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Bayonne, New Jersey

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Bayonne (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell)<ref>Wright, E. Assata. "Secaucus: How do you pronounce it? Development put town on map, but newcomers don't know where they are" Template:Webarchive, The Hudson Reporter, July 6, 2011. Accessed November 30, 2022. "Therefore, the new neighbors may proudly totter about telling folks they live in Sih-KAW-cus or See-KAW-cus. However, natives prefer that the accent be on the first syllable, as in: SEE-kaw-cus.... Bayonne is bay-OWN, not ba-YON, locals say."</ref><ref>Lefferts, Walter. Our Own United States Template:Webarchive, p. 333. J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1925. Accessed November 15, 2020. "Bayonne. Bay-own'"</ref><ref>Holt, Alfred Hubbard. American Place Names Template:Webarchive, p. 26. Gale, 1969. Accessed November 15, 2020. "Bayonne, N . J . 'Bay - own.' Long a, long o; slightly more accent on the 'own'."</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite Merriam-Webster</ref> is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey, in the Gateway Region on Bergen Neck, a peninsula between Newark Bay to the west, the Kill Van Kull to the south, and New York Bay to the east. At the 2020 United States census, it was the state's 15th-most-populous municipality, surpassing Passaic,<ref name=Largest2020>Table1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref> with a population of 71,686,<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/> an increase of 8,662 (+13.7%) from the 2010 census count of 63,024,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=LWD2010/> which in turn reflected an increase of 1,182 (+1.9%) from the 61,842 counted in the 2000 census.<ref>Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref> The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 74,532 for 2024,<ref name=PopEst/> making it the 517th-most populous municipality in the nation.<ref name=ANNRNK>Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 20,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2024 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024, United States Census Bureau, released May 2025. Accessed May 19, 2024. Note that townships (including Edison, Lakewood and Woodbridge, all of which have larger populations) are excluded from these rankings.</ref>

Bayonne was formed as a township in 1861, from portions of Bergen Township, and reincorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature in 1869.<ref>Charter of City of Bayonne Template:Webarchive, Bayonne Historical Society. Accessed November 28, 2011.</ref><ref name="Story">Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968 Template:Webarchive, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 146. Accessed February 9, 2012.</ref> At the time it was formed, Bayonne included the communities of Bergen Point, Constable Hook, Centreville, Pamrapo and Saltersville.<ref name=Bayonne/>

While somewhat diminished, traditional manufacturing, distribution, and maritime activities remain a driving force of the economy of the city. A portion of the Port of New York and New Jersey is located there, as is the Cape Liberty Cruise Port.

History

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Originally inhabited by a collection of Native American tribes known as the Lenape, the region presently known as Bayonne was claimed by the Netherlands after Henry Hudson explored the North River, later named after him, on behalf of the Dutch East India Company in 1609. By 1621, the Dutch West India Company was organized to manage the new territory and in June 1623, New Netherland became a Dutch province, with headquarters across New York Harbor in New Amsterdam.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1646, Director-General of New Netherland Willem Kieft, granted land to Jacob Jacobsen Roy, the chief gunner or constable at Fort Amsterdam. The land become known as "Contable Hook" (Konstapel's Hoeck in Dutch), after his title. Roy, however, never settled or farmed on the land.<ref>Joan F. Doherty, Hudson County The Left Bank, Template:ISBN (Windsor Publications, Inc., 1986)</ref> On January 10, 1658, Peter Stuyvesant, the new Director-General, "re-purchased" the scattered communities of farmsteads of Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook, Hoebuck, Awiehaken, Pamrapo, and other lands "behind Kill van Kull" from the Lenape. The village of Bergen (predecessor to Jersey City) was established in 1660 and officially chartered by Stuyvesant on September 5, 1661 as what would be the state's first local civil government. The charter partially removed Bergen from the jurisdiction of New Amsterdam and put the surrounding settlements under its authority.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Bayonne area, which included Pamrapo and Constable Hook, became known as "Bergen Neck".<ref>Griffin, Molly. "Bayonne Historical Society learns about the Lenape" Template:Webarchive, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, February 12, 2009, updated February 12, 2019. Accessed November 12, 2019. "Dr. Oeistreicher is a leading authority on the Lenape Indians, a tribe Hudson encountered when he explored what is now known as the Hudson River."</ref>

On August 27, 1664, four English frigates sailed into New York Harbor and captured Fort Amsterdam, and by extension, all of New Netherland, a prelude to the Second Anglo-Dutch War.<ref name=Bayonne>Template:Cite web</ref> Later in 1664, James, the Duke of York, granted the land between the Hudson and Delaware River to Sir George Carteret as a debt settlement. Carteret named the land New Jersey after his homeland the island of Jersey.

In 1776 ahead of the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington ordered American patriots to construct several forts to defend the western banks of the Hudson River and New York Harbor, one of which was Bergen Neck Fort near Pamrapo. It was constructed in July 1776 and later abandoned by patriot forces on October 5, 1776. It was taken over and occupied by Loyalists in 1777 who renamed it Fort Delancey in honor of prominent Loyalist Oliver De Lancey. The fort was occupied by Loyalists for most of the war until they abandoned and burned it in 1782.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1836, the Morris Canal was extended from Newark linking Bergen Neck with the interior of Northern New Jersey and the Delaware River. Steamboats linked the peninsula with New York City as early as 1846. The Central Railroad of New Jersey linked Bayonne to the west with the opening of the Newark Bay Railroad Bridge and to Manhattan via ferry with the opening of Communipaw Terminal at Jersey City in 1864.<ref name=Bayonne/>

In 1861, residents living between the Morris Canal and the Kill Van Kull organized to create Bayonne as a separate township from portions of Bergen Township, which was later reincorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 1869.<ref>Charter of City of Bayonne Template:Webarchive, Bayonne Historical Society. Accessed November 28, 2011.</ref><ref name="Story">Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968 Template:Webarchive, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 146. Accessed February 9, 2012.</ref> The creation of Bayonne united the villages of Bergen Point, Constable Hook, Centreville, Pamrapo and Saltersville. The city's first mayor was Henry Meigs, Jr. (1869–1879) who was also President of the New York Stock Exchange from 1877 to 1878.<ref name=Bayonne/>

