Jump to content

Paterson, New Jersey

From Niidae Wiki
Revision as of 23:22, 19 May 2025 by imported>Rummygummy (Sister cities: Added city that wasn't listed before)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Paterson (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>) is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.<ref name=CountyMap>New Jersey County Map, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed July 10, 2017.</ref> As of the 2020 United States census, Paterson was the state's third-most-populous municipality,<ref name=Largest2020>Table1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref> with a population of 159,732.<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> an increase of 13,533 (+9.3%) from the 2010 census count of 146,199,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=LWD2010/> which in turn reflected a decline of 3,023 (-2.0%) from the 149,222 counted in the 2000 census.<ref>Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref> The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 156,452 for 2023,<ref name=PopEst/> making it the 168th-most populous municipality in the nation.<ref name=ANNRNK>Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 20,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2023 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 30, 2024.</ref>

A prominent mill town within the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area, Paterson has been known as Silk City for its once-dominant role in silk production during the latter half of 19th century.<ref name=Reuters>Thomasch, Paul. "Irene another blow to struggling New Jersey city", Reuters, September 1, 2011. Accessed January 24, 2012. "Nicknamed the 'Silk City' for its 19th-century silk factories, Paterson has a place in labor history as the site of a six-month strike in 1913 by the Industrial Workers of the World, or 'Wobblies,' who were viewed as a threat to capitalism at a time when the United States had a radical labor movement."</ref> It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from Turkey, the Arab world, and South Asia. Paterson has the nation's second-largest per capita Muslim population.<ref name="algemeiner.com">"Robert Menendez, New Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair: 'No Daylight Between US, Israel On My Watch'", The Algemeiner, March 13, 2013. Accessed January 27, 2015. "JNS.org asked Menendez if his public support for the Jewish community and for Israel in any way has conflicted with his work in diverse New Jersey communities such as Paterson, a city that is home to the second-largest Muslim population in the U.S. as well as a mosque, the Islamic Center of Passaic County, whose leader, Mohammad Qatanani, is allegedly a member of Hamas."</ref>

History

[edit]

Template:Further

The area of Paterson was inhabited by the Algonquian-speaking Native American Acquackanonk tribe of the Lenape, also known as the Delaware Indians. The land was known as the Lenapehoking. The Dutch claimed the land as New Netherlands, followed by the British as the Province of New Jersey.<ref name="Passaic County">Scott, William Winfield. "The Founding of Passaic 250 years ago" Template:Webarchive, Passaic County Historical Society, September 1, 1929. Accessed January 27, 2015.</ref>

Establishment

[edit]

In 1791, Alexander Hamilton (1755/57–1804), first United States Secretary of the Treasury, helped found the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), which helped encourage the harnessing of energy from the Great Falls of the Passaic River to secure economic independence from British manufacturers. The society founded Paterson, which became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in America.<ref>District Significance, Paterson Friends of the Great Falls. Accessed September 4, 2011.</ref> Paterson was named for William Paterson, statesman, signer of the Constitution and Governor of New Jersey, who signed the 1792 charter that established the Town of Paterson.<ref>Who Was William Paterson? Template:Webarchive, William Paterson University. Accessed September 4, 2011. "He also supported a proposal by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and a group of investors to incorporate them as the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures (SUM). In 1792 he signed the charter incorporating SUM as well as a municipal charter covering 36 square miles for the Corporation of the Town of Paterson at the site of the Great Falls of the Passaic River."</ref><ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 16, 2015.</ref>

Architect, engineer and city planner Pierre L'Enfant (1754–1825), who had earlier developed the initial plans for Washington, D.C., was the first planner for the S.U.M. project.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> His plan proposed to harness the power of the Great Falls through a channel in the rock and an aqueduct. The society's directors felt he was taking too long and was over budget; he was replaced by Peter Colt, who used a less complicated reservoir system to get the water flowing to factories in 1794. Eventually, Colt's system developed some problems and a scheme resembling L'Enfant's original plan was used after 1846.<ref>Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, Paterson Friends of the Great Falls. Accessed August 15, 2011.</ref><ref>Introduction: Project Copy of the Calendar of the S.U.M. Collection of Manuscripts from the New Jersey Historical Records Survey, Paterson Friends of the Great Falls, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 11, 2015. Accessed December 9, 2016.</ref>

Paterson was originally formed as a township from portions of Acquackanonk Township on April 11, 1831, while the area was still part of Essex County. It became part of the newly created Passaic County on February 7, 1837, and was incorporated as a city on April 14, 1851, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The city was reincorporated on March 14, 1861.<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 210. Accessed May 30, 2024.</ref>

Industrial growth

[edit]

The Template:Convert Great Falls and a system of water raceways that harnessed the falls' power provided power for the mills in the area until 1914 and fostered growth of the city.<ref>Narvaez, Alfonso A. "Historic Power Plant Reborn At The Great Falls In Paterson", The New York Times, June 30, 1987. Accessed April 18, 2012.</ref> The district originally included dozens of mill buildings and other manufacturing structures associated with the textile industry and, later, the firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. In the latter half of the 19th century, silk production became the dominant industry and formed the basis of Paterson's most prosperous period, earning it the nickname "Silk City."<ref>Paterson, New Jersey:America's Silk City, National Park Service. Accessed April 18, 2012. "These mills manufactured many things during the long history of this industrial city—cotton textiles, steam locomotives, Colt revolvers, and aircraft engines. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, they produced silk fabrics in such quantities that Paterson was known as 'Silk City.'"</ref>

In 1835, Samuel Colt began producing firearms in Paterson, but within a few years he moved his business to Hartford, Connecticut. Later in the 19th century, Paterson was the site of early experiments with submarines by Irish-American inventor John Philip Holland. Two of Holland's early models—one found at the bottom of the Passaic River—are on display in the Paterson Museum, housed in the former Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works near the Passaic Falls.<ref>Sachs, Andrea. "Escapes: Paterson, N.J.'s Great Falls is an urban oasis with depth", Washington Post, August 6, 2010. Accessed April 18, 2012. "The museum, for example, owns the first two submersibles built by John Philip Holland, the Father of the Modern Submarine, and 30 of the rare Colt Paterson firearms (1837–42), the third-largest collection in the world."</ref>

Behind Newark and New York, the brewing industry was booming in Paterson in the late 1800s. Braun Brewery, Sprattler & Mennell, Graham Brewery, The Katz Brothers, and Burton Brewery merged in 1890 to form Paterson Consolidated Brewing Company. Hinchliffe Brewing and Malting Company, founded in 1861, produced 75,000 barrels a year from its state-of-the-art facility at 63 Governor Street. All the breweries closed during Prohibition.<ref>Hinchliffe Brewery, City of Paterson. Accessed July 26, 2023. "The brewing industry in Paterson was soon thereafter crippled and dissolved by the Temperance movement and prohibition era of the 1920-30s."</ref>

The city was a mecca for immigrant laborers, who worked in its factories, particularly Italian weavers from the Naples region. Paterson was the site of historic labor unrest that focused on the six-month-long Paterson silk strike of 1913 that demanded the eight-hour day and better working conditions. It was defeated, with workers returning at the end of the strike without having negotiated any changes.<ref>Worth-Baker, Marcia. "Striking Out: Paterson’s Famous Labor Dispute", New Jersey Monthly, January 17, 2013. Accessed July 26, 2023. "The workers’ key demands: an eight-hour day and improved working conditions, including a return to the two-loom system.... One by one, the silk mills began to spin again without significant concessions from the owners. In the end, Steiger wrote, the strike was 'one of the most bitterly contested and wasteful contests in the history of the industries of this nation.'"</ref>

In 1919, Paterson was one of eight locations bombed by self-identified anarchists.<ref>Salerno, Salvatore. "Paterson's Italian Anarchist Silk Workers and the Politics of Race by Salvatore Salerno", libcom.org, February 5, 2011. Accessed November 28, 2011.</ref>

Post–World War II era

[edit]

During World War II, Paterson played an important part in the aircraft engine industry. By the end of the war, however, urban areas were in decline; Paterson was no exception. Beginning in the late 1960s, the city suffered high unemployment rates and white flight.<ref>Hirsch, James S. Hurricane: The Miraculous Journey of Rubin Carter, p. 8. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000. Template:ISBN. Accessed March 9, 2025. "At the time of Rubin Carter's arrest in 1966, his hometown of Paterson, New Jersey, was dominated by Mayor Frank X. Graves.... Faced with white flight and fears of rising crime rates, he launched a law-and-order crusade with a hard-edged moralism."</ref>

According to the New Jersey Historical Commission, Paterson’s industrialism ended “as the economy and technological needs of the United States changed. By 1983, Paterson was the fifth poorest city in the United States. The town that had called itself Silk City, the Iron City, and the Cotton City, was in economic ruin”.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Once millwork and production left the city, Paterson’s poverty became reminiscent of what occurred in the towns surrounding the Appalachian Mountains once the coal mining industry ended. In 2020, 25.2% of Paterson residents lived in poverty.<ref name=Census2020/>

Competition from malls in upscale neighboring towns like Wayne and Paramus forced large chain stores out of Paterson's downtown. With the decline of the city's industrial base, small businesses became the city's most prominent businesses. But the city still attracts many immigrants, who have revived its economy, especially through small businesses.<ref>Get to Know Paterson Template:Webarchive, Merchants & Businesses of Downtown Paterson. Accessed August 16, 2012. "Today, the city's growth and economy has been boosted by immigrants who still migrate to Paterson for the small business opportunities."</ref>Template:Better source needed

