
1959 86 048 3 811 1 578 2 233 44.3 18.3 26.0 5.51 151.9 45.86
1960 88 383 3 929 1 593 2 337 44.5 18.0 26.4 5.55 148.3 46.45
1961 90 817 4 031 1 602 2 429 44.4 17.6 26.7 5.57 144.8 47.12
1962 93 345 4 127 1 603 2 523 44.2 17.2 27.0 5.59 141.4 47.87
1963 95 963 4 217 1 614 2 603 43.9 16.8 27.1 5.60 138.1 48.43
1964 98 675 4 304 1 609 2 695 43.6 16.3 27.3 5.61 134.8 49.23
1965 101 158 4 380 2 121 2 259 43.3 21.0 22.3 5.62 142.7 42.60
1966 103 561 4 426 1 740 2 686 42.7 16.8 25.9 5.60 129.5 48.20
1967 106 261 4 468 1 596 2 871 42.0 15.0 27.0 5.58 124.8 51.07
1968 109 139 4 503 1 594 2 909 41.3 14.6 26.7 5.54 121.4 51.63
1969 112 149 4 555 1 582 2 973 40.6 14.1 26.5 5.51 118.0 52.35
1970 115 228 4 596 1 576 3 021 39.9 13.7 26.2 5.45 114.6 52.99
1971 118 347 4 627 1 570 3 056 39.1 13.3 25.8 5.36 111.5 53.58
1972 121 504 4 667 1 560 3 107 38.4 12.8 25.6 5.29 108.4 54.24
1973 124 709 4 720 1 554 3 166 37.9 12.5 25.4 5.22 105.3 54.85
1974 127 945 4 727 1 547 3 180 37.0 12.1 24.9 5.09 102.3 55.43
1975 131 213 4 783 1 544 3 239 36.5 11.8 24.7 5.04 99.4 55.97
1976 134 521 4 813 1 540 3 273 35.8 11.5 24.3 4.92 96.8 56.51
1977 137 862 4 849 1 534 3 315 35.2 11.1 24.0 4.81 94.1 57.08
1978 141 251 4 908 1 535 3 373 34.7 10.9 23.9 4.72 91.6 57.57
1979 144 693 4 952 1 530 3 422 34.2 10.6 23.7 4.61 89.3 58.15
1980 148 177 4 981 1 521 3 460 33.6 10.3 23.4 4.49 86.9 58.75
1981 151 686 4 997 1 526 3 472 33.0 10.1 22.9 4.36 84.6 59.14
1982 155 229 5 036 1 514 3 522 32.4 9.8 22.7 4.25 82.3 59.76
1983 158 791 5 016 1 507 3 508 31.6 9.5 22.1 4.10 79.9 60.27
1984 162 332 4 986 1 502 3 484 30.7 9.3 21.5 3.94 77.6 60.73
1985 165 792 4 836 1 481 3 355 29.2 8.9 20.2 3.71 75.2 61.31
1986 169 135 4 736 1 472 3 264 28.0 8.7 19.3 3.53 72.8 61.72
1987 172 421 4 732 1 481 3 251 27.4 8.6 18.9 3.42 70.4 61.97
1988 175 695 4 738 1 495 3 244 27.0 8.5 18.5 3.33 68.0 62.21
1989 178 949 4 707 1 487 3 220 26.3 8.3 18.0 3.22 65.6 62.70