According to Royden Page Whitcomb's 1904 book, First History of Bayonne, New Jersey, the name Bayonne is speculated to have originated with Bayonne, France, from which Huguenots settled for a year before the founding of New Amsterdam.<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 27, 2015.</ref> However, there is no empirical evidence for this notion. Whitcomb gives more credence to the idea that Erastus Randall, E.C. Bramhall and B.F. Woolsey, who bought the land owned by Jasper and William Cadmus for real estate speculation, named it Bayonne for purposes of real estate speculation, because it was located on the shores of two bays, Newark and New York.<ref>Whitcomb, Royden Page. First history of Bayonne, New Jersey, R.P. Whitcomb, Bayonne, New Jersey, 1904, Page 61, Google Books. Accessed November 20, 2010.</ref> Furthermore, "Bayonne Avenue", now 33rd Street, was a cross-town street that ran from Newark Bay to New York Bay and is officially recognized as the inspiration for city's name.<ref name=Bayonne/>

Soon after the Civil War, the idea arose of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County east of the Hackensack River into one municipality. In 1868, a bill for submitting the question of consolidation of all of Hudson County to the voters was presented to the Board of Chosen Freeholders (now known as the Board of County Commissioners). The bill was approved by the state legislature on April 2, 1869, with a special election to be held on October 5, 1869. An element of the bill provide that only contiguous towns could be consolidated. Bayonne voted to stay independent with 71.43% of residents voting against the bill.<ref>Staff. "Consolidation in New Jersey; A Proposition to Consolidate Jersey City, Hoboken, Hudson City, Bergen, &c., into One City", The New York Times, August 14, 1869. Accessed May 16, 2025.</ref> The Morris Canal became the northern most boundary or the "city line" separating Bayonne and what is now Jersey City.

In the mid-nineteenth century, wealthy New York residents and Americans, including presidents and authors, came to Bayonne to stay at it's hotels and enjoy it's brief status as an early beach resort. It was also an early boat-building and yachting center where its fishers and oystermen supplied the regional market. As Bayonne began to urbanize and industrialize in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, it became home to thousands of European immigrants landing at Ellis Island in New York Harbor. Bayonne became one of the largest centers in the nation for refining crude oil and Standard Oil of New Jersey's facility—which had grown from its original establishment in 1877—and its 6,000 employees made it the city's largest employer.<ref name=Bayonne/> Significant civil unrest arose during the Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916, in which mostly Polish-American workers staged labor actions against Standard Oil of New Jersey and Tidewater Petroleum, seeking improved pay and working conditions.<ref>Dorsey, George. "The Bayonne Refinery Strikes of 1915-1916" Template:Webarchive, Polish American Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2 (Autumn, 1976), pp. 19-30, Polish American Historical Association. Accessed June 13, 2012.</ref> Four striking workers were killed when strikebreakers, allegedly protected by police, fired upon a violent crowd.<ref>Brenner, Aaron; Day, Benjamin; and Ness, Emmanuel. The Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History Template:Webarchive, M. E. Sharpe, 2009. Template:ISBN. Accessed June 13, 2012.</ref>

In 1931, the Bayonne Bridge opened as the world's longest steel arch main span in the world connecting Bayonne and Staten Island over the Kill Van Kull and was designed by bridge builder Othmar Ammann and architect Cass Gilbert. The bridge physically linked Bayonne to New York City for the first time.

The Cape Liberty Cruise Port is a cruise ship terminal that is on a Template:Convert site that had been originally developed for industrial uses in the 1930s and then taken over by the U.S. government during World War II as the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne. Voyager of the Seas, departing from the cruise terminal in 2004, became the first passenger ship to depart from a port in New Jersey in almost 40 years.<ref>History Template:Webarchive, Cape Liberty Cruise Port. Accessed November 12, 2019. "The 430 acre site in Lower New York Harbor was created by private developers in the 1930s as a man-made peninsula off the eastern end of Bayonne, New Jersey. Initially developed for industrial use, the U.S. War Department and the Department of the Navy became interested in the site as World War II approached.... The maiden sailing of the Voyager of the Seas was on May 14, 2004. The voyage marked the first time a passenger ship vessel had sailed from New Jersey in almost 40 years."</ref>

Geography and climate

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Geography

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File:T18.jpg
An 1837 map of Bayonne, oriented with north pointing to the right

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 11.09 square miles (28.72 km2), including 5.82 square miles (15.08 km2) of land and 5.27 square miles (13.64 km2) of water (47.50%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1 />

The city is located on a peninsula that was earlier known as Bergen Neck. It is surrounded by Upper New York Bay to the east, Newark Bay to the west, and Kill Van Kull to the south.<ref name="History">History Template:Webarchive, City of Bayonne. Accessed November 12, 2019. "In 1877, the standard Oil Company took over a small refinery. By the 1920s, Standard Oil became the city's largest employer with over 6,000 workers. At that time, Bayonne was one of the largest oil refinery centers in the world."</ref> Bayonne is east of Newark, the state's largest city, north of Elizabeth in Union County and west of Brooklyn. It shares a land border with Jersey City to the north and is connected to Staten Island by the Bayonne Bridge.<ref>Areas touching Bayonne Template:Webarchive, MapIt. Accessed March 18, 2020.</ref><ref>Hudson County Map Template:Webarchive, Coalition for a Healthy NJ. Accessed March 18, 2020.</ref><ref>New Jersey Municipal Boundaries Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include:<ref>Locality Search Template:Webarchive, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 22, 2015.</ref> Bergen Point, Constable Hook and Port Johnson.Template:Citation needed

Climate

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Bayonne has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) bordering a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa). The average monthly temperature varies from 32.3 °F in January to 77.0 °F in July.<ref>Time Series Values for Individual Locations Template:Webarchive, PRISM Climate Group. Accessed March 18, 2020.</ref> The hardiness zone is 7b and the average absolute minimum temperature is 5.2 °F.<ref>Plant Hardiness Interactive Map Template:Webarchive, United States Department of Agriculture. Accessed March 18, 2020.</ref>

Demographics

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Template:US Census population

The city has an ethnically diverse population, home to large populations of African Americans, Italian Americans, Irish Americans, Polish Americans, Indian Americans, Egyptian Americans, Dominican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, Salvadoran Americans, Filipino Americans, and Pakistani Americans.Template:Citation needed

2010 census

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The 2010 United States census counted 63,024 people, 25,237 households, and 16,051 families in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 27,799 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup was 69.21% (43,618) White, 8.86% (5,584) Black or African American, 0.31% (194) Native American, 7.71% (4,861) Asian, 0.03% (16) Pacific Islander, 10.00% (6,303) from other races, and 3.88% (2,448) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 25.79% (16,251) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/> Non-Hispanic Whites were 56.8% of the population.