The downtown area has been struck by massive fires several times, most recently on January 17, 1991. In this fire, almost an entire city block was engulfed in flames due to an electrical fire in the basement of a bar at 161 Main Street.<ref>Last Alarm, Paterson Fire Journal, June 21, 2008. Accessed August 5, 2014.</ref> Firefighter John A. Nicosia lost his life in the fire.<ref>Via Associated Press. "Firefighter's Body Is Found", The New York Times, January 21, 1991. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Paterson firefighters have found the body of a missing colleague, two days after a fire destroyed much of two city blocks."</ref> A plaque honoring his memory was later placed on a wall near the area. The area was so badly damaged that most of the burned buildings were demolished, with an outdoor mall standing in their place. The most notable of the destroyed buildings was the Meyer Brothers department store, which closed in 1987 and had since been parceled out.<ref>Meyer Brothers Department Store Fire January 17, 1991, Paterson Fire History. Accessed July 26, 2023.</ref>

Paterson includes numerous locations listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including museums, civic buildings such as City Hall, Hinchliffe Stadium, Public School Number Two and the Danforth Memorial Library, churches (Cathedral of St. John the Baptist and St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church), individual residences, such as Lambert Castle, and districts of the city, such as the Paterson Downtown Commercial Historic District, the Great Falls/Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures Historic District and the Eastside Park Historic District.<ref>New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Historic Preservation Office, updated June 22, 2023. Accessed July 26, 2023.</ref>

In August 2011, Paterson was severely affected in the aftermath of Hurricane Irene, particularly by flooding of the Passaic River, where waters rose to levels unseen for 100 years, leading to the displacement of thousands and the closure of bridges over the river.<ref>Dolnick, Sam. "River, at 100-Year High, Ravages a City That Once Thrived on It", The New York Times, August 31, 2011. Accessed August 5, 2014. "On Wednesday, this working-class city in North Jersey was fighting back the highest floodwaters in over a century. At least 6,000 people here have been affected, Mayor Jeffery Jones said."</ref> Touring the area with Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Craig Fugate, U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano declared, "This is as bad as I've seen, and I've been in eight states that have been impacted by Irene." The same day, President Obama declared New Jersey a disaster area.<ref>Staff. "President Obama declares N.J. a disaster area as residents continue to deal with Hurricane Irene's impact", The Star-Ledger, September 1, 2011. Accessed August 5, 2014.</ref>

Geography

[edit]
File:Map Passaic County Paterson NJ.gif
Road map of Passaic County, with Paterson, showing rivers and lakes around towns

Paterson is in the southern part of Passaic County, which is near the north edge of New Jersey, as a county that spans some hilly areas and has dozens of lakes. The county covers a region about Template:Convert. The region is split by major roads, including portions of Interstate 80, which runs through Paterson (see map at left). The Garden State Parkway (GSP) cuts across the south of Paterson, near Clifton, New Jersey. The Passaic River winds northeast past Totowa into Paterson, where the river then turns south to Passaic town, on the way to Newark, further south.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 8.71 square miles (22.55 km2), including 8.41 square miles (21.79 km2) of land and 0.29 square miles (0.76 km2) of water (3.38%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1 />

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Riverside and Totowa.<ref>Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.</ref>

The city borders the municipalities of Clifton, Haledon, Hawthorne, Prospect Park, Totowa and Woodland Park (formerly West Paterson) in Passaic County; and both Elmwood Park (formerly East Paterson) and Fair Lawn in Bergen County.<ref>Areas touching Paterson, MapIt. Accessed March 2, 2020.</ref><ref>Passaic County Map Template:Webarchive, Coalition for a Healthy NJ. Accessed March 2, 2020.</ref><ref>New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

Neighborhoods

[edit]

Template:Paterson, New Jersey neighborhoods The Great Falls Historic District is the most famous neighborhood in Paterson because of the landmark Great Falls of the Passaic River. The city has attempted to revitalize the area in recent years, including the installation of period lamp posts and the conversion of old industrial buildings into apartments and retail venues. Many artists live in this section of Paterson. A major redevelopment project is planned for this district in the coming years. The Paterson Museum of Industrial History at Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works is situated in the Historic District.<ref>Paterson Mill Survey, City of Paterson. Accessed January 27, 2015.</ref>

Downtown Paterson is the main commercial district of the city and was once a shopping destination for many who lived in North Jersey. After a devastating fire in 1902, the city rebuilt the downtown with massive Beaux-Arts-style buildings, many of which remain to this day. These buildings are usually four to seven stories tall. Downtown Paterson is home to Paterson City Hall and the Passaic County Courthouse Annex, two of the city's architectural landmarks. City Hall was designed by the New York firm Carrere and Hastings in 1894, and was modeled after the Hôtel de Ville (city hall) in Lyon, France, capital of the silk industry in Europe.<ref>Walking Tour of Downtown Template:Webarchive, PatersonHistory.com. Accessed May 3, 2012.</ref>

The former Orpheum Theatre located on Van Houten Street has been converted to a mosque by the Islamic Foundation of New Jersey. The massive structure, now known as Masjid Jalalabad, can accommodate 1,500 worshipers.<ref name="Savor City" />

As with many other old downtown districts in the United States, Downtown Paterson suffered as shoppers and retailers moved to the suburban shopping malls of the region. Many historic buildings are in disrepair or are abandoned after years of neglect. In addition, Downtown Paterson is an Urban Enterprise Zone. The city has, in recent years, begun initiatives in hopes of reviving the downtown area with the centerpiece being the Center City Mall, constructed on a large parking lot spanning Ward Street from Main to Church Streets and features retail, entertainment, and commercial space. Downtown Paterson is located in the city's 1st Ward.<ref>Rumley, Ed. "Paterson mayor hears community complaints on speeding, drugs and parking at ward meeting", Paterson Press, August 21, 2019. Accessed July 26, 2023. "The 1st Ward covers about half the section of the city north of the Passaic River as well as the area around the Great Falls and Paterson’s downtown."</ref>

Eastside Park Historic District consists of about 1,000 homes in a variety of architectural styles, including Tudors, Georgian colonials, Victorians, Italianate villas and Dutch colonials. It is located east of downtown. Once the home of the city's industrial and political leaders, the neighborhood experienced a significant downturn as industry fled Paterson. In recent years, gentrification has begun to occur in the neighborhood and some of the area's historic houses have been restored.Template:Citation needed

The Eastside Park Historic District is a state and nationally registered historic place. The jewel of the neighborhood is Eastside Park and the mansions that surround it. This section of Paterson once had a large Jewish population that reached 40,000 at its peak; a synagogue still remains.<ref>Hyman, Vicki. "Colonial mansion restored in Paterson's once- (and again) grand Eastside Park", The Star-Ledger, July 1, 2009. Accessed September 22, 2011. "Smaller but no less spectacular examples of Tudor, Craftsman, Dutch Colonial, Federal, Greek Revival, Spanish and even mid-century modern homes sprang up over the next half-century. Eastside Park at one point was home to as many as 40,000 Jews, but they decamped rapidly to burgeoning suburbs starting in the late 1950s (though Temple Emanuel, the octagonal art deco neighborhood landmark, didn't pull up roots until 2005)."</ref> Eastside Park and what is commonly known as the Upper Eastside are located in Paterson's 3rd Ward.<ref name=MasterPlan>Master Plan, City of Paterson, March 2014. Accessed July 26, 2023.</ref>

East River Section is a section that is referred to by locals roughly bordering Riverside at 5th Avenue and extending south to Broadway, sandwiched in by Madison Avenue to McClean Boulevard (Route 20). However, the neighborhood's layout unofficially extends to the "Paterson-Newark/Hudson Route" of River Road in the Paterson-Memorial Park section of Fair Lawn whose house addresses are in alignment with the now-defunct Jewish synagogue on the corner of 33rd Street and Broadway, which connects Paterson to Newark/Hudson, and at one time was the main route through River Drive, which starts in Elmwood Park and rides north to south along the East Bank of the Passaic River in Paterson's original county.Template:Citation needed

Built when Paterson was still Bergen County, River Drive changes to River Road in the greater Eastside Sections of Upper Eastside-Manor Section, East River, and Riverside Sections, and turns into Wagaraw Road north of 1st Avenue / Maple Avenue in the old Bunker Hill extension of Columbia Heights in Fair Lawn an indication of not only entering the Industrial Section but also entering the foothills of the Ramapo Mountains in Hawthorne.Template:Citation needed

River Drive then turns into East Main Street to indicate that you have entered the Northside Section. The East River neighborhood which was and still maintains its "blue-collar" working-class identity, was at one time known for its large Jewish community, as well as a Neapolitan/Italian population and more recently other Mediterranean and Adriatic Europeans, Caribbean and South Americans, and other modern immigrant groups from all over the world, as well as African-Americans.Template:Citation needed

Manor Section is a residential neighborhood in Paterson. It is located east of East 33rd Street, north of Broadway, and southwest of Route 20 and the Passaic River. The Manor section of Paterson is located in the city's 3rd Ward. The layout and culture of the Manor Section also extends into the neighboring Lyncrest and Rivercrest sections of Fair Lawn, with all the addresses aligning themselves to the now-defunct Jewish Temple, located at the corner of 33rd and Broadway.