1990 182 160 4 647 1 477 3 170 25.5 8.1 17.4 3.10 63.1 63.18
1991 185 361 4 702 1 484 3 218 25.4 8.0 17.4 3.06 60.6 63.54
1992 188 558 4 644 1 468 3 176 24.6 7.8 16.8 2.94 58.1 64.13
1993 191 737 4 652 1 464 3 188 24.3 7.6 16.6 2.88 55.7 64.60
1994 194 929 4 681 1 481 3 201 24.0 7.6 16.4 2.84 53.3 64.86
1995 198 140 4 714 1 487 3 227 23.8 7.5 16.3 2.80 51.0 65.24
1996 201 374 4 762 1 519 3 244 23.6 7.5 16.1 2.77 48.9 65.36
1997 204 628 4 797 1 526 3 271 23.4 7.5 16.0 2.74 46.8 65.73
1998 207 855 4 744 1 544 3 200 22.8 7.4 15.4 2.66 44.8 65.96
1999 210 997 4 683 1 559 3 123 22.2 7.4 14.8 2.58 42.9 66.22
2000 214 072 4 680 1 581 3 099 21.9 7.4 14.5 2.54 41.1 66.43
2001 217 112 4 679 1 591 3 088 21.5 7.3 14.2 2.50 39.5 66.76
2002 220 115 4 662 1 596 3 066 21.2 7.2 13.9 2.46 37.8 67.13
2003 223 080 4 658 1 612 3 046 20.9 7.2 13.7 2.43 36.3 67.41
2004 225 939 4 678 1 807 2 871 20.7 8.0 12.7 2.42 36.9 65.75
2005 228 805 4 746 1 679 3 067 20.7 7.3 13.4 2.43 33.5 67.65
2006 231 797 4 819 1 698 3 121 20.8 7.3 13.5 2.45 32.2 67.91
2007 234 858 4 923 1 719 3 205 21.0 7.3 13.6 2.49 31.0 68.19
2008 237 937 4 927 1 763 3 164 20.7 7.4 13.3 2.48 29.8 68.23
2009 240 981 4 913 1 780 3 133 20.4 7.4 13.0 2.46 28.7 68.49
2010 244 016 4 920 1 807 3 112 20.2 7.4 12.8 2.45 27.6 68.68
2011 247 100 5 029 1 843 3 186 20.3 7.5 12.9 2.50 26.5 68.82
2012 250 223 5 028 1 875 3 153 20.1 7.5 12.6 2.49 25.6 68.97
2013 253 276 4 917 1 889 3 029 19.4 7.5 12.0 2.43 24.6 69.26
2014 256 230 4 857 1 904 2 953 19.0 7.4 11.5 2.39 23.7 69.53
2015 259 092 4 780 1 933 2 847 18.4 7.5 11.0 2.35 22.8 69.70
2016 261 850 4 718 1 972 2 746 18.0 7.5 10.5 2.31 22.0 69.80
2017 264 499 4 634 2 004 2 629 17.5 7.6 9.9 2.26 21.2 69.94
2018 267 067 4 588 2 002 2 586 17.2 7.5 9.7 2.23 20.5 70.34
2019 269 583 4 559 2 032 2 526 16.9 7.5 9.4 2.22 19.8 70.52
2020 271 858 4 526  2 437 2 089 16.6 9.0 7.7 2.19 19.2 68.81
2021 273 753 4 496 2 755 1 741 16.4 10.1 6.4 2.18 18.6 67.57
Template:Notelist-lr