Of the 25,237 households, 29.5% had children under the age of 18; 41.1% were married couples living together; 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 36.4% were non-families. Of all households, 31.6% were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.16.<ref name=Census2010/>

22.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 87.9 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The U.S. Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $53,587 (with a margin of error of +/− $2,278) and the median family income was $66,077 (+/− $5,235). Males had a median income of $51,188 (+/− $1,888) versus $42,097 (+/− $1,820) for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,698 (+/− $1,102). About 9.9% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref>DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Bayonne city, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 8, 2012.</ref>

2000 census

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As of the 2000 United States census<ref name="GR2" /> there were 61,842 people, 25,545 households, and 16,016 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 26,826 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 78.8% White, 5.50% African American, 0.2% Native American, 4.1% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 7.46% from other races, and 4.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 17.81% of the population.<ref name="Census2000">Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Bayonne city, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 7, 2013.</ref><ref name="Census2000SF1">DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Bayonne city, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 7, 2013.</ref>

As of the 2000 Census, the most common reported ancestries of Bayonne residents were Italian (20.1%), Irish (18.8%) and Polish (17.9%).<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

There were 25,545 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.10.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the city the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

The median income for a household in the city was $41,566, and the median income for a family was $52,413. Males had a median income of $39,790 versus $33,747 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,553. About 8.4% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

Economy

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Bayonne has a rich industrial history, particularly in shipbuilding and manufacturing. The city is home to the former site of the Standard Oil Refinery.

Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Bayonne was selected in 2002 as one of a group of three zones added to participate in the program.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The legislation was amended again in 2002 to include 3 more zones. They include Bayonne City, Roselle Borough, and a joint zone consisting of North Wildwood City, Wildwood City, Wildwood Crest Borough, and West Wildwood Borough."</ref> In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the Template:Frac% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Program Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"</ref> Established in September 2002, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2023.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Effective and Expiration Dates Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.</ref> More than 200 businesses have registered to participate in the city's UEZ since it was first established.<ref>Bayonne Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ) Template:Webarchive, City of Bayonne. Accessed November 19, 2019. "Bayonne is one of the State's newest Urban Enterprise Zones, and was first designated on September 12, 2002.Since its inception, over 213 businesses have registered in the Bayonne Urban Enterprise Zone program."</ref>

The Bayonne Town Center, located in the Broadway shopping district, includes retailers, eateries, consumer and small business banking centers. The Bayonne Medical Center is a for-profit hospital that anchors the northern end of the Town Center. It is the city's largest employer, with over 1,200 employees. A 2013 study showed that the hospital charged the highest rates in the United States.<ref>Livio, Susan K.; and Goldberg, Dan. "Bayonne Medical Center is at the top of hospital price list in nation" Template:Webarchive, The Star-Ledger, May 17, 2013. Accessed August 6, 2013. "Bayonne Medical Center, a 278-bed for-profit hospital in working-class Hudson County, charges the highest prices of any hospital in the nation, according to an analysis of federal billing data released by the Obama administration."</ref>

Bayonne Crossing on Route 440 in Bayonne includes a Lowe's and Wal-Mart.<ref>Sullivan, Al. "Good news for Bayonne commercial development; New stores, health facilities; shopping areas see promotions" Template:Webarchive. The Hudson Reporter. May 10, 2010. Accessed December 30, 2014.</ref>

On the site of the former Military Ocean Terminal, the Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor includes new housing and businesses. One of them, Cape Liberty Cruise Port is located at the end of the long peninsula with Royal Caribbean.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Also found is a memorial park for the Tear of Grief, a Template:Convert, Template:Convert monument commemorating the September 11 terrorist attacks and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.<ref name="Memorial_Brochure">The Memorial at Harbor View Park Template:Webarchive, 9/11 Monument. Accessed December 30, 2014. "Bayonne was a fitting location; the city was an arrival point for many New York City evacuees on 9/11, a staging area for rescuers and offered a direct view of the Statue of Liberty and the former World Trade Center towers."</ref>

The firearms manufacturing company Henry Repeating Arms moved from Brooklyn to Bayonne in 2009.<ref>About Us Template:Webarchive, Henry Repeating Arms. Accessed December 6, 2011. "Today, the Henry Repeating Arms Company, a descendant of the venerable gunmaker, makes its home in Bayonne, New Jersey."</ref><ref>McGeehan, Patrick. "Soft Real Estate Market Is a Key Ingredient at Brooklyn Brewery" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, November 1, 2009. Accessed December 6, 2011. "Still, other small manufacturers, like Henry Repeating Arms, have been leaving the city in search of less expensive places to operate.... They no longer are. Mr. Imperato, who lives in Bay Ridge, moved his company to Bayonne, N.J., last year after searching for a few years for adequate space to buy at a 'reasonable' price, he said. With some financial help from the State of New Jersey, the company bought a building on three acres in Bayonne for one-third of what it would have cost in Brooklyn, he said."</ref>

Parks and recreation

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Hackensack RiverWalk begins at Collins Park in Bergen Point where the Kill Van Kull meets the Newark Bay. Also along the bay is 16th Street Park. A plaque unveiled on May 2, 2006, for the new Richard A. Rutowski Park, a wetlands preserve on the northwestern end of town that is part of the RiverWalk. It is located immediately north of the Stephen R. Gregg Hudson County Park.<ref>Kaulessar, Ricardo. "The other waterfront walkway: 18-mile Hackensack RiverWalk in Hudson County still underdeveloped" Template:Webarchive, The Hudson Reporter, May 16, 2006. Accessed December 6, 2011. "While the Bayonne and Secaucus portions of the Hackensack RiverWalk have been developed substantially, the Jersey City portion that would make up the majority of the 18-mile walk is far from reality. Anyone who develops along this stretch of the Hackensack River is required to add to the public RiverWalk, a planned linkage of waterfront parks along the Hackensack.... The RiverWalk section in Bayonne, if fully completed, would run from the southwest corner of the town in an area where the Kill Van Kull meets the Newark Bay, to the northwestern point of the area.... Ryan pointed out last week that another piece of the RiverWalk will be unveiled when the North 40 Park, or Richard A. Rutkowski Park, is scheduled to open this week."</ref>

Hudson River Waterfront Walkway is part of a walkway that is intended to run the more than Template:Convert from the Bayonne Bridge to the George Washington Bridge.<ref>Coastal Management Program Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed December 6, 2011. "When complete, this Walkway will be an urban waterfront corridor connecting the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee with the Bayonne Bridge in Bayonne. As the crow flies it will extend about 18.4 miles, but the total length will exceed 40 miles."</ref><ref>Walkway Map Template:Webarchive, Hudson River Waterfront Walkway. Accessed August 23, 2015. "The walkway covers 18.5 linear miles from Bayonne to the George Washington Bridge."</ref>