South Paterson, also known as Little Istanbul or Little Ramallah, is a diverse neighborhood with a growing number of immigrants from the Middle East, with significant Turkish and Arab communities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The neighborhood is located in the 6th Ward, east of Main Street and west of West Railway Avenue. A majority of the city's Arabs live in this section of Paterson. Many of the retail shops and restaurants cater to this community. The neighborhood is characterized by Halal meat markets which offer goat and lamb, and shop signs are in Arabic. South Paterson's Arab community is mostly made up of Jordanians, Palestinians,<ref name="PalestinianPaterson">Cowen, Richard. "Paterson's Palestinians celebrate annual flag-raising at City Hall", The Record, May 18, 2014. Accessed August 5, 2014.</ref> Syrians,<ref name=syrianpaterson/><ref name=syrian2paterson/> and Lebanese.<ref>La Valle-Finn, Lisa. "Living The Dream: Palestinian traditions and American freedoms blend perfectly in Paterson.", New Jersey Monthly, November 10, 2009. Accessed November 14, 2011.</ref>

Lakeview is situated in the southern part of the city, and is a middle class neighborhood. Interstate 80 runs north of this district. Lakeview is home to the Paterson Farmers Market, where many people from across North Jersey come to buy fresh produce. The neighborhood is roughly 65% Hispanic, although it also has a significant Filipino presence. Lakeview also shares some of the same characteristics as neighboring Clifton as they both share a neighborhood bearing the same name. The Lakeview section of Paterson is located in the city's 6th ward.

Hillcrest is a largely residential, middle class enclave, to the west of the downtown area. Its borders' limits are Preakness Avenue to the east, Cumberland Avenue to the west, and Totowa Avenue along with West Side Park and the Passaic River to the south. Hillcrest is one of Paterson's most desirable neighborhoods. The neighborhood is very diverse having significant Italian, Arab, and Asian populations. The Hillcrest section of Paterson is located in the city's 2nd Ward.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

People's Park is a neighborhood located north of 23rd Avenue and south of Market Street. Twenty-First Avenue, or "La Veinte y uno", as it is known by most of Paterson's Spanish-speaking community, is located in the People's Park section of Paterson. It is an active and vibrant retail strip featuring a variety of shops and services catering to a diverse clientele. Twenty-First Avenue used to have a large Italian population. Although there is still a significant Italian presence left in the neighborhood, it also has a large first-generation Hispanic population, particularly Colombian.

Wrigley Park is a neighborhood that has suffered from years of poverty, crime, and neglect. It is mostly African-American. Poverty, crime, open-air drug markets, prostitution, vacant lots, and boarded-up windows are all common in this area. However, new houses are being built, and crime has dropped in recent years. This neighborhood is located north of Broadway. It is also known as the '4th Ward'.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was named for a Paterson paper manufacturing family.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sandy Hill is a neighborhood in the Eastside located roughly west of Madison Avenue, north of 21st Avenue, south of Park Avenue, and east of Straight Street. Due to Paterson's significant population turn-over, this neighborhood is now home to a large and growing Hispanic community, mostly first-generation Dominicans. The Sandy Hill section of Paterson is located in the city's 5th Ward. Roberto Clemente Park, which was originally known as Sandy Hill Park, is located in this neighborhood.Template:Citation needed

Part of the 5th Ward is called Near Eastside by residents to differentiate it from the Eastside Park Historic District to its immediate east.

Northside, located north of Downtown, suffers from many of the social problems facing the Wrigley Park neighborhood, but to a lesser extent. This neighborhood borders the boroughs of Haledon and Prospect Park and is known for its hills and sweeping views of the New York City skyline. The Northside section of Paterson is located in the city's 1st Ward.Template:Citation needed

Totowa section is a large neighborhood located west of the Passaic River, southwest of West Broadway and northeast of Preakness Avenue. As the name implies, it borders the town of Totowa. It is mostly Hispanic but with an increasing South Asian community, mainly Bangladeshi. Many Bengali grocery and clothing stores are located on Union Avenue and the surrounding streets. Masjid Al-Ferdous is located on Union Avenue, which accommodates the daily Bangladeshi pedestrian population.Template:Citation needed

A large Italian presence remains in this neighborhood. Many Peruvian and other Latin American restaurants and businesses are located on Union Avenue. Colonial Village and Brooks Sloate Terraces are located in this neighborhood. The Totowa Section is located in parts of the 1st and 2nd Wards of Paterson.Template:Citation needed

Stoney Road is Paterson's southwesternmost neighborhood, bordering Woodland Park to the south and Totowa across the Passaic River to the west. This neighborhood is home to Pennington Park, Hayden Heights, Lou Costello Pool, the Levine reservoir, Murray Avenue, Mc Bride Avenue, and Garret Heights. A strong Italian presence remains in this neighborhood. The Stoney Road section of Paterson is located in the city's 2nd Ward.

Riverside is a larger neighborhood in Paterson and, as its name suggests, is bound by the Passaic River to the north and east, separating the city from Hawthorne and Fair Lawn. Riverside is a working-class neighborhood. The neighborhood is mostly residential with some industrial uses. Madison Avenue cuts through the heart of this district. Route 20 runs through the eastern border of Riverside, providing an easy commute to Route 80 East and New York City. This section is ethnically diverse with a growing Hispanic community concentrating mostly north and along River Street. Many Albanians make their home in the East 18th Street and River Street areas. River View Terrace is located in this neighborhood. Riverside is located in parts of the 3rd and 4th Wards of Paterson.Template:Citation needed

Bunker Hill is a mostly industrial area west of River Street and east of the Passaic River.

Westside Park located off Totowa Avenue and best known as the site of the Holland submarine, Fenian Ram, which was built from 1879 to 1881<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> for the Fenian Brotherhood. It became the target of graffiti artists because the fence surrounding it was too low and too close to the submarine itself. The sub is now located in Paterson Museum.<ref>Other Important Industries In Paterson, Paterson Friends of the Great Falls. Accessed August 5, 2012.</ref>

Climate

[edit]

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally cool to cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Paterson has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps.<ref>Climate and monthly weather forecast Paterson, NJ</ref> Despite the size of the city, it has no weather reporting station, and thus, no historical climate data. Paterson uses Newark's airport for its local weather.Template:Citation needed

Demographics

[edit]
File:Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg
Downtown Paterson, pictured June 2009

Template:US Census population According to then-Mayor Jose Torres, Paterson had 52 distinct ethnic groups in 2014.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. "Political battle brewing over Paterson's plans for Hispanic Heritage Month event" Template:Webarchive, The Record, September 25, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014. "'I have 52 different ethnic groups in the city,' said Torres. 'If I incur the expense, I have to do it for everybody.'"</ref> By 2020, Paterson had the second-largest Muslim population in the United States by percentage.<ref name="algemeiner.com"/> Paterson's rapidly growing Bangladeshi American,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Turkish American, Arab American,<ref name=ST2004>via Associated Press. "Muslims could prove key in choosing next U.S. president", The Seattle Times, October 8, 2004. Accessed July 17, 2011. "... Paterson, which is the nation's second-largest Arab-American community after the Dearborn, Mich.-area."</ref> Albanian American, Bosnian American, Dominican American, and Peruvian American communities are among the largest and most prominent in the United States, the latter owing partially to the presence of the Consulate of Peru.<ref>Sudol, Karen. "North Jersey Peruvians celebrate Peru's independence with a flag-raising in Paterson", The Record, July 27, 2013. Accessed August 5, 2014.</ref> Paterson's Muslim population has been estimated at 25,000 to 30,000.<ref name=Reuters/> Paterson has become a prime destination for one of the fastest-growing communities of Dominican Americans, who have become the city's largest ethnic group.<ref>Valencia, Laura. "Thousands celebrate their heritage in Paterson's Dominican Parade" Template:Webarchive, Paterson Press, September 8, 2013. Accessed August 5, 2014. "The Dominican community has become the largest among the city's more than 50 ethnic groups, with tens of thousands tracing their heritage to the Dominican Republic."</ref> The Puerto Rican population has established a highly significant presence as well.<ref name=hispanicpaterson/>

2020 census

[edit]

Template:Expand section

Paterson, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition
Template:Nobold
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1990<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Partial<ref name=2020CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 Template:Partial
White alone (NH) 34,571 19,765 13,426 12,523 24.54% 13.25% 9.18% 7.84%
Black or African American alone (NH) 46,100 46,882 41,431 36,667 32.72% 31.42% 28.34% 22.96%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 225 242 217 186 0.16% 0.16% 0.15% 0.12%
Asian alone (NH) 1,754 2,728 4,663 7,991 1.24% 1.83% 3.19% 5.00%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) N/A 56 21 17 N/A 0.04% 0.01% 0.01%
Other race alone (NH) 530 496 437 1,260 0.38% 0.33% 0.30% 0.79%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) N/A 4,279 1,750 2,225 N/A 2.87% 1.20% 1.39%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 57,711 74,774 84,254 98,863 40.96% 50.11% 57.63% 61.89%
Total 140,891 149,222 146,199 159,732 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

[edit]

The 2010 United States census counted 146,199 people, 44,329 households, and 32,715 families in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 47,946 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup was 34.68% (50,706) White, 31.68% (46,314) Black or African American, 1.06% (1,547) Native American, 3.34% (4,878) Asian, 0.04% (60) Pacific Islander, 23.94% (34,999) from other races, and 5.26% (7,695) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57.63% (84,254) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/>

Of the 44,329 households, 38.7% had children under the age of 18; 35.4% were married couples living together; 29.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 26.2% were non-families. Of all households, 21.0% were made up of individuals and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.71.<ref name=Census2010/>

27.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.9 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

Same-sex couples headed 290 households in 2010, a decline from the 349 counted in 2000.<ref>Lipman, Harvy; and Sheingold, Dave. "North Jersey sees 30% growth in same-sex couples", The Record, August 14, 2011, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 3, 2013. Accessed December 1, 2014.</ref>

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $34,086 (with a margin of error of ±$1,705) and the median family income was $39,003 (±$2,408). Males had a median income of $30,811 (±$825) versus $28,459 (±$1,570) for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,543 (±$467). About 24.1% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.0% of those under age 18 and 25.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref>DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 24, 2012.</ref>

2000 census

[edit]

