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Bethesda, Maryland

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Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Bethesda (Template:IPAc-en) is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Located just northwest of Washington, D.C., it is a major business and government center of the Washington metropolitan region and a national center for medical research. According to the 2020 census, the community had a population of 68,056.<ref name="QuickFacts">Template:Cite web</ref>

Etymology

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It takes its name from a local church, the Bethesda Meeting House (1820, rebuilt 1849), which in turn took its name from Jerusalem's Pool of Bethesda.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

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Bethesda is located in the traditional territory of the indigenous Native Piscataway and Nacotchtank at the time of European colonization. Fur trader Henry Fleet became the first European to visit the area, reaching it by sailing up the Potomac River. He stayed with the Piscataway tribe from 1623 to 1627, either as a guest or prisoner (historical accounts differ). Fleet eventually secured funding for another expedition to the region and was later granted proprietary rights to 2,000 acres of land in the nascent colony and became a member of Maryland's colonial legislature.<ref name="Fox Hill">Template:Cite web</ref> Raids from the Senecas and Susquehannock resulted in the creation of the Maryland division of Rangers in 1694 to patrol the frontier.<ref name="Fox Hill" />

Most settlers in colonial Maryland were tenant farmers who paid their rent in tobacco, and colonists continued to expand farther north in search of fertile land. Henry Darnall (1645–1711) surveyed a Template:Convert area in 1694 which became the first land grant in Bethesda.<ref name="Fox Hill" /> Tobacco farming was the primary way of life in Bethesda throughout the 1700s. The city avoided seeing action during the Revolutionary War, although it became a supply region for the fledgling Continental Navy. The establishment of Washington, D.C., in 1790 deprived Montgomery County of its economic center at Georgetown, although the event had little effect on the small farmers throughout Bethesda.<ref name="Fox Hill" />

Between 1805 and 1821, Bethesda became a rural way station after the development of the Washington and Rockville Turnpike, which carried tobacco and other products between Georgetown and Rockville, and north to Frederick. The Bethesda Meeting House, a Presbyterian church, was built in 1820. The church burned in 1849 and was rebuilt the same year about Template:Convert south, and its former location became the Cemetery of the Bethesda Meeting House.

In 1852, the postmaster general established a post office in the area and appointed Rev. A. R. Smith its first postmaster.<ref>"Maryland New Post-Office". The Baltimore Sun. January 7, 1852. p. 2.</ref> By 1862, a small settlement had grown around a store and tollhouse along the turnpike known as "Darcy's Store" for the store's owner, William E. Darcy. It consisted of a blacksmith shop, a church and school, and a few houses and stores. In 1871, postmaster Robert Franck renamed the settlement for the church.<ref name="Offutt">Template:Cite book</ref>

A streetcar line was established in 1890 and suburbanization increased in the early 1900s, and Bethesda grew in population. Communities near railroad lines had grown the fastest during the 19th century.<ref name="Fox Hill" /> In 1910, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad completed its Georgetown Branch line from Silver Spring to Georgetown, including a storage yard there and multiple sidings serving industries in Bethesda. B&O successor CSX ceased train service on the line in 1985, so the county transformed it into a trail in the rails-to-trails movement. The tracks were removed in 1994, and the first part of the trail was opened in 1998; it has become the most used rail-trail in the United States, averaging over one million users per year.<ref>"In Bethesda, railroad track remnants show downtown's former industrial side", The Washington Post, August 29, 2012</ref>

Subdivisions began to appear on old farmland in the late 19th century, becoming the neighborhoods of Drummond, Woodmont, Edgemoor, and Battery Park. Farther north, several wealthy men made Rockville Pike famous for its mansions. These included Brainard W. Parker ("Cedarcroft", 1892), James Oyster ("Strathmore", 1899), George E. Hamilton ("Hamilton House", 1904; now the Stone Ridge School), Luke I. Wilson ("Tree Tops", 1926), Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor ("Wild Acres", 1928–29), and George Freeland Peter ("Stone House", 1930). In 1930, Armistead Peter's pioneering manor house "Winona" (1873) became the clubhouse of the Woodmont Country Club on land that is now part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus. Merle Thorpe's mansion "Pook's Hill" (1927, razed 1948) became the home-in-exile of the Norwegian royal family during World War II.<ref name=Offutt /><ref>"Norway Buys Pooks Hill For Crown Prince's Home", The New York Times, August 2, 1941, p. 6</ref>