In August 2014, the Bayonne Hometown Fair, a popular tourist and community attraction that ceased in 2000, was revived by a local business owner and resident. The first revived Bayonne Hometown Fair took place from June 6–7, 2015.<ref>McGovern, Patrick. "Bayonne's Hometown Fair returns!" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, June 8, 2015. Accessed August 27, 2015.</ref>

Government

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File:Bayonne City Hall jeh.jpg
City Hall

Local government

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Template:Further The City of Bayonne has been governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government (Plan C), implemented based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission as of July 1, 1962,<ref>"The Faulkner Act: New Jersey's Optional Municipal Charter Law" Template:Webarchive, New Jersey State League of Municipalities, July 2007. Accessed October 29, 2013.</ref> before which it was governed by a Board of Commissioners under the Walsh Act. The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.<ref>Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey Template:Webarchive, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the five-member City Council, of which two seats are chosen at-large and three from wards, all of whom serve four-year terms of office on a concurrent basis and are chosen in balloting held as part of the May municipal election.<ref name=DataBook>2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 135.</ref><ref name=Officials/><ref>"Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey" Template:Webarchive, p. 10. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref><ref>Broadway National Bank of Bayonne v. Parking Authority Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Superior Court, Law Division decided August 2, 1962. Via FindACase.com. Accessed November 27, 2011. "The facts are undisputed. The City of Bayonne was governed by a board of commissioners in accordance with the Walsh Act until July 1, 1962.... Mayor-Council Plan C of the Faulkner Act (NJSA 40:69A-1 et seq.) was adopted by referendum in the City of Bayonne and took effect on July 1, 1962."</ref>

Template:As of, the Mayor of Bayonne is James M. "Jimmy" Davis, whose term of office ends June 30, 2026; Davis was first elected as mayor in a runoff election on June 10, 2014, against incumbent Mayor Mark Smith. Members of the Bayonne City Council are Loyad Booker (at-large), Neil Carroll III (1st Ward), Gary La Pelusa Sr. (3rd Ward), Juan M. Perez (at-large) and Jacqueline Weimmer (2nd Ward), all of whom are serving concurrent terms of office that end on June 30, 2026.<ref name=Officials>Mayor Jimmy Davis Template:Webarchive, City of Bayonne. Accessed November 30, 2022.</ref><ref>2022 Municipal Data Sheet Template:Webarchive, City of Bayonne. Accessed November 30, 2022.</ref><ref name=Hudson2022Municipal>2022 Municipal Election May 10, 2022 Official Results Template:Webarchive, Hudson County, New Jersey, updated June 1, 2022. Accessed November 28, 2022.</ref><ref name=HudsonDirectory>Elected Officials Template:Webarchive, Hudson County, New Jersey Clerk. Accessed November 28, 2022.</ref>

In November 2018, the City Council appointed Neil Carroll III to fill the 1st Ward seat vacated by Tommy Cotter, who resigned to take a position as the city's DPW director; at age 27, Carroll became the youngest councilmember in city history.<ref>Heinis, John. "As expected, Bayonne council appoints Carroll III to replace Cotter in the 1st Ward" Template:Webarchive, Hudson County View, November 20, 2018. Accessed November 12, 2019. "As expected, the Bayonne City Council voted to appoint Neil Carroll III to replace Tommy Cotter as the 1st Ward councilman at a brief special meeting this evening.... He beat out more than a dozen other candidates and Cotter has moved on to the director of the Department of Public Works for a salary of $117,000 a year. At just 27 years old, Carroll is the youngest councilman in Bayonne history. When asked about the criticism of being too young to handle the job, he said that his situation is not completely unprecedented."</ref> In the November 2019 general election, Carroll was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.<ref name=Hudson2019>Hudson County General Election 2018 Statement of Vote November 5, 2019 Template:Webarchive, Hudson County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 13, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.</ref>

File:Babcock & Wilcox Co - Works - Bayonne, New Jersey - circa 1919.jpeg
Babcock & Wilcox Co. works in 1919, one of the many industrial sites that were once located in Bayonne

Federal, state, and county representation

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File:BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, ON UPPER NEW YORK BAY WITH THE MANHATTAN SKYLINE IN THE BACKGROUND. LANDS ADJACENT TO THE BIGHT... - NARA - 555724.jpg
View of Manhattan from Bayonne, 1974
File:September 11th Tribute in Light from Bayonne, New Jersey.jpg
View of Lower Manhattan from Bayonne, September 11, 2014

Bayonne is in the 8th Congressional District<ref name=PCR2022>2022 Redistricting Plan Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 8, 2022.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 31st state legislative district.<ref name=Districts2011>Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref><ref name=LWV2019>2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Template:Webarchive, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.</ref><ref>Districts by Number for 2011-2020 Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref>

Prior to the 2010 Census, Bayonne had been split between the 10th Congressional District and the Template:Ushr, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.<ref name=LWV2011>2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Template:Webarchive, p. 54, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.</ref> The split placed 33,218 residents living in the city's south and west in the 8th District, while 29,806 residents in the northeastern portion of the city were placed in the 10th District.<ref name=PCR2012>Plan Components Report Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref><ref>New Jersey Congressional Districts 2012-2021: Bayonne Map Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref>

Template:NJ Congress 08 Template:NJ Senate Template:NJ Legislative 31

Template:NJ Hudson County Commissioners

Politics

[edit]

As of March 2011, there were a total of 32,747 registered voters in Bayonne, of which 17,087 (52.2%) were registered as Democrats, 2,709 (8.3%) were registered as Republicans and 12,928 (39.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 23 voters registered to other parties.<ref>Voter Registration Summary - Hudson Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 13, 2012.</ref>

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.4% of the vote (13,467 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 32.6% (6,605 votes), and other candidates with 1.0% (197 votes), among the 20,454 ballots cast by the city's 34,424 registered voters (185 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 59.4%.<ref name=2012Elections>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=2012VoterReg>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 57.0% of the vote here (13,768 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 40.6% (9,796 votes) and other candidates with 1.2% (283 votes), among the 24,139 ballots cast by the town's 35,823 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.4%.<ref>2008 Presidential General Election Results: Hudson County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 13, 2012.</ref> In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 56.0% of the vote here (12,402 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 42.2% (9,341 votes) and other candidates with 0.6% (184 votes), among the 22,135 ballots cast by the town's 32,129 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 68.9.<ref>2004 Presidential Election: Hudson County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 13, 2012.</ref>