As of the 2000 United States census<ref name="GR2" /> there were 149,222 people, 44,710 households, and 33,353 families residing in the city, for a population density of 17,675.4 per square mile (6,826.4/km2).<ref name=Census2000>Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Paterson city, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 13, 2013.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 13, 2013.</ref> Among cities with a population higher than 100,000, Paterson was the second most densely populated large city in the United States, only after New York City.<ref>Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Population per Square Mile, 2000 in Rank Order Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 5, 2011.</ref>

There were 47,169 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 32.90% African American, 13.20% White, 0.60% Native American, 1.90% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 27.60% from other races and 6.17% from two or more races. Latino people of any race were 50.1% of the population.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> The majority of Latinos are Puerto Rican 14%, Dominican 10%, Peruvian 5% and Colombian 3%.<ref>QT-P15 - Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 2000 from the 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) - Sample Data for Paterson city, Passaic County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 14, 2013.</ref>

There were 44,710 households, out of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were married couples living together, 26.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.71.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/> The median income for a household in the city was $30,127, and the median income for a family was $32,983. Males had a median income of $27,911 versus $21,733 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,257. About 19.2% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

Ethnic groups

[edit]

Template:See also

File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Paterson.png
A map showing the diversity of Paterson's population, 2010

Waves of Irish, Germans, Dutch, and Jews settled in the city in the 19th century. Italian and Eastern Europe immigrants soon followed. As early as 1890, Syrian, Lebanese and Palestinian immigrants also arrived in Paterson.Template:Citation needed

In a book called The Shortest History of Migration, the economist Ian Goldin explains the concept of chain migration or network migration by noting that 90% of Dutch migrants from South Holland to the United States settled in three American towns, one of which was Paterson.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In addition to many African Americans of Southern heritage, more recent immigrants have come from the Caribbean and Africa. Paterson's black population increased during the Great Migration of the 20th century, but there have been Patersonians of African descent since before the Civil War. However, Paterson's black population declined between the years 2000 and 2010,<ref>Paterson city, New Jersey QuickLinks Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2013.</ref> consistent with the overall return migration of African Americans from northern New Jersey back to the Southern United States.<ref>Sheingold, Dve. "North Jersey black families leaving for lure of new South", The Record, February 20, 2011. Accessed May 21, 2013. "In Paterson, the number dipped from 46,900 to 41,400 and now comprises 28 percent of the city's population."</ref> A house once existing at Bridge Street and Broadway was a station on the Underground Railroad. It was operated from 1855 to 1864 by abolitionists William Van Rensalier, a black engineer, and Josiah Huntoon, a white industrialist.<ref>Sharkey, Joe. "Finding a Lost Page From a Family History", The New York Times, November 10, 1996. Accessed May 3, 2012. "Blinking back tears, Delores Van Rensalier pushed a shovel into the damp earth in a vacant lot wedged between a Wendy's restaurant and the police and courts complex in downtown Paterson. Beside her, workers were putting up a sign to mark the lot as the location of 'the Huntoon-Van Rensalier Station of the Underground Railroad, 1855–1864.'... Paterson, a prosperous milltown before the Civil War, was a 'station' on the Underground Railroad, the clandestine network of way stations operated by northern abolitionists to help slaves escape to Canada from the South. Huntoon operated his station in partnership with Van Rensalier, whom Ms. Van Rensalier now suspects came here on a slave ship and later assumed the Dutch name as a free man.</ref> There is a memorial located at the site.<ref>Van Rensalier, Dolores; and Alaya, Flavia. Bridge Street to Freedom: Landmarking a Station on the Underground Railroad, Ramapo College, 1999. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>Anderson, Samuel. "Plans for a monument at Paterson's Underground Railroad station", Paterson press, January 10, 2014. Accessed January 27, 2015.</ref> Many second- and third-generation Puerto Ricans have called Paterson home since the 1950s, including an estimated 10,000 who participated in the 2014 mayoral election, which was won by Jose "Joey" Torres, a Puerto Rican American who was one of three Hispanic candidates vying for the seat.<ref name=hispanicpaterson>Loboguerrero, Cristina; translated from Spanish by Carlos Rodríguez-Martorell, Carlos. "Three Hispanic Candidates Vie For Paterson, NJ Mayor" Template:Webarchive, Voices of NY from El Diario La Prensa, May 12, 2014. "Puerto Rican José 'Joey' Torres, who was the mayor from 2002 to 2010, seeks to regain the seat after losing it to Jeffery Jones in the past election. Torres and the current City Council President Andre Sayegh are the main favorites to unseat Jones in the May 13 election. The other Latino candidates are both Dominican: María Teresa Feliciano is a newcomer in politics, and Councilman Rigo Rodríguez was recently charged with electoral fraud."</ref> Today's Hispanic immigrants to Paterson are primarily Dominican, Peruvian, Colombian, Mexican, and Central American, with a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration as well. In 2014, more than 600 business people attended the annual Statewide Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of New Jersey Convention in Paterson.<ref>Anzidei, Melanie. "Hispanic chamber hosts annual convention in Paterson; state provides grant for entrepreneurship center", The Record, October 23, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014.</ref>

Western Market Street, sometimes called Little Lima by tourists, is home to many Peruvian and other Latin-American businesses. In contrast, if one travels east on Market Street, a heavy concentration of Dominican-owned restaurants, beauty salons, barbershops, and other businesses can be seen. The Great Falls Historic District, Cianci Street, Union Avenue, and 21st Avenue have several Italian businesses. To the north of the Great Falls is a fast-growing Bangladeshi population. Park Avenue and Market Street between Straight Street and Madison Avenue are heavily Dominican and Puerto Rican.Template:Citation needed

Main Street, just south of downtown, is heavily Mexican with a resurgent Puerto Rican community.<ref name="PatersonDemographics2017">[1] Template:Webarchive Accessed May 18, 2019.</ref> Broadway, also called Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Way, is significantly black, as are the Fourth Ward and parts of Eastside and Northside, although Paterson's African American population is declining.<ref name=PatersonDemographics2017/> Costa Ricans and other Central American immigrant communities are growing in the Riverside and Peoples Park neighborhoods. Main Street between the Clifton border and Madison Avenue is heavily Turkish and Arab. 21st Avenue in the People's Park section is characterized by Colombian and other Latin American restaurants and shops. According to a Colombian newspaper, since 2022, Paterson has become the home of almost 200 Colombian immigrants from Manatí, a small town in Colombia.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Every summer, Patersonians conduct an African American Day Parade, a Dominican Day Parade, a Puerto Rican Day Parade, a Peruvian Day Parade, and a Turkish-American Day Parade; budget cuts in 2011 have forced parade organizers to contribute to cover the costs of police and other municipal services.<ref>Schectman, Joel; and Patberg, Zach. "Ethnic parades in Paterson likely to be victims of city budget stress", The Record, June 13, 2011. Accessed September 4, 2011. "The Puerto Rican, Dominican and African-American parades, which attracted tens of thousands of people, face shutdown after Mayor Jeffery Jones demanded that organizers pay as much as $100,000 for police and clean up after the event.... Peruvians were set to celebrate their 25th annual parade in Paterson next month. The event has brought in more than 35,000 people from as far away as Florida."</ref>

Paterson is widely considered the capital of the Peruvian diaspora in the U.S.<ref>A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States Template:Webarchive, yumimmigrantcity.com. Accessed May 21, 2013. "Today, Paterson, NJ remains the effective 'capital' of the Peruvian Diaspora in the United States."</ref> Little Lima, a Peruvian enclave in Downtown Paterson, is the largest Peruvian enclave outside of South America, home to approximately 10,000 Peruvian immigrants.<ref name=PatersonPeruvian1>Cowen, Richard. "Peruvian chefs in Paterson have Eva's kitchen to thank", The Record, May 18, 2019. Accessed November 14, 2020. "Paterson has an estimated 10,000 Peruvian immigrants, according to the U.S. Census, which make it the largest Peruvian enclave in the United States."</ref><ref name="Savor City">Harrison, Karen Tina. "Savor City; Paterson, the one-time Silk City, is a Great Falls of ethnic eating.", New Jersey Monthly, July 13, 2019. Accessed November 14, 2020. "Turkish, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, and Palestinian immigrants, among others, share a grand mosque, Masjid Jalalabad, in the renovated, once-endangered 1921 Orpheum Theater. A long stretch of Main Street in the South Paterson neighborhood amounts to a Jersey souk, or market, encompassing all kinds of shops and Middle Eastern eateries."</ref> Paterson has named an area bordered by Mill, Market, Main, and Cianci streets "Peru Square".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Paterson's rapidly growing Peruvian community celebrates what is known as Señor de los Milagros ("Our Lord of Miracles" in English) on October 18 through 28th each year and every July participates in the annual Passaic County Peruvian Day Parade, which passes through Market Street and Main Street in the Little Lima neighborhood of Downtown Paterson.<ref>Staff. "Photos: Annual Peruvian Day Parade in Passaic County. The parade makes its way down Market Street in Paterson", The Record, July 27, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014.</ref> In the 2000 Census, 4.72% of residents listed themselves as being of Peruvian American ancestry, the third-highest percentage of the population of any municipality in New Jersey and the United States, behind East Newark with 10.1% and Harrison with 7.01%.<ref>Peruvian Communities Template:Webarchive, EPodunk. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref> The community includes both Quechua and Spanish speakers.<ref>Torrens, Claudia via Associated Press. "Some NY immigrants cite lack of Spanish as barrier", U-T San Diego, May 28, 2011. Accessed May 21, 2013. "Peruvians who speak Quechua live in Queens and Paterson, N.J."</ref>