Before the passage of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, restrictive covenants were used in Bethesda to exclude racial and ethnic minorities—primarily African-Americans, but also Asian-Americans and ethnic groups regarded as "Semitic", including Armenians, Jews, Iranians, Greeks, Turks, and Syrians.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> One 1938 restrictive covenant in the Bradley Woods subdivision of Bethesda said, "No part of the land hereby conveyed, shall ever be used, or occupied by or sold, demised, transferred, conveyed, unto, or in trust for, leased, or rented, or given to negroes, or any person or persons of negro blood or extraction or to any person of the Semitic Race, blood, or origin, which racial description shall be deemed to include Armenians, Jews, Hebrews, Persians, Syrians, Greeks and Turks, or to any person of the Mongolian Race, blood, or origin, which racial description shall be deemed to include Chinese, Japanese, and Mongolians, except that this paragraph shall not be held to exclude partial occupancy of the premises by domestic servants of the purchaser or purchasers."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In practice, covenants excluding "Semitic races" were generally used to exclude Jews as Montgomery County did not have notable Armenian, Greek, Syrian, or Turkish populations at the time.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

World War II and the subsequent expansion of government fed the rapid growth of Bethesda. Both the National Naval Medical Center (1940–42) and the NIH complex (1948) were built just to the north of the developing downtown, and this drew government contractors, medical professionals, and other businesses to the area.

Bethesda became the major urban core and employment center of southwestern Montgomery County.<ref name="Offutt" /> This recent vigorous growth followed the 1984 expansion of Metrorail with a station in Bethesda. The Bethesda Metro Center was built over the Red Line metro rail, which opened up further commercial and residential development in the immediate vicinity.<ref>Bernstein, Alan, "Alan I. Kay, Washington area real estate magnate and philanthropist, dies at 75" Template:Webarchive, The Washington Post, June 19, 2010,</ref> In the 2000s, the strict height limits on construction in the District of Columbia led to the development of mid-and high-rise office and residential towers around the Bethesda Metro station.Template:Fact

Geography

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File:Bethesda aerial 2019a.jpg
Aerial view of downtown Bethesda (bottom right) with the National Institutes of Health campus (upper left) and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (right)
File:BethesdaMaryland.jpg
Bethesda looking southwest at the downtown area
File:BethesdaMarylandWisconsin.jpg
Bethesda looking north at Wisconsin Avenue

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (0.38%) is water. The main commercial corridor that passes through Bethesda is Maryland Route 355 (known as Wisconsin Avenue in Bethesda and as Rockville Pike and Hungerford Drive in more northern communities), which, to the north, connects Bethesda with the communities of North Bethesda and Rockville, ending, after several name changes, in Frederick. Toward the South, Rockville Pike becomes Wisconsin Avenue near the NIH Campus and continues beyond Bethesda through Chevy Chase, Friendship Heights and into Washington, D.C., ending in Georgetown.

The area commonly known as Downtown Bethesda is centered at the intersection of Wisconsin Avenue, Old Georgetown Road and East-West Highway. This intersection is about two and one-half miles from Washington, D.C.'s western boundary, making Bethesda a close-in suburb of the nation's capital. Other focal points of downtown Bethesda include the Woodmont Triangle, bordered by Old Georgetown Road (Maryland Route 187), Woodmont and Rugby Avenues, and the Bethesda Row, centered at the intersection of Woodmont Avenue and Bethesda Avenue. Much of the dense construction in that area followed the opening of the Bethesda station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro rapid transit system, also located at this intersection and the centerpiece of the Bethesda Metro Center development. The Medical Center Metro stop lies about 0.7 miles north of the Bethesda stop, Medical Center, which serves the NIH Campus, the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.

Demographics

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Template:US Census population

2000

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As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 55,277 people, 23,659 households, and 14,455 families residing in the CDP. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 24,368 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.86% White, 2.67% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 7.92% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.23% from other races, and 2.11% from two or more races. 5.43% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 23,659 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30, and the average family size was 2.92.