Presidential Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2024<ref name="2024Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|46.3% 11,847 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|50.2% 12,837 3.5% 772
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2020<ref name="2020Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|38.8% 10,869 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|58.2% 16,306 3.0% 294
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2016<ref name="2016Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|39.7% 8,636 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|57.2% 12,437 2.7% 590
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2012<ref name=2012Election>Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|32.6% 6,605 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|66.4% 13,467 1.0% 197
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2008<ref>2008 Presidential General Election Results: Hudson County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 24, 2024.</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|40.6% 9,796 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|57.0% 13,768 1.2% 283
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2004<ref>2004 Presidential Election: Hudson County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 13, 2012.</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|42.2% 9,341 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|56.0% 12,402 0.6% 184

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 49.3% of the vote (5,322 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 49.1% (5,297 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (169 votes), among the 10,987 ballots cast by the city's 34,957 registered voters (199 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 31.4%.<ref name=2013Elections>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=2013VoterReg>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 53.8% of the vote here (7,421 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 38.7% (5,333 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 4.8% (662 votes) and other candidates with 1.3% (183 votes), among the 13,781 ballots cast by the town's 32,588 registered voters, yielding a 42.3% turnout.<ref>2009 Governor: Hudson County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 13, 2012.</ref>

Local services

[edit]

Municipal Utilities Authority

[edit]

The Bayonne Municipal Utilities Authority (BMUA) is the second agency to use wind power in New Jersey and has built the first wind turbine in the metropolitan area.<ref>Hack, Charles. "Bayonne MUA says windmill will start generating electricity next year" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, August 12, 2011. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Staff. "Uncle Sam paying most of Bayonne's windmill tab" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal/NJ.com, June 18, 2009. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Staff. "Wind turbine to save Bayonne big bucks in long run" Template:Webarchive. The Jersey Journal/NJ.com, August 23, 2010. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Sullivan, Al. "All geared up: Windmill construction would power MUA" Template:Webarchive. The Hudson Reporter, December 21, 2011. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Hack, Charles. "Work on Bayonne windmill to resume shortly" Template:Webarchive. The Jersey Journal/NJ.com, May 8, 2011. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref> Construction of a single turbine tower was completed in January 2012.<ref>Kowsh, Kate. "Bayonne Municipal Utilities Authority's towering wind-turbine project takes form as crane lifts center piece into place" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, January 19, 2012. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Kowsh, Kate. "Bayonne completes construction of wind-turbine project" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, January 20, 2012. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref> It is the first wind turbine created by Leitwind to be installed in the United States.<ref>"Leitwind goes to America: The first wind turbine for the USA to be delivered by year's end", Leitwind. Accessed February 9, 2012.</ref>

In December 2012, the autonomous agency entered into a water management agreement with the Bayonne Water Joint Venture (BWJV), a partnership between United Water and investment firm KKR.<ref name=Hack>Hack, Charles (July 23, 2012). "United Water to take over operations of Bayonne's water, sewer systems in $150 million deal" Template:Webarchive. NJ.com</ref> The 40-year concession agreement is a public-private partnership between the city and the BWJV in which the private partners pay off the BMUA's $130 million debt and take over the operations, maintenance, and capital improvement of Bayonne's water and wastewater utilities in exchange for a regulated share of the revenue.<ref name=Baumann>"Bayonne Revisited: Water Partnerships One Year Later" Template:Webarchive, Sustainable City Network, December 10, 2013. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref><ref name=Gao>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Henning, Rich. "United Water and KKR Sign Unique Utility Partnership with City of Bayonne, NJ (Press Release)" Template:Webarchive, United Water, December 20, 2012. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref> United Water is managing the operations for the partnership, while KKR is providing 90% of the funding.<ref name=WSJ>Corkery, Michael. "Private Equity Tries on the Hard Hat" Template:Webarchive, The Wall Street Journal, April 22, 2013. Accessed August 29, 2015.</ref> A rate schedule was included in the agreement, and it contained an immediate 8.5% utility rate increase (the first rate increase since 2006),<ref name=Hack /> followed by two years without increases, followed by annual increases estimated to range between 2.5%–4.5%.<ref name=Gao /> This partnership was sought for several reasons, including the BMUA's debt, its shortage of skilled employees, and its lagging rate revenue from years without rate increases and reduced demand.<ref name=Baumann /><ref name=Enright>Template:Cite web</ref> Part of this reduced demand stemmed from the closure of the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne,<ref name=Enright /> and the fact that the subsequent plans to redevelop the site with housing fell short.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The BMUA's $130 million debt that was paid off by the BWJV represented over half of Bayonne's overall debt ($240 million) at the time,<ref name=Gao /> and in March 2013, Moody's Investors Service upgraded the credit rating of Bayonne from 'negative' to 'stable', citing the water deal.<ref name=WSJ />

Fire department

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File:BFD MSU jeh.jpg
Fire Station # 3

The city of Bayonne has around 180 full-time professional firefighters consisting of the city of Bayonne Fire Department (BFD), which was founded on September 3, 1906, and operates out of five fire stations located throughout the city. The Bayonne Fire Dept operates a fleet of five engines, one squad (rescue-pumper), three ladder trucks, a heavy rescue truck (which is also part of the Metro USAR Collapse Rescue Strike Team), a large 4,000 gallon foam tanker truck, a haz-mat truck, a multi-service unit, a fireboat, as well as spare apparatus. Each tour is commanded by a battalion chief.<ref>Fire Department Template:Webarchive, City of Bayonne. Accessed May 24, 2021.</ref>

The department is part of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which consists of nine North Jersey fire departments and other emergency services divisions working to address major emergency rescue situations.<ref>Steadman, Andrew. "Bayonne firefighters participate in mock disaster drills in Newark" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, May 1, 2012. Accessed June 6, 2016. "According to the press release, the Metro USAR Strike Team is made up of nine fire departments from Bayonne, Elizabeth, Hackensack, Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, Paterson, Morristown as well as the five-municipality North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue Agency."</ref>

Office of Emergency Management

[edit]

The Office of Emergency Management (OEM) is charged with mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery for all disasters and emergencies within the city. Bayonne OEM coordinates emergency response of multiple agencies (Police, Fire, EMS, DPW). Bayonne OEM falls under Hudson County OEM and New Jersey State Police OEM, and is an EMAA certified city under the NJ State Police. Bayonne OEM has an active social media presence and utilizes a Text-Alert and Robocall system (Bay911 Emergency Notification System) to keep the community aware of major incidents and weather related alerts. Bayonne OEM is staffed by one civilian coordinator.<ref>Office of Emergency Management, City of Bayonne. Accessed January 12, 2025.</ref>