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022<ref>Template:Cite UN WPP</ref> Template:GraphChart Template:GraphChart Template:GraphChart Template:GraphChart

Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Year Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1981-1983 4.3
1987 3.4 (3.1) 2.9 (2.6) 3.7 (3.4)
1991 25.1 3.02 (2.50) 24.0 2.60 (2.03) 25.6 3.24 (2.73)
1994 2.9 (2.4) 2.3 (1.8) 3.2 (2.7)
1997 2.8 (2.4) 2.4 (2.0) 3.0 (2.6)
2002-2003 21.9 2.6 (2.2) 22.1 2.4 (2.1) 21.7 2.7 (2.3)
2007 20.9 2.6 (2.2) 20.2 2.3 (2.0) 21.5 2.8 (2.4)
2012 20.4 2.6 (2.0) 20.1 2.4 (1.9) 20.7 2.8 (2.2)
2017 18.1 2.4 (2.1) 17.7 2.3 (1.9) 18.5 2.6 (2.2)

Fertility rate and aging population (by province)

[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:<ref>http://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/2014/09/Indonesian_Ageing_Monograph-print-version1.pdfTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Province Total fertility rate Population over age 60 (2010)
2010 2020
North Sumatera 3.01 2.48 5.9
West Sumatera 2.91 2.46 8.1
Riau 2.82 2.28 4.0
Jambi 2.51 2.28 5.5
South Sumatera 2.56 2.23 6.2
Bengkulu 2.51 2.30 5.8
Lampung 2.45 2.28 7.2
Bangka Belitung 2.54 2.24 5.8
Kepulauan Riau 2.38 2.21 3.4
Jakarta 1.82 1.75 5.1
West Java 2.43 2.11 7.0
Central Java 2.20 2.09 10.3
Yogyakarta 1.94 1.89 12.9
East Java 2.00 1.98 10.4
Banten 2.35 2.01 4.6
Bali 2.13 2.04 9.7
East Nusa Tenggara 3.82 2.79 7.4
West Kalimantan 2.64 2.33 5.8
Central Kalimantan 2.56 2.31 4.6
South Kalimantan 2.35 2.31 5.8
East Kalimantan 2.61 2.18 4.0
North Sulawesi 2.43 2.10 8.4
Central Sulawesi 2.94 2.32 6.6
South Sulawesi 2.55 2.22 8.2
Southeast Sulawesi 3.20 2.57 5.8
Gorontalo 2.76 2.30 5.9
West Sulawesi 3.33 2.58 6.2
Maluku 3.56 2.52 6.2
North Maluku 3.35 2.47 4.8
West Papua 3.18 2.66 3.2
Papua 2.87 2.76 2.4

Marriages and Divorces

[edit]
Marriages and Divorces in Indonesia
Year Mid-year population Marriages Divorces
2007 234,858,000 1,944,569 175,713
2008 237,937,000 2,194,037 193,189
2009 240,981,000 2,162,115 223,371
2010 238,518,800 2,207,224 285,184
2011 247,100,000 2,319,821 276,791
2012 250,223,000 2,289,648 346,480
2013 253,276,000 2,210,046 324,247
2014 256,230,000 2,110,776 344,237
2015 255,587,500 1,958,394 347,256
2016 258,496,500 1,837,185 365,633
2018 264,161,600 2,016,171 408,202
2019 266,911,900 1,968,978 439,002
2020 270,203,900 1,780,346 291,677
2021 272,682,500 1,742,049 447,743
2022 275,773,000 1,705,348 516,344
2023 278,696,200 1,577,255 463,654
2024 281,603,800 1,478,302 394,608

Note: No data is available for 2017.

<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ethnic groups

[edit]

Template:Bar box Template:Main article Template:Also Indonesia is a country of great ethnic diversity, with approximately 600 distinct indigenous ethnic groups living side by side across more than 17,000 islands.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The majority of Indonesia's population is descended from Austronesian peoples who are concentrated in western and central Indonesia, which is part of the Asian continent. Another large group is the Melanesian peoples, who inhabit the eastern part of Indonesia (the Maluku Islands, Western New Guinea, and the East Nusa Tenggara) in Oceania.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, accounting for 40.2% of the population and are culturally, economically, and politically dominant. The Javanese are concentrated in Java, the most populous island, especially in the central and eastern parts, and also in significant numbers in most provinces due to extensive migration throughout the archipelago. The Sundanese are the next largest group (15.4%), followed by the Malays, Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, and Bugis. A sense of Indonesian nationalism is present along with strong ethnic and regional identities.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Languages

[edit]

Template:Main article

Indonesian is the official and national language of Indonesia,<ref>Template:Cite wikisource</ref> widely spoken by over 97% of the population.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> However, Indonesia is a highly multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 regional languages spoken across the Indonesian archipelago. This extensive linguistic diversity accounts for about 10% of the world’s total languages, making Indonesia the second most linguistically diverse country in the world.<ref name="Ethnologue2009">Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The majority of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which is prevalent in the western and central regions of Indonesia, including languages such as Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Balinese, Banjarese and Buginese. In contrast, the eastern regions, particularly Papua and the Maluku Islands, are home to over 270 Papuan languages, which are distinct from the Austronesian language family and represent a unique linguistic heritage.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The most widely spoken language as a mother tongue is Javanese, spoken by over 80 million speakers, mainly in central and east Java, but also on many other islands due to migration.

Religion

[edit]

Template:Main article Template:Pie chart Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation; based on civil registration data in 2024 from Ministry of Home Affairs, 87.09% of Indonesians are Muslims, 10.45% Christians (7.38% Protestants, 3.07% Roman Catholic), 1.67% Hindu, 0.71% Buddhists, 0.03% Confucians and 0.04% Folk and other faiths.<ref name="auto" /> Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese<ref name="OEYBALI">Template:Cite book</ref> and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Chinese.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

[edit]

Template:Portal

References

[edit]

Template:Reflist

Sources

[edit]
[edit]

Template:Ethnic groups in Indonesia Template:Indonesia topics Template:Asia in topic

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