In the CDP, 21.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

Bethesda is a very wealthy and well-educated area. According to the 2000 census, Bethesda was the best-educated city in the United States of America, with a population of 50,000 or more. 79% of residents 25 or older have bachelor's degrees, and 49% have graduate or professional degrees. According to a 2007 estimate,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the median income for a household in the CDP was $117,723, and the median income for a family was $168,385. Males had a median income of $84,797 versus $57,569 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $58,479. About 1.7% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over. Many commute to Washington, D.C., for work. The average price of a four-bedroom, two-bath home in Bethesda in 2010 was $806,817 (which ranks it as the twentieth most expensive community in America).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bethesda is often associated with its neighboring communities, Potomac, Chevy Chase, Great Falls, Virginia, and McLean, Virginia, for their similar demographics.

2020

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The ethnic makeup in 2020 was 69.5% non-Hispanic white, 8.9% Hispanic or Latino, 4.9% black, 11.7% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, and 8.2% of two or more races. 24.4% of the population was foreign-born.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Landmarks

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File:NIH Clinical Research Center aerial.jpg
An aerial view of NIH in Bethesda, Maryland

Important medical institutions located in Bethesda include the National Institutes of Health campus, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, and the adjoining Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, as well as a number of other military medical and research institutions. Other federal institutions include the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division.

The headquarters of defense conglomerate Lockheed Martin, managed health care company Coventry Health Care and hotel and resort chains Marriott International and Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. are located in Bethesda. Software company Bethesda Softworks was originally located in and named after Bethesda but moved to Rockville in 1990. The Discovery Channel also had its headquarters in Bethesda before it moved to Silver Spring in 2004. On the professional services side, numerous banks (PNC, Capital One Bank) brokerage firms (MorganStanley, Merrill Lynch, Charles Schwab, Fidelity) and law firms (Ballard Spahr, JDKatz, Paley Rothman, Lerch Early & Brewer) maintain offices in Bethesda. Bethesda has two farmers markets: the Montgomery Farm Woman's Cooperative Market and the Bethesda Central Farmer's Market. In summer 2021, Fox Television Stations moved the broadcast facilities of its Washington-area television stations, WTTG and WDCA, to Bethesda.

Bethesda is the home of Congressional Country Club, which is recognized as one of the world's most prestigious private country clubs. Congressional has hosted four major golf championships, including the 2011 U.S. Open, won by Rory McIlroy. The National, a golf tournament hosted by Tiger Woods, was played at Congressional seven times between 2007 and 2016. Bethesda is also home of the exclusive Burning Tree Club, Bethesda Country Club, and the Bethesda Big Train, a summer collegiate baseball team.

A number of ambassador residences are in Bethesda, including those of Bangladesh, Haiti, Cape Verde, Guyana, Honduras, Lesotho, Morocco, Nicaragua, Uruguay, and Zimbabwe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Also located in downtown Bethesda is one of the Madonna of the Trail monuments, erected by the National Old Trails Association with the Daughters of the American Revolution; U.S. President Harry S. Truman presided over the dedication of the Bethesda monument, on April 19, 1929. Nearby is the Bethesda Post Office. Also starting in the heart of downtown Bethesda is the Capital Crescent Trail, which follows the old tracks of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Georgetown in Washington, D.C., to Silver Spring. Walter Reed Medical Center and the Bethesda Theater are two important Art Deco architectural structures in the suburbs of Washington, D.C.

Bethesda Row

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File:Bethesda Row.jpg
Cobblestoned, pedestrian Bethesda Lane in Bethesda Row

Federal Realty Investment Trust has developed much of the west side of downtown Bethesda into an area called Bethesda Row, incorporating principles of new urbanism and a mixed-use district including residential apartments and condos (100,000 ft2), retail (300,000 ft2), dining, office space (100,000 ft2), hotels, entertainment, public art and fountains, forming the new core of revitalized downtown Bethesda.<ref name=kindo>Template:Cite web</ref> Retail stores include an Apple Store, Anthropologie, and Bethesda Bagels.

Media

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Fox 5 DC

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Local Fox affiliate Fox 5 DC, WTTG, is located in Bethesda in the Wilson building at 7272 Wisconsin Avenue.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The studio often films with a live shot facing north on Wisconsin Avenue capturing the skyline of downtown Bethesda.