Paterson is home to the third-largest Dominican-American Community in the United States, after New York City and Lawrence, Massachusetts. In the 2000 Census, 10.27% of residents listed themselves as being of Dominican American ancestry, the eighth highest percentage of the population of any municipality in the United States and the third-highest percentage in New Jersey, behind Perth Amboy's 18.81% and Union City's 11.46%.<ref>Dominican Republic Ancestry Template:Webarchive, EPodunk. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref> Paterson renamed a section of Park Avenue in Sandy Hill to Dominican Republic Way to recognize the Dominican community, which is the largest Hispanic community in the city.<ref>Rahman, Jayed. "Paterson's largest Hispanic community celebrates renaming Park Avenue to Dominican Republic Way", Paterson Times, October 8, 2016. Accessed October 23, 2018. "The long-promised renaming of Park Avenue to recognize the city's largest Hispanic community came to pass on Saturday afternoon with resounding chants of 'Viva La Republica Dominicana!' at the Juan Pablo Duarte Park."</ref>

Paterson is home to the largest Turkish-American immigrant community in the United States (known as Little Istanbul) and the second largest Arab-American community after Dearborn, Michigan.<ref name=ST2004/> Paterson has been also nicknamed Little Palestine and contains a neighborhood with the same name in South Paterson, with an Arab American population estimated as high as 20,000 in 2015,<ref>Yellin, Deena. "Palestinian flag-raising is highlight of heritage week in Paterson", The Record, May 3, 2015. Accessed May 29, 2015.</ref><ref>Adely, Hannan. "Hundreds of Palestinians rally in Paterson in protest of Israeli military campaign", The Record, July 19, 2014. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Organized by community leaders, the rally took place in the South Paterson neighborhood often called Little Ramallah for its large population of Palestinian-Americans."</ref> serving as the center of Paterson's growing Syrian American<ref name=syrianpaterson>Villeneuve, Marina; and Seasly, John. "Nearly 100 gather for Paterson candlelight vigil honoring Syrian refugees" Template:Webarchive, The Record, September 5, 2015. Accessed December 6, 2016.</ref><ref name=syrian2paterson>Adely, Hannan. "Paterson embraces Syrian refugees as neighbors" Template:Webarchive, The Record, December 1, 2015. Accessed December 6, 2016.</ref> and Palestinian American populations.<ref name=PalestinianPaterson/> The Paterson-based Arab American Civic Association was reported in 2014 to have an Arabic language program in the Paterson Public Schools that served 125 students at School 9 on Saturdays.<ref>Staff. "Paterson school district restarts Arab language program for city youths", Template:Webarchive Paterson Press, December 10, 2014. Accessed December 10, 2014. "City education officials have resumed providing a program that teaches 125 students the Arab language. The district has been offering the program, which is run by the Paterson-based Arab American Civic Association, for more than a decade."</ref> Paterson is also home to the largest Circassian immigrant community in the United States.<ref>Natho, Kadir I. Circassian History, p. 530. Xlibris Corporation, 2009. Template:ISBN.Template:Self-published source</ref>Template:Self-published inline

The Greater Paterson area, which includes the cities of Clifton and Wayne and the boroughs of Haledon, Prospect Park, North Haledon, Totowa, Woodland Park, and Little Falls, is home to the nation's largest North Caucasian population, mostly Circassians, Karachays, and small Chechen and Dagestani communities. Reflective of these communities, Paterson and Prospect Park public schools observe Muslim holidays.<ref>Yellin, Deena. "More NJ school districts recognize Muslim holidays", The Record, October 22, 2010. Accessed May 29, 2015. "Yet, many New Jersey districts have for years closed schools for Muslim holidays, including Paterson, Atlantic City, Trenton, Cliffside Park, Piscataway, Prospect Park, Plainfield and Irvington."</ref>

Paterson has incorporated a rapidly growing Bangladeshi American community, which was estimated in 2024 to number 15,000,<ref>Chowdhury, Rumki. "Paterson's large Bangladeshi community helps a new family settle in", Paterson Press, December 15, 2024. Accessed February 23, 2025. "The most recent U.S. census data shows only New York City ahead of Paterson in Bangladeshi population. Immigrants from Bangladesh started coming to Paterson in the 1980s and their numbers surged during the past two decades, reaching about 15,000."</ref><ref>Malinconico, Joe; and Kratovil, Charlie. "Paterson's Bengali Community Takes Pride in Akhtaruzzaman's Upset Victory", The Alternative Press, May 9, 2012. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Ahmed estimated that Paterson has about 15,000 Bengali residents."</ref> the largest in the United States outside New York City.<ref>"Bangladeshis in the New York Metro Area", All Peoples Initiative. Accessed October 27, 2014.</ref> Mohammed Akhtaruzzaman was ultimately certified as the winner of the 2012 city council race in the Second Ward, making him North Jersey's first Bangladeshi-American elected official.<ref>Clunn, Nick. "Officials certify election of Akhtaruzzaman to Paterson's 2nd Ward", The Record, November 27, 2012. Accessed August 5, 2014. "Election officials Tuesday certified Mohammed Akhtaruzzaman as the winner of a special City Council race, settling a prolonged political contest that ended with his reclaiming the seat he lost in a court challenge.... It was unclear when Akhtaruzzaman would take office as the representative for the 2nd Ward and reclaim his mantle as the first Bangladeshi-American elected to municipal office in North Jersey."</ref>

Economy

[edit]

Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. The city was selected in 1994 as one of a group of 10 zones added to participate in the program.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "In 1994 the legislation was amended and ten more zones were added to this successful economic development program. Of the ten new zones, six were predetermined: Paterson, Passaic, Perth Amboy, Phillipsburg, Lakewood, Asbury Park/Long Branch (joint zone). The four remaining zones were selected on a competitive basis. They are Carteret, Pleasantville, Union City and Mount Holly."</ref> In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the Template:Frac% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Program, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"</ref> Established in September 1994, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in September 2025.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zones Effective and Expiration Dates, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.</ref> The UEZ program plays a pivotal role in the city's economic revitalization.<ref>About The UEZ Program, City of Paterson. Accessed November 19, 2019. "Today, Paterson retains its proud history and is making a true 'silk to silicon' transformation. Central to this revitalization is the UEZ Program as it enables retail members to charge 3 1/2% sales tax giving them a competitive edge over other businesses."</ref>

Arts and culture

[edit]

The Paterson Literary Review has been published annually by the Poetry Center at Passaic County Community College, and edited by Maria Mazziotti Gillan, since 1979. Though it also includes prose and reviews, PLR is most well-known for its submitted poetry — having published works by notable poets such as Allen Ginsberg, Philip Levine, William Stafford, and Sonia Sanchez.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Since 2018, Paterson has hosted an annual Paterson Poetry Festival, which includes poetry performances from rising and established artists, workshops, panels, open mics, and contests like a slam face-off. From 2018 through 2022, the festival was held on the stairs of the Passaic County Court House in downtown Paterson; in 2023, the festival was held at the amphitheater in Woodland Park's Rifle Camp Park.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Paterson has a significant parks and recreation system, including larger areas such as Eastside, Westside, and Pennington Parks, as well as neighborhood parks such as Wrigley, Robert Clemente, and People's.<ref>City Parks Facilities, City of Paterson. Accessed May 3, 2012.</ref> The Great Falls of the Passaic are part of the national park system.

Template:Main The Paterson Museum, in the Great Falls Historic District, was founded in 1925 and is owned and operated by the city of Paterson. Its mission is to preserve and display the industrial history of the city. Since 1982, the museum has been housed in the Thomas Rogers Building on Market Street, the former erecting shop of Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works, a major 19th-century manufacturer of railroad steam locomotives.<ref>Paterson Museum, City of Paterson. Accessed November 14, 2011.</ref>

Template:Main Belle Vista, locally known as Lambert Castle, was built in 1892 as the home of Catholina Lambert, the self-made owner of a prominent silk mill in Paterson. After Lambert's death in 1923, his family sold the building to the city, which in turn sold it to the County of Passaic a few years later. The county used the building for administrative offices, and in 1936, provided one room to the fledgling Passaic County Historical Society to serve as its historical museum. As time went by the museum grew, room by room until the entire first floor became the historical museum.

In the late 1990s, the Castle underwent a multi-million-dollar restoration and all four floors of the building were developed into a museum and library. Today, Passaic County remains the owner of the building and supports the facilities' operation; however, the Passaic County Historical Society is solely responsible for the operation and management of Lambert Castle Museum with its historical period rooms, long-term and changing exhibition galleries, educational programs for elementary and middle-school students, and research library/archive.<ref>Lambert Castle, Passaic County Historical Society. Accessed November 14, 2011.</ref>

Above Lambert Castle stands a Template:Convert observation tower, located at the peak of Garret Mountain, which while technically standing in Woodland Park, was constructed when the property was considered part of Paterson. The tower is part of the Garret Mountain Reservation and renovations were completed in 2009 to restore the tower to the original condition as built in 1896 by Lambert, who used the tower to impress guests with its view of the New York City skyline.<ref>Cowen, Richard. "Renovation of Woodland Park's 'Lambert Castle' tower nearly complete", The Record, December 1, 2009. Accessed May 3, 2012.</ref>

Attempts were being made to fund the restoration of the Paterson Armory as a recreation and cultural center, but the building was destroyed by fire before these could bear fruit.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. "A Dream or Reality? Plans for Paterson Armory Take Shape", The Alternative Press, April 9, 2012. Accessed May 3, 2012.</ref>

Athletics

[edit]