Education

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File:Bayonne FPL jeh.jpg
Bayonne Free Public Library and Cultural Center

Public schools

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The Bayonne School District serves students from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.<ref>Bayonne Board of Education District Policy: Identification Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-K through 12 in the Bayonne School District. Composition: The Bayonne School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of the City of Bayonne."</ref> As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 13 schools, had an enrollment of 10,059 students and 763.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.2:1.<ref name=NCES>District information for Bayonne School District Template:Webarchive, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.</ref> Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics<ref>School Data for the Bayonne School District Template:Webarchive, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.</ref>) are John M. Bailey School No. 12<ref>John M. Bailey No. 12 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (656 students; in grades PreK-8), Mary J. Donohoe No. 4<ref>Mary J. Donohoe No. 4 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (459; PreK-8), Henry E. Harris No. 1<ref>Henry E. Harris No. 1 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (637; PreK-8), Lincoln Community School No. 5<ref>Lincoln Community School No. 5Template:Dead link, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (433; PreK-8), Horace Mann No. 6<ref>Horace Mann No. 6 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (641; PreK-8), Nicholas Oresko School No. 14<ref>Nicholas Oresko School #14 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (444; PreK-8), Dr. Walter F. Robinson No. 3<ref>Dr. Walter F. Robinson No. 3 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (772; PreK-8), William Shemin Midtown Community School No. 8<ref>William Shemin Midtown Community School No. 8 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (1,230; PreK-8), Phillip G. Vroom No. 2<ref>Phillip G. Vroom No. 2 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (485; PreK-8), George Washington Community School No. 9<ref>George Washington Community School No. 9 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (677; PreK-8), Woodrow Wilson School No. 10<ref>Woodrow Wilson No. 10 Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (747; PreK-8), Bayonne High School<ref>Bayonne High School Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (1,290; 9-12) and Bayonne Alternative High School<ref>Bayonne Alternative High School Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref> (141; 9-12).<ref>Schools Template:Webarchive, Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref><ref>Directory / Principals & Assistant Principals Template:Webarchive Bayonne School District. Accessed July 14, 2022.</ref><ref>School Performance Reports for the Bayonne School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed March 31, 2024.</ref><ref>New Jersey School Directory for the Bayonne School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref> Bayonne High School is the only public school in the state to have an on-campus ice rink for its hockey team.<ref>Korpi Ice Rink Template:Webarchive, Bayonne Hockey Association. Accessed October 29, 2016.</ref><ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

During the 1998–99 school year, Midtown Community School No. 8 was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education.<ref>Schools Recognized 1982-1983 Through 1999-2002 Template:Webarchive, p. 53. National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Accessed January 30, 2020.</ref> During the 2008–2009 school year, Nicholas Oresko School No. 14 was recognized as a Blue Ribbon School award, and Washington Community School No. 9 was honored during the 2009–2010 school year.<ref>Schools Recognized 2003 Through 2011 Template:Webarchive, p. 33. National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Accessed November 11, 2012.</ref>

For the 2004–05 school year, Mary J. Donohoe No. 4 School was named a "Star School" by the New Jersey Department of Education, the highest honor that a New Jersey school can achieve.<ref>Template:Cite web, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archive as of December 18, 2006. Accessed November 11, 2012.</ref> It is the fourth school in Bayonne to receive this honor. The other three are Bayonne High School in 1995–96,<ref>Template:Cite web, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archive as of October 10, 2006. Accessed November 11, 2012.</ref> Midtown Community School in 1996–97<ref>Template:Cite web, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archive as of October 10, 2006. Accessed November 11, 2012.</ref> and P.S. #14 in the 1998–99 school year.<ref>Template:Cite web, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archive as of October 10, 2006. Accessed November 11, 2012.</ref>

Private schools

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Private schools in Bayonne include All Saints Catholic Academy, for grades Pre-K–8, which operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark<ref>Hudson County Catholic Schools Template:Webarchive, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed May 7, 2022.</ref> and was one of eight private schools recognized in 2017 as an Exemplary High Performing School by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program of the United States Department of Education.<ref>Pries, Allison. 17 "New Jersey schools earn National Blue Ribbon Award" Template:Webarchive, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 29, 2017. Accessed October 18, 2017.</ref> Marist High School, a co-ed Catholic high school, announced in January 2020 that it would close at the end of the 2019–2020 school year due to deficits that had risen to $1 million and enrollment that had declined by 50% since 2008.<ref>West, Teri. "Marist High School in Bayonne announces it will close in June" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, January 9, 2020. Accessed May 7, 2022. "Marist High School, one of Hudson County's last Catholic high schools, will close in June amid dwindling enrollment and mounting annual financial loss, the school's administration announced Wednesday.... With just 235 students, the school loses over $1 million a year and can no longer sustain itself, President Peter Kane said.... Yet, enrollment has continued to flounder, dropping by 20% in the last four years. Today's enrollment is less half of what it was in 2008."</ref>

The Yeshiva Gedolah of Bayonne is a yeshiva high school / beis medrash / Kolel with 130 students.<ref>Yeshiva Gedola of Bayonne Template:Webarchive, rabbihorowitz.com. Accessed December 30, 2014.</ref>

Holy Family Academy for girls in ninth through twelfth grades was closed at the end of the 2012–2013 school year in the wake of financial difficulties and declining enrollment, having lost the support of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia in 2008.<ref>Conte, Michaelangelo. "Closing announced for Holy Family Academy, all-girls prep school in Bayonne" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, April 20, 2013. Accessed October 29, 2013. "It was a tearful morning yesterday at Holy Family Academy in Bayonne when the 111 students attending the high school for girls were told the academy founded in 1925 will close at the end of the school year."</ref>

Libraries and museums

[edit]

The Bayonne Public Library,<ref>Library History Template:Webarchive, Free Public Library & Cultural Center of Bayonne. Accessed August 29, 2015. "The Bayonne Public Library, incorporated in 1890, moved into the present Carnegie-funded building at 697 Avenue C in 1904. In 1903, Andrew Carnegie donated $50,000 for construction of this library."</ref> one of New Jersey's original 36 Carnegie libraries,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the Bayonne Community Museum,<ref>Charles Hack. "Bayonne museum eyes opening" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal. October 22, 2009. Accessed August 6, 2013.</ref> the Bayonne Firefighters Museum,<ref>Brennan Fire Museum Template:Webarchive, Visit Hudson. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref> and the Joyce-Herbert VFW Post 226 Veterans Museum<ref>Joyce-Herbert VFW Post 226 Veterans Museum Tours Template:Webarchive, VFW Post 226. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref> provide educational events and programs.