Education

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Bethesda is located in the Montgomery County Public School District. Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break Public primary schools located in Bethesda include:

  • Ashburton Elementary School
  • Bannockburn Elementary School
  • Bethesda Elementary School
  • Bradley Hills Elementary School
  • Burning Tree Elementary School
  • Carderock Springs Elementary School
  • Seven Locks Elementary School
  • Westbrook Elementary School (The only building in Montgomery County MD built under the WPA)
  • Wood Acres Elementary School
  • Wyngate Elementary School

Template:Col-break Public middle schools located in Bethesda include:

Public high schools located in Bethesda include:

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Private schools located in Bethesda include: Template:Collapse top

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Bethesda is home to a federally funded and operated health science university, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU). The primary mission of USU is to prepare graduates for service in the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force, and the Public Health Service. The university consists of the F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, a medical school, and the Graduate School of Nursing, a nursing school. National Intelligence University is also in Bethesda.

The Washington Japanese Language School, a supplementary weekend Japanese school, holds its classes at the Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart in Bethesda.<ref>"SRMap2015.pdfTemplate:Dead link." Washington Japanese Language School. Retrieved on April 16, 2015.</ref><ref name=WJLSHome>"Home" (Archive). Washington Japanese Language School. Retrieved on April 16, 2015. "学校事務局 Holy Cross Church, Quinn Hall 2F. 4900 Strathmore Avenue, Garrett Park, MD 20896[...]校舎 ストーンリッジ校 Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart 9101 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20814"</ref> The WJLS maintains its school office in North Bethesda, adjacent to Garrett Park.<ref name=GarrettMap>"Map" (Archive). Town of Garrett Park. Retrieved on April 30, 2014.</ref><ref name=NBethCDP>"2010 CENSUS – CENSUS BLOCK MAP: North Bethesda CDP, MD" (Archive). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on April 30, 2014.</ref><ref name=WJLSHome /> The institution, giving supplemental education to Japanese-speaking children in the Washington, D.C., area, was founded in 1958,<ref name=WJLSEng>"English Template:Webarchive." Washington Japanese Language School. Retrieved on April 30, 2014. "Washington Japanese Language School c/o Holy Cross Church, Quinn Hall, 4900 Strathmore Avenue, Garrett Park, MD 20896"</ref> making it the oldest Japanese government-sponsored supplementary school in the U.S.<ref>"Andrew M. Saidel" (Archive). Japan-America Society of Greater Philadelphia (JASGP; フィラデルフィア日米協会とは). Retrieved on April 16, 2015.</ref>

The Writer's Center in Bethesda publishes Poet Lore, the longest continuously running poetry journal in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Economy

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File:Marriott International Headquarters 01.jpg
The global headquarters of Marriott International, the largest hotel chain in the world, in downtown Bethesda
File:Host Hotels HQ Bethesda MD HST 20210314 181959 1 crop.jpg
The headquarters building of Host Hotels & Resorts in downtown Bethesda

Notable companies based in Bethesda include: Template:Div col

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Management

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Downtown Bethesda is managed by the Bethesda Urban Partnership, a non-profit organization established in 1994 by Montgomery County.<ref name=boutbup/>

Transportation

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Washington Metro's Red Line services two primary locations in Bethesda: the downtown area at the Bethesda station, and the area near the National Institutes of Health and the Walter Reed Medical Center at the Medical Center station. The Maryland Transit Administration's Purple Line, a light rail line currently under construction, will provide a direct connection from Bethesda to Silver Spring, the University of Maryland, College Park, and New Carrollton.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Purple Line will allow riders from Bethesda to move between the Red, Green, and Orange lines of the Washington Metro transportation system, as well as to MARC and Amtrak trains, without needing to ride into central Washington, D.C.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Local buses include:

  • WMATA's Metrobus
  • The Montgomery County Ride On bus system also has several routes through Bethesda.
  • Bethesda Circulator, a free loop bus that operates Monday-Saturday and covers most of downtown Bethesda.

Long-distance buses include:

Notable people

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File:Auerbach Lipofsky.jpg
Red Auerbach
File:Attorney General Merrick Garland.jpg
Merrick Garland
File:Katie Ledecky Golden Goggle Awards 2018.jpg
Katie Ledecky

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See also

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References

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