From 1932 to 1933, Paterson constructed Hinchliffe Stadium, an Art Deco concrete stadium.<ref name=HinchliffeNTHP>Hinchliffe Stadium, National Trust for Historic Preservation.</ref> Originally called City Stadium, it was renamed in honor of Mayor John V. Hinchliffe and his uncle John Hinchliffe.<ref name=MartinMartin>Alfred M. Martin & Alfred T. Martin, The Negro Leagues in New Jersey: A History (McFarland, 2008), pp. 21-23.</ref> The New York Black Yankees of the Negro National League played at the stadium from 1933 to 1937 and from 1939 to 1945.<ref name=MartinMartin/> Professional football teams, including the Paterson Panthers, Newark Bears, and Jersey City Giants, played here.<ref name=MartinMartin/> The stadium was also a venue for other professional and high school athletic competitions, boxing matches, fireworks displays, and music concerts.<ref name=MartinMartin/><ref name=HinchliffeNTHP/> The comedy team of Bud Abbott and Lou Costello performed at Hinchliffe before boxing matches (Abbott was from the coastal New Jersey city of Asbury Park and Costello was a Paterson native).<ref name=Malinconico>Malinconico, Joe. "Paterson's Hinchliffe Stadium is a keystone in the history of Negro Leagues baseball", Paterson Press, October 3, 2018.</ref> The stadium was acquired by Paterson Public Schools since 1963 and closed in 1996.<ref name=HinchliffeNTHP/> It has fallen into disrepair, although preservation and restoration efforts have taken place.<ref name=MartinMartin/><ref name=HinchliffeNTHP/> The stadium is one of two surviving Negro league baseball stadiums, the other being Birmingham, Alabama's Rickwood Field.<ref name=MartinMartin/> Hinchliffe Stadium is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name=Malinconico/> As of 2022, the stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals minor league baseball team.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Media

[edit]

WPAT (AM) 930 has been licensed to Paterson since 1941. 93.1 FM was added in 1957.Template:Citation needed

Paterson is also the city of license for the Spanish-language Univision network's flagship station WXTV-DT, channel 41, whose studios are located on Frank W. Burr Boulevard in Teaneck, New Jersey. WXTV-DT serves the New York City area.Template:Citation needed

Government

[edit]

Local government

[edit]

The City of Paterson operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under a Plan-D Mayor-Council form of government, which was adopted in 1974 in a change from a 1907 statute-based form.<ref name=DataBook>2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 151.</ref><ref>"Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 10. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref><ref>City Council, City of Paterson. Accessed January 14, 2013. "The City of Paterson Municipal Council was created as a result of a 1974 decision to change its form of government from a 1907 statute-based form, to a Faulkner Act Plan-D Mayor-Council Form."</ref> The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form.<ref>Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref>

Under the Mayor-Council plan, the Mayor is the chief executive and is responsible for administering the City's activities. The Mayor is elected at-large for a four-year term by the citizens and is responsible for them. The mayor enforces the charter and the ordinances and laws passed by the City Council. The Mayor appoints all department heads including the business administrator, with the advice and consent of the Council and may remove any department heads after giving them notice and an opportunity to be heard. With the assistance of the business administrator, the Mayor is responsible for the preparation of the municipal budget. The Mayor submits the budget to the Council along with a detailed analysis of expenditures and revenues. The Council may reduce any item or items in the budget by a majority vote but can only increase an item by a two-thirds vote.<ref name=Council/><ref name=DataBook/><ref>Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask", New Jersey State League of Municipalities, March 2007. Accessed January 1, 2025.</ref>

The City Council is comprised of nine members. Of these, six are elected through the use of the ward system, where candidates run to represent a certain area of the city. The other three seats are elected using the at-large system, where each candidate is voted upon by the entire voting population of the city. Municipal elections are held in even-numbered years, are non-partisan, and take place on the second Tuesday in May. The six members of the City Council representing their wards are elected in the same years as presidential elections, while the mayoral election and the at-large Council elections are held in the same years as the mid-term Congressional elections.<ref name=Council/><ref name=DataBook/>

Template:As of, the Mayor of Paterson is Andre Sayegh, whose term of office ends June 30, 2026. The previous mayor was Jane Williams-Warren, who was serving on an interim basis following the resignation of José "Joey" Torres.<ref name=Mayor>Mayor, City of Paterson. Accessed July 11, 2022.</ref> Torres was in his third non-consecutive term as Mayor of Paterson, having first been elected by defeating incumbent Martin G. Barnes in 2002 and then winning re-election in 2006 against Lawrence Spagnola. After losing his bid for a third consecutive term by a margin of 600 votes to City Council President Jeffery Jones in 2010, Torres defeated Jones in a rematch four years later.<ref>Staff. "Joey Torres regains mayor's seat in Paterson", The Star-Ledger, May 14, 2014. Accessed March 21, 2016. "After a four-year absence, Jose "Joey" Torres will again be the mayor of New Jersey's third-largest city.... Jones beat Torres by less than 600 votes to become mayor in 2010."</ref> Torres pleaded guilty to corruption charges in September 2017 that required him to leave office and to serve a prison term of five years. According to city law, the President of the City Council is the next in line to succeed a Mayor who is removed from office for any reason and serves as Acting Mayor until the next election, unless the Council appoints someone else to fill the post within 30 days of the creation of the vacancy. City Council President Ruby Cotton immediately became Mayor upon Torres' resignation <ref>Malinconcino, Joe; Oglesby, Amanda. "Paterson Mayor Joey Torres pleads guilty to corruption charges", Asbury Park Press, September 24, 2017. Accessed September 24, 2017. "Paterson Mayor Joey Torres, a former Jackson business administrator, pleaded guilty to corruption charges Friday afternoon, despite saying for months after his indictment that he would be vindicated in the courts. The proposed agreement will require Torres, 58, to step down from the mayor's job and serve prison time up to five years in prison.... Torres will be replaced as mayor on an interim basis by City Council President Ruby Cotton. She will remain in the top job until Paterson's mayoral election in May 2018, unless her colleagues pick someone else to fill the job during the next 30 days."</ref> and served until September 29, when the council voted 5–4 to appoint Williams-Warren, a former city clerk, as interim mayor until the May 2018 municipal election.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. "Paterson Council picks Williams-Warren, not Ruby Cotton, to be interim mayor until May election", Paterson Press, September 30, 2017. Accessed September 30, 2017. "Retired municipal clerk Jane Williams-Warren will become Paterson's next mayor on Oct. 10, under decision reached by the City Council late Friday. Williams-Warren will fill the seat that Jose 'Joey' Torres was forced to give up as a result of his conviction on Sept. 22 of corruption charges. The council picked Williams-Warren to serve as interim mayor despite a standing-room-only crowd that jammed City Hall to urge the governing body to keep Councilwoman Ruby Cotton as Paterson's acting mayor."</ref>

Members of the City Council are Council President Shahin Khalique (Second Ward; 2024), Council Vice President Alex Mendez (Third Ward; 2024), Alaa "Al" Abdelaziz (Sixth Ward; 2024), Ruby N. Cotton (Fourth Ward; 2024), Maritza Davila (at-large; 2026), Michael Jackson (First Ward; 2024), Lilisa Mimms (at-large; 2026), MD Forid Uddin (at-large; 2026) and Luis Velez (Fifth Ward; 2024).<ref name=Council>City Council | Council Members | City Ordinances, City of Paterson. Accessed January 21, 2024. "The City of Paterson Municipal Council was created as a result of a 1974 decision to change its form of government from a 1907 statute-based form, to a Faulkner Act Plan-D Mayor-Council Form.... The Mayor-Council plan consisted of a Mayor and Nine (9) Council members, Six (6) of the members that sit on the Municipal Council represent the Six Wards of the City. The three (3) remaining members are members At-Large. The Municipal Council has the responsibility of reviewing and approving Municipal legislation. Under the Mayor-Council plan, the Mayor is the chief executive and is responsible for administering the City's activities. The Mayor is elected for a four (4) year term by the citizens and is responsible for them."</ref><ref>2021 Municipal Data Sheet, City of Paterson. Accessed July 11, 2022.</ref><ref name=PassaicDirectory>Passaic County 2021 Directory, Passaic County, New Jersey, updated as of April 2021. Accessed July 1, 2022.</ref><ref name=Passaic2022Municipal>2022 Paterson Municipal Election May 10, 2022 Official Results, Passaic County, New Jersey, updated May 18, 2022. Accessed July 11, 2022.</ref><ref name=Passaic2020Municipal>May 12, 2020 Summary Report Passaic County Official results, Passaic County, New Jersey, updated May 20, 2020. Accessed July 11, 2022.</ref>

In July 2018, Alaa "Al" Abdelaziz was selected to fill the Sixth Ward seat expiring in June 2020 that had been held by Andre Sayegh until he stepped down to take office as mayor.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. "Al Abdelaziz becomes Paterson's new 6th Ward councilman", Paterson Press, July 11, 2018. Accessed March 16, 2020. "In a unanimous vote, the City Council picked the co-chairman of the Paterson Democratic Party on Tuesday night to be the new council member for the 6th Ward. Al Abdelaziz will serve in the position, which became vacant when Andre Sayegh took office as mayor."</ref> In the November 2018 general election, Abdelaziz was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.<ref name=Passaic2018>2018 General Election November 6, 2018 Summary Report Passaic County Official Results Template:Webarchive, Passaic County, New Jersey, updated November 30, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.</ref>

In 2018, the city had an average property tax bill of $8,087, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $10,005 in Passaic County and $8,767 statewide.<ref>2018 Property Tax Information, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated January 16, 2019. Accessed November 7, 2019.</ref><ref>Marcus, Samantha. "These are the towns with the lowest property taxes in each of N.J.'s 21 counties", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, April 30, 2019. Accessed November 7, 2019. "New Jersey's average property tax bill may have hit $8,767 last year — a new record — but taxpayers in some parts of the state pay just a fraction of that.... The average property tax bill in Paterson was $8,087 in 2018, the lowest in Passaic County."</ref>

The 2020 election for Paterson's Third Ward city council was invalidated after allegations of voter fraud vote-by-mail. More than 24% of ballots failed to meet the standard for mail-in ballots.<ref>Judge invalidates Paterson, NJ, city council election after allegations of mail-in voter fraud</ref>