Media and culture

[edit]

Bayonne is located within the New York media market, with most of its daily papers available for sale or delivery. Local, county, and regional news is covered by the daily Jersey Journal. The Bayonne Community News is part of The Hudson Reporter group of local weeklies. Other weeklies, the River View Observer and El Especialito also cover local news.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bayonne-based periodicals include the Bayonne Evening Star-Telegram (B.E.S.T.).

Bayonne's local culture is served by the Annual Outdoor Art Show, which was instituted in 2008, in which local artists display their works.<ref>Staff. "Bayonne Town Center to host 3rd Annual Art Show" Template:Webarchive, The Union City Reporter; September 15, 2010; Page 5. Accessed August 25, 2013.</ref>

In the 1983 novel Winter's Tale by Mark Helprin, which is set in a fantastical version of New York City and its surroundings, "The Bayonne Marsh" is the hidden, inaccessible home of the Marshmen, a race of fierce warriors.Template:Citation needed

Jackie Gleason, a former headliner at the Hi-Hat Club in Bayonne, was fascinated by the city and mentioned it often in the television series The Honeymooners.<ref>Roberts, Steven V. "Essay; Bayonne, Pop-Culture Titan (Sort Of)" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, June 12, 2005. Accessed August 25, 2013. "In his television series The Honeymooners, Gleason frequently threatened to send his wife, Alice, 'to the moon.' But he often vowed to dispatch his pal Norton to Bayonne."</ref>

Films set in Bayonne include the 1991 film Mortal Thoughts, with Demi Moore and Bruce Willis, which was filmed near Horace Mann School and locations around Bayonne and Hoboken;<ref>Sullivan, Al. "Bayonne High School is film set Bruce Willis will play principal in new movie" Template:Webarchive, The Hudson Reporter, October 5, 2007. Accessed March 30, 2012. "When Demi Moore came to Bayonne in 1991 to make her film Mortal Thoughts, not many people may know that she brought her actor/husband, Bruce Willis, with her. Willis, who returned to Bayonne last week to film his segments in a new film, entitled The Assassination of a High School Principal or The Sophomore, was a big hit during his first visit, prompting one teacher - who was on the 1991 set at Horace Mann School - who hoped to catch a glimpse of him at the high school."</ref> the 2000 drama Men of Honor, starring Robert De Niro and Cuba Gooding Jr.; the 2002 drama Hysterical Blindness; and the 2005 Tom Cruise science fiction film War of the Worlds, which opens at the Bayonne home of the lead character, and depicts the destruction of the Bayonne Bridge by aliens. Films shot in Bayonne include the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind, scenes of which were filmed at the Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor,<ref>"Building For a Future" Template:Webarchive, The Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor, Bayonne Local Redevelopment Authority, Accessed November 11, 2010.</ref> and the 2008 Mickey Rourke drama The Wrestler, which was partially filmed in the Color & Cuts Salon and the former Dolphin Gym, both of which are on Broadway in Bayonne.<ref>Griffin, Molly. "Rourke, Springsteen win Golden Globes for film shot in Bayonne" Template:Webarchive, NJ.com, January 12, 2009</ref><ref>Sullivan, Al. "'Mr. Bayonne' returns" Template:Webarchive, NJ.com, May 26, 2010</ref>

The November 16, 2010, episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart parodied former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin's reality television series, Sarah Palin's Alaska, in the form of a trailer for a fictional reality show called Jason Jones' Bayonne, New Jersey, whose portrayal of the city was characterized by prostitution, drugs, crime, pollution and a stereotypical Italian-American population.<ref>Clark, Amy Sara. "Bayonne extensively mocked on 'The Daily Show'" Template:Webarchive, NJ.com, November 17, 2010</ref> Bayonne Mayor Mark Smith criticized the sketch, saying, "Jon Stewart's unfortunate and inaccurate depiction of Bayonne represents a lame attempt at humor at the expense of a rock solid, all-American community."<ref>"Bayonne mayor and others fail to see humor in 'Daily Show' skit mocking their city" Template:Webarchive, NJ.com, November 19, 2010</ref> It is also referenced in the humorous song "The Rolling Mills of New Jersey" by John Roberts and Tony Barrand as the narrator's home town.<ref>Lustig, Jay. "'The Rolling Mills of New Jersey,' John Roberts and Tony Barrand" Template:Webarchive, NJArts.net, March 5, 2015. Accessed January 30, 2023. "Set to the tune of — and lyrically similar to — 'The Rolling Hills of the Border' by Scottish folksinger Matt McGinn, the song mocks Jersey's oil refineries and garbage dumps. Its Bayonne-bred narrator actually yearns for them: 'When I die, bury me low/Where I can hear the petroleum flow/A sweeter sound, I never did know/The rolling mills of New Jersey.'""</ref>

The comic strip Piranha Club (originally "Ernie"), drawn by Bud Grace, is set in and around Bayonne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Religion

[edit]

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark operates Catholic churches. Two in Bayonne, Blessed Miriam Teresa Demjanovich Church and St. John Paul II Church, were formed from consolidations,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in 2016, because the number of people attending Catholic churches declined.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Demjanovich church is a merger of St. Andrew and St. Mary Star of the Sea churches, with the merged congregation keeping the two sites for worship. Reverend Alexander Santora in the Jersey Journal wrote that due to the efforts of the pastor, the Demjanovich merger "went off, however, without a hitch."<ref name=Santoramerges>Template:Cite web</ref>

Three other churches, Our Lady of the Assumption, Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, and St. Michael/St. Joseph, merged into John Paul II in 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There were unsuccessful protests to keep Assumption open,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the archdiocese committed to closing that church.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Bayonne's Jewish community is served by Temple Beth Am (Reform), Temple Emanu-El (Conservative), Ohav Zedek (Orthodox), and Chabad (Orthodox).Template:Citation needed

Transportation

[edit]

Roads and highways

[edit]
File:2018-07-08 08 29 42 View west along Interstate 78 (New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension) just west of Exit 14A in Bayonne, Hudson County, New Jersey.jpg
View west along Interstate 78 (New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension) in Bayonne

Template:As of, the city had a total of Template:Convert of roadways, of which Template:Convert were maintained by the city, Template:Convert are overseen by Hudson County, Template:Convert by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and Template:Convert are the responsibility of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.<ref>Hudson County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed October 29, 2013.</ref>