In March 2025, Mayor Andre Sayegh declared Paterson "the capital of Palestine in the United States."<ref>NJ Mayor: Paterson Is the Capital of Palestine in the United States of America, VIN News, March 9, 2025</ref>

Federal, state and county representation

[edit]

Paterson is located in the 9th Congressional District<ref name=PCR2012>Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 35th state legislative district.<ref name=Districts2011>Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref><ref name=LWV2019>2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.</ref><ref>Districts by Number for 2011–2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref> Prior to the 2010 Census, Paterson had been part of the Template:Ushr, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.<ref name=LWV2011>2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Template:Webarchive, p. 62, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.</ref>

Template:NJ Congress 09 Template:NJ Senate

Template:NJ Legislative 35

Template:NJ Passaic County Commissioners

Politics

[edit]

In the 2020 presidential election, Democrat Joe Biden won 38,453 votes (80.3%) to Republican Donald Trump’s 9,053 (18.9%) among 47,876 votes cast (representing a turnout of 55.7% among 85,932 registered voters).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Four years earlier, Democrat Hillary Clinton won 40,697 votes (89.8%) to Trump’s 3,999 (8.8%) among 45,336 votes cast (representing a turnout of 55.8% among 81,282 registered voters).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Presidential elections results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2024<ref name="2024Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|34.2% 13,819 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|62.0% 25,054 3.8% 1,500
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2020<ref name="2020Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|18.9% 9,053 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|80.3% 38,453 0.8% 270
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2016<ref name="2016Elections">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|8.8% 3,999 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|89.8% 40,697 1.4% 611
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2012<ref name="2012Election">Template:Cite web</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|6.1% 2,696 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|93.6% 41,662 0.3% 152
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2008<ref name="state.nj.us">2008 Presidential General Election Results: Passaic County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed January 11, 2025.</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|9.7% 4,098 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|90.0% 38,085 0.3% 150
style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|2004<ref name="Presidential Election 2004">2004 Presidential Election: Passaic County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed January 11, 2025.</ref> style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Republican|17.1% 5,959 style="text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Democratic|82.8% 28,896 0.1% 151

Emergency services

[edit]

The City of Paterson is served by the Paterson Police Department.<ref>Paterson Police Department, City of Paterson. Accessed November 14, 2011.</ref>

The Paterson Fire Department, headed by Chief Brian McDermott, operates out of seven fire stations with a total of 400 employees and is also responsible for the city's emergency medical services division and ambulance units.<ref>About Template:Webarchive, Paterson Fire Department. Accessed May 3, 2012.</ref> The department is part of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which consists of nine North Jersey fire departments and other emergency services divisions working to address major emergency rescue situations.<ref>Steadman, Andrew. "Bayonne firefighters participate in mock disaster drills in Newark", The Jersey Journal, May 1, 2012. Accessed June 6, 2016. "According to the press release, the Metro USAR Strike Team is made up of nine fire departments from Bayonne, Elizabeth, Hackensack, Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, Paterson, Morristown as well as the five-municipality North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue Agency."</ref>

In addition to local services, Paterson is home to the Passaic County Sheriff's Office Courts Division in the Passaic County Courthouse and Correctional Division in the Passaic County Jail. The jail, originally constructed in 1957, can accommodate 1,242 inmate beds.<ref>Passaic County Jail, Passaic County Sheriff's Office. Accessed December 10, 2014. "Originally constructed in 1957, the Passaic County Jail was built to accommodate 227 beds. Over the years, the jail has undergone many changes. The facility now consists of 4 floors and has a 1242 inmate bed capacity."</ref>

In April 2011, Paterson laid off 125 police officers, nearly 25% of the total force in the city, due to severe budget constraints caused by a $70 million deficit.<ref>Patberg, Zach. "Paterson layoff of 125 police officers draws protests", The Record, April 18, 2011. Accessed September 4, 2011.</ref> At the same time, the Guardian Angels, a New York City–based volunteer citizen safety patrol organization, began operating in Paterson at the invitation of the Mayor.<ref>Lynn, Kathleen. "Guardian Angels begin Paterson patrols", The Record, April 17, 2011. Accessed September 4, 2011. "Responding to the layoffs of 125 Paterson police officers, the New York City-based Guardian Angels began patrols in the city Sunday. The Guardian Angels arrived in Paterson on Sunday to begin patrolling the city. The 18 Angels, in signature red jackets and berets, were greeted in front of City Hall by Mayor Jeffery Jones, who had invited the volunteer safety patrol organization in February as the city's budget problems deepened."</ref>

St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center is a large institution providing comprehensive emergency services as well as non-emergency medical care to Paterson and the surrounding community.<ref>Home page Template:Webarchive, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center. Accessed September 4, 2011.</ref>

State takeover of police department

[edit]

The New Jersey Attorney General took over control of the Paterson Police Department on March 27, 2023, after the fatal police shooting of Najee Seabrooks.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Attorney General Matthew Platkin criticized the "revolving door" of police leadership in Paterson, which has resulted in dysfunction within police ranks and a lack of trust in local law enforcement.<ref name="Greene">Template:Cite web</ref> Platkin's comments alluded to the challenges created by frequent turnover at the top of the police department and the negative impact it has had on community relations.<ref name="Greene"/> Mayor Sayegh has fired two police chiefs: Troy Oswald in 2020<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Mike Baycora in 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Transportation

[edit]
File:2021-06-16 16 31 46 View west along Interstate 80 (Bergen-Passaic Expressway) from the overpass for Passaic County Route 649 (Madison Avenue) in Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey.jpg
Interstate 80 westbound in Paterson

Roads and highways

[edit]

Template:As of, the city had a total of Template:Convert of roadways, of which Template:Convert were maintained by the municipality, Template:Convert by Passaic County and Template:Convert by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.<ref>Passaic County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 24, 2014.</ref>

By road, Paterson is served directly by Interstate 80, as well as State Routes 4, 19, and 20. The Garden State Parkway, U.S. Route 46, State Routes 3, 17, 21, and 208 are also nearby and serve as feeder roads to the community.

Paterson also served as the terminus for numerous major secondary roads in northern New Jersey. Paterson Plank Road linked the city to Jersey City and eventually, the Hudson River waterfront in Hoboken, while the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike connected the city with Sussex County along what is now parts of State Route 23.

Public transportation

[edit]

The city is served by the NJ Transit Main Line commuter rail service to Hoboken, with the station located in Downtown Paterson. Plans are being developed for a new commuter rail service on the existing NYS&W line, which is currently single-tracked. The Passaic-Bergen Rail Line plans to have five stops in Paterson.<ref>"Passaic-Bergen Rail Plan Advances: NJT Board Amends Contract To Cover Final Design Expenses" Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit press release dated April 18, 2007. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref>

Bus service to locations in Passaic, Bergen, Essex and Hudson counties is provided by NJ Transit, making the city a regional transit hub. The Broadway Bus Terminal, also in downtown, is the terminus for many NJ Transit bus lines.<ref>Bus Terminals Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed August 25, 2015.</ref>

Service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan is offered on the 151, 161 and the 190, by the 171 to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Washington Heights, Manhattan, on the 72 to Newark, with local service provided on the 74, 702, 703, 704, 707, 712, 722, 744, 746, 748, and 770 routes.<ref>Passaic County Bus/Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed July 19, 2011.</ref><ref>Passaic County System Map Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed August 15, 2015.</ref> Many buses stop at or near City Hall, going to various points in the area, including New York and the neighboring communities.

Private, independent jitney buses (guaguas or dollar vans) connect Paterson with neighboring communities along Route 4 and provide transportation to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Manhattan. These buses run at high frequency but do not have formal, published schedules.<ref>Jitney Transportation Along New Jersey's Route 4 Corridor, Columbia University Urban Transportation Policy, November 30, 2006. Accessed August 7, 2013.</ref><ref>Paterson – Port Authority, Jitney Buses of New Jersey. Accessed November 19, 2016.</ref><ref>Paterson – George Washington Bridge, Jitney Buses of New Jersey. Accessed November 19, 2016.</ref>

Education

[edit]

The Paterson Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.<ref>Paterson Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification Template:Webarchive, Paterson Public Schools. Accessed March 28, 2022. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades pre-kindergarten through twelve in the Paterson School District. Composition: The Paterson School District comprises all the area within the municipal boundaries of the City of Paterson."</ref> The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke<ref>What We Do: History, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'."</ref> which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.<ref>What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.</ref><ref>SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.</ref>

As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 51 schools, had an enrollment of 27,601 students and 2,053.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.4:1.<ref name=NCES>District information for Paterson Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.</ref> District enrollment in Paterson surged at the start of the 2015–16 school year, creating a public school enrollment of 700 students higher than expected and putting the school district in a situation of needing to hire teachers rapidly not long after the district had laid off 300 positions.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. "Months after layoffs, unexpected enrollment puts Paterson school district in hiring scramble", The Record, September 17, 2015. Accessed September 17, 2015. "Just months after imposing more than 300 layoffs, the city school district is scrambling to hire dozens of extra teachers to handle an unexpected enrollment increase of about 700 students.... But far more immigrants have moved into Paterson than were expected, the superintendent said."</ref>

In 2011, all of Paterson's high schools were changed to theme schools, as part of a goal to give students a better choice in areas they wanted to pursue.<ref>Brody, Leslie. "Paterson to split JFK high school into four academies", The Record, March 7, 2011. Accessed November 14, 2011. "Paterson school officials will split the troubled John F. Kennedy High School into four smaller academies so that starting next fall, all public high school students in the city will be enrolled in a 'choice' magnet school."</ref> Among the 594 students who took the SAT in 2013, the mean combined score was 1120 and there were 19 students (3.2% of those taking the exam) who achieved the combined score of 1550 that the College Board considers an indicator of college readiness, a decline from the 26 students (4.3%) who achieved the standard the previous year.<ref>Malinconico, Joe. "Latest SAT results: Number of Paterson 'college-ready' students drops to 19", Paterson Press, October 14, 2014. Accessed December 11, 2014. "A report released by the school district last week showed 19 of the 594 Paterson students who took the SATs this year had scores that met the "college-ready" criteria established by the College Board, which conducts the standardized tests."</ref>

Paterson Charter School for Science and Technology is a charter school serving students in kindergarten through twelfth grade.<ref>Admissions FAQ Template:Webarchive, Paterson Charter School for Science and Technology. Accessed November 3, 2014.</ref> Other charter schools include Community Charter School of Paterson (K–8), John P. Holland Charter School (K–8) and Paterson Arts and Science Charter School (K–7).<ref>Charter Schools Directory Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed August 25, 2015.</ref>

In 2021, Governor Murphy announced the approval of a new charter school, Brilla NJ, to be opened in 2023. It was the first approved charter in his first term as governor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The city is host to the state's annual robotics competition held at Passaic County Community College. The North Jersey Robotics Competition was created to place high educational merit on the students of Paterson. The competition draws schools from around New Jersey. Three events make up the meet which takes place on two different days. The competition's tenth-anniversary event in 2011 was won by Paterson's Panther Academy.Template:Citation needed

Blessed Sacrament School and St. Gerard Majella School are elementary schools that operate under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson.<ref>Passaic County Schools, Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson Catholic Schools Office. Accessed August 15, 2015.</ref> In the face of declining enrollment and financial difficulties, Paterson Catholic High School, the city's last remaining Catholic high school, was closed by the Diocese of Paterson.<ref>Naanes, Marlene. "Paterson Catholic to close by end of school year" Template:Webarchive, The Record, April 21, 2010. Accessed June 21, 2011. "Paterson Catholic Regional High School, which has prided itself for four decades on serving some of the area's poorest and immigrant families, will close its doors the diocese said Wednesday, citing enormous debt, plummeting donations and a bad economy."</ref>

Paterson hosts the main campus of Passaic County Community College, established in the 1970s, which serves 13,000 students at its main campus and at satellite programs in Passaic, Wanaque and at the Public Safety Academy.<ref>About PCCC, Passaic County Community College. Accessed May 21, 2013.</ref>

Sister cities

[edit]

Sister cities of Paterson include:

Friendship

[edit]
File:Montescaglioso Street.jpg
Montescaglioso Street in Paterson

There is a pact of friendship with the town of Montescaglioso (Matera, Basilicata, Italy), as testified by mutual naming of two streets in their city centers. Paterson was a place of Italian emigration from the late nineteenth century to the 1970s and today houses a large community of citizens of Montescaglioso who emigrated in those years.<ref name=ItaliansLOC>Twenty-First Avenue: Place of Conjunction (Template:Webarchive), Library of Congress. "Italians from that town found their way to Paterson and settled in the 21st Avenue area earlier in this century. This population increased over the years, at least in part because of the Italian practice of chain migration. The Paterson Montese community was fed by renewed immigration after World War II, from about the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, when immigration from Italy to the United States slowed considerably as a result of vastly improved economic conditions in Italy."</ref>

The San Rocco Society was founded in Paterson, an association whose main purpose is to maintain sales relationships with the Italy, and in some ways the traditions.<ref>Rassegna delle Associazioni Lucane nel Mondo</ref>

[edit]

Literature

[edit]
  • Paterson is the subject of William Carlos Williams' five-book epic poem Paterson, a cornerstone work of modern American poetry.<ref name="Reuters" />
  • Paterson is also mentioned in the twelfth line of Part 1 of Allen Ginsberg's poem Howl. In the novel On the Road by Ginsberg's friend Jack Kerouac, the protagonist Sal Paradise lives with his aunt in Paterson. Kerouac may have chosen Paterson as a stand-in for his hometown of Lowell, Massachusetts, also a mill town with a waterfall.<ref>Schiller, Kristan. "Kerouac's 'On the Road' And Its Jersey Ties", The New York Times, December 4, 1994. Accessed May 21, 2013. "Kerouac was born and raised in the Merrimack River valley town of Lowell, Mass., and lived in Ozone Park, Queens, with his mother, Gabrielle Ange Levesque Kerouac, when he started writing On the Road. He imagined himself in the story as Salvatore Paradise, a young writer attempting a novel while living with an unnamed aunt in another American city – Paterson, N.J."</ref>
  • Paterson is the setting of many of Junot Díaz's short stories and novels, including the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, and John Updike's 1997 novel In the Beauty of the Lilies.<ref>Barnes, Julian. "Grand Illusion", The New York Times, January 28, 1996. Accessed May 3, 2012.</ref>
  • The Poisoned Glass (2019) by Kimberly Tilley is the true story of the murder of 17-year-old immigrant Jennie Bosschieter in October 1900. (true crime/non-fiction/American history). Jennie worked in the silk mills of Paterson. She was given absinthe spiked with a lethal amount of a date rape drug by four prominent citizens, who were later the defendants in a sensational murder trial in 1901.

Films

[edit]

Comedy

[edit]

Lou Costello often referred to his hometown of Paterson in his comedy routines with Bud Abbott. The plot of the June 28, 1945, episode of the Abbott & Costello radio show is about the City of Paterson inviting him back for "Lou Costello Day" to launch a new garbage scow.<ref>Episode: "Abbott & Costello – Return To Paterson", My Old Radio, broadcast June 28, 1945. Accessed August 16, 2012.</ref> Three Abbott and Costello films had their world premieres at the Fabian Theater in Paterson, which could accommodate a crowd of 3,000: One Night in the Tropics (1940), Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion and Jack and the Beanstalk (1952).<ref>Cichowski, John. "Costello: Playing in Jersey City", The Record, April 2, 2002. Accessed July 11, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Jack and the Beanstalk has special resonance. It is one of only three Abbott & Costello films to debut at the Silk City's Fabian Theater, a 3,000-seat movie venue that closed in the late 1980s. The other Paterson premieres were One Night in the Tropics (1940) and Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion (1950)."</ref> Costello was honored with a larger-than-life statue in Federici Park in 1992.<ref>Pollak, Michael. "Paterson Prepares to Take 'Who's on First' to Its Heart", The New York Times, June 21, 1992. Accessed July 11, 2022. "A private group of Patersonians headed by Lou Duva, the boxing promoter, and backed by contributions from all over the country, has been polishing the steel gazebo and painting the bocci courts in Federici Park, a half-acre of green in the city's oldest factory district. At noon, they will unveil a bronze statue of Costello, 6 feet tall from shoes to derby hat. (Lou, who was about 6 inches shorter, would have liked that.) He is in a business suit and is holding a bat over his shoulder, as if performing his routine."</ref>

TV

[edit]

The Great Falls were featured in the first season of the HBO crime drama The Sopranos, both in the pilot and in the episode Pax Soprana as the place where Junior Soprano's friend's grandson committed suicide after taking poor designer drugs; as a favor, Junior Soprano had Mikey Palmice and another individual toss the dealer, Rusty Irish, off the bridge over the falls.<ref>Nussbaum, Paul. "In gritty North Jersey, a national park-to-be Waterfall has a Sopranos tie.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 20, 2009. Accessed October 9, 2016. "In recent times, though, the biggest thing to hit the falls was an unlucky victim who got tossed off the footbridge in an episode of The Sopranos."</ref> Other locations throughout the city were used in the series, as much of the show was shot on location in North Jersey.

Music

[edit]

The New Jersey–based band Suit of Lights pays tribute to Paterson in their song "Goodbye Silk City". The 1983 music video "Two Tribes" by Frankie Goes to Hollywood makes reference to Paterson in its opening sequence.<ref>YouTube – Frankie Goes To Hollywood – Two Tribes (1983)</ref>Template:Citation needed

Inventions

[edit]
  • The first marketable revolver was produced in Paterson by Samuel Colt starting in 1836, and was known as the Colt Paterson.<ref>Richard C. Rattenbury, "Colt Revolvers", Handbook of Texas Online, published by the Texas State Historical Association. Accessed November 14, 2011.</ref>
  • The first steam-powered and first electric-powered model trains were both invented in Paterson. Eugene Beggs made the first steam-powered train in the city around 1871. Beggs' employee, Jehu Garlick, invented the first electric-powered model train that consisted of a tinplate toy locomotive with four aluminum wheels. A 2016 exhibit at the New Jersey State Museum titled "Toy World" highlighted the history of New Jersey's toy-making industry and prominently featured Paterson's contribution to the history of toys.<ref>Rahman, Jayed. "America’s first model trains, invented in Paterson, on display at New Jersey State Museum exhibit", Patwerson Times, October 29, 2016. Accessed December 1, 2022. "The first steam-powered and the first electric-powered model trains, both invented in Paterson, are on display in a new exhibit called 'Toy World' which highlights the history of New Jersey’s toy making industry at the New Jersey State Museum. Paterson is prominently featured in the exhibition for its contribution to New Jersey’s history of toy making."</ref>

Notable people

[edit]

Template:Category see also People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Paterson include: ( (B) denotes that the person was born in Paterson). Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

See also

[edit]

Template:Portal

References

[edit]

Template:Reflist

[edit]

Template:Commons category Template:Wikivoyage Template:EB1911 poster

Template:Paterson, New Jersey Template:Passaic County, New Jersey Template:Passaic River Template:New York metropolitan area Template:New Jersey Template:Northeast Megalopolis Template:County seats of New Jersey Template:Northeast US Template:Authority control