The Bayonne Bridge stretches Template:Convert, connecting south to Staten Island over the Kill Van Kull. Originally constructed in 1931, the bridge underwent a Navigation Clearance Project that was completed in 2017 at a cost of $1.7 billion, that raised the bridge deck from Template:Convert above the water to Template:Convert, allowing larger and more heavily laden cargo ships to clear their way under the bridge.<ref>Bascome, Eric. "Bayonne Bridge rededication ceremony marks end of $1.7 billion project" Template:Webarchive, Staten Island Advance, June 14, 2019. Accessed November 12, 2019. "The ceremony marked the completion of the Navigation Clearance Project, also known as Raise the Roadway, which began construction in 2013 and elevated the deck of the Bayonne Bridge from 151 feet to 215 feet in order to accommodate larger, 21st-century container ships that were unable to fit under the bridge's previous configuration.... The Bayonne Bridge, once the longest steel arch bridge in the world, opened to the public in 1931, paralleling an existing ferry service between Port Richmond, Staten Island and Bayonne, New Jersey.... When opened in 1931, the Bayonne Bridge was the longest steel arch bridge in the world, with the arch spanning 1,775 feet long and standing 325 feet high."</ref>

Several major roadways pass through the city.<ref>Hudson County Highway Map Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed February 28, 2023.</ref> The Newark Bay Extension (Interstate 78) of the New Jersey Turnpike eastbound travels to Jersey City and, via the Holland Tunnel, Manhattan. Westbound, the Newark Bay Bridge provides access to Newark, Newark Liberty International Airport and the rest of the turnpike (Interstate 95).<ref>Interstate 78 Straight Line Diagram Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated March 2016. Accessed February 28, 2023.</ref>

Kennedy Boulevard (County Route 501) is a major thoroughfare along the west side of the city from the Bayonne Bridge north to Jersey City and North Hudson.<ref>County Route 501 Straight Line Diagram Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated November 2012. Accessed February 28, 2023.</ref>

Route 440 runs along the east side of Bayonne, and the West Side of Jersey City, partially following the path of the old Morris Canal route.<ref>Route 440 Straight Line Diagram Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2016. Accessed February 28, 2023.</ref> It connects to the Bayonne Bridge, I-78, and to Route 185 to Liberty State Park.

Public transportation

[edit]
File:HBLR 8 St construction jeh.JPG
8th Street station

The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail has four stops in Bayonne, all originally from the former Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ). They are located at 45th Street, 34th Street, 22nd Street, all just east of Avenue E, and 8th Street (the southern terminal of the 8th Street-Hoboken Line) at Avenue C, which opened in January 2011.<ref>Frassinelli, Mike. "NJ Transit opens Bayonne 8th Street Station, extending Hudson-Bergen Light Rail service" Template:Webarchive, The Star-Ledger, January 31, 2011. Accessed August 25, 2013.</ref><ref>System Map Template:Webarchive. Hudson-Bergen Light Rail. Accessed February 27, 2023.</ref>

Bus transportation is provided on three main north–south streets of the city: Broadway, Kennedy Boulevard, and Avenue C, both by the state-operated NJ Transit and several private bus lines.<ref>Bus Schedules Template:Webarchive, City of Bayonne. Accessed July 6, 2011.</ref> The Broadway line runs solely inside Bayonne city limits, while bus lines on Avenue C and Kennedy Boulevard run to various end points in Jersey City. The NJ Transit 120 runs between Avenue C in Bayonne and Battery Park in Downtown Manhattan during rush hours in peak direction while the 81 provides service to Jersey City.<ref>Hudson County Bus/rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 26, 2010. Accessed October 29, 2016.</ref><ref>Hudson County System Map Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed November 12, 2019.</ref><ref>2018 Hudson County Transit Map Template:Webarchive, Hudson Transportation Management Association. Accessed November 12, 2019.</ref>

MTA Regional Bus Operations provides bus service between Bayonne and Staten Island on the S89 route, which connects the 34th Street light rail station and the Eltingville neighborhood on Staten Island with no other stops in Bayonne. It is the first interstate bus service operated by the New York City Transit Authority.<ref>Gargiulo, Joseph. "New Bus Ferries Staten Islanders" Template:Webarchive, NYCity News Service, November 16, 2007. Accessed July 6, 2011. "The S89, the first interstate bus route run by New York City Transit, connects Eltingville, Staten Island, with the 34th Street Hudson-Bergen Light Rail station in Bayonne. It was created to improve Staten Island transportation and provide access to jobs in Jersey City and Hoboken."</ref>

For 114 years, the CNJ ran frequent service through the city. Trains ran north to the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal in Jersey City. Trains ran west to Elizabethport, Elizabeth and Cranford for points west and south. The implementation of the Aldene Connection in 1967 bypassed CNJ trains around Bayonne so that nearly all trains would either terminate at Newark Pennsylvania Station or at Hoboken Terminal.<ref>Middleton, Kathleen M. Bayonne Passages Template:Webarchive, p. 151. Arcadia Publishing, 1999. Template:ISBN. Accessed February 7, 2018. "Dwight Palmer had released a plan to reroute the mainline of the Jersey Central Railroad east of the town of Aldene. By shifting the mainline from Jersey City, the Palmer, or Aldene, plan all but finished passenger service through Bayonne. Despite the city's protest, the state enacted the plan in 1967."</ref> By 1973, a lightly used shuttle between Bayonne and Cranford that operated 20 times per day was the final remnant of service on the line.<ref>Burks, Edward C. "Bayonne May Lose Its Trains" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, May 27, 1973. Accessed February 7, 2018. "There were strong hints from the state's Department of Transportation last week that drastic curtailment or a complete cutoff of the Jersey Central's commuter service to Bayonne is imminent. Twenty times a day, a diesel car Shuttles between Bayonne and Cranford, on the Central's main line. But only two early-morning trips to Bayonne and two returning ones in the evening are heavily patronized."</ref> Until August 6, 1978, a shuttle service between Bayonne and Cranford retained the last leg of service with the CNJ trains.<ref>Thorpe, Steve. "Conrail/NJ D.O.T. Draws the Curtain on the Bayonne Shuttle" Template:Webarchive Accessed August 18, 2013.</ref>

Points of interest

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File:Bayonne western tip jeh.JPG
Kill Van Kull meets Newark Bay
File:Bayonne wetland park bridge jeh.jpg
Rutkowski Park

National Registered Historic Places and museums

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See List of Registered Historic Places in Hudson County, New Jersey

Notable people

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Template:Category see also People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Bayonne include ((B) denotes that the person was born in the city): Template:Div col

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References

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