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North Caldwell, New Jersey

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement North Caldwell is a borough in northwestern Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and a suburb of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 6,694,<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/> an increase of 511 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count of 6,183,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=LWD2010/> which in turn reflected a decline of 1,192 (−16.2%) from the 7,375 counted in the 2000 census.<ref>Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref>

North Caldwell was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 31, 1898, from portions of Caldwell Township (now known as Fairfield Township).<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 130. Accessed May 30, 2024.</ref> The borough derives its name from Presbyterian minister James Caldwell.<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 10, 2015.</ref><ref>Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 63. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 10, 2015.</ref>

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked North Caldwell as its 10th-best place to live in its 2010 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey, and its third-best place to live in its 2013 ranking.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>"Best Places To Live - The Complete Top Towns List 1-100", New Jersey Monthly, February 21, 2010. Accessed February 21, 2010.</ref> In 2017, a Bloomberg analysis ranked North Caldwell the 34th richest town in the United States.<ref>del Giudice, Vincent; and Lu, Wei. "America's 100 Richest Places", Bloomberg News, March 22, 2017. Accessed November 5, 2019.</ref>

History

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North Caldwell was part of the Horseneck Tract, which was an area that consisted of what are now the municipalities of Caldwell, West Caldwell, North Caldwell, Fairfield, Verona, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Roseland, and portions of Livingston and West Orange. In 1702, settlers purchased the Template:Convert from the Lenape Native Americans for goods equal to $325. The explanation for the name "Horse Neck" lies in the language of its first Dutch settlers and not (as has been inaccurately reported) because of its irregular shape. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the First Mountain to the Passaic River.<ref>Hilltop Reservation, Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs. Accessed January 3, 2012.</ref>

In 1982, the borough was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change. Ultimately, more than a dozen Essex County municipalities reclassified themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.<ref>"Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification", p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.</ref><ref>"Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments", Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."</ref><ref>Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."</ref><ref>Karcher, Alan J. New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness, pp. 119-120. Rutgers University Press, 1998. Template:ISBN. Accessed September 24, 2015.</ref> Effective January 1, 1992, it again became a borough.<ref>Geographic Change Notes: New Jersey in 1990s, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 3, 2012.</ref>

The borough housed the Essex County Penitentiary, constructed in 1872 and used as the Essex County Jail Annex until 2004. It was sold to K. Hovnanian Companies in 2002, which redeveloped the site into a residential community.<ref>Khavkine, Richard. "Historians lament destruction of former penitentiary in North Caldwell", The Star-Ledger, June 12, 2011. Accessed January 3, 2012. "Designed in the prevailing Italianate Victorian style and built in 1872 of locally quarried and crafted brownstone on a hill overlooking what is now the border of North Caldwell and Verona, the jail is making room for a different demographic — a housing development."</ref>

In 1994, the "Unabomber", Theodore Kaczynski, sent a mail bomb that killed Thomas J. Mosser, an advertising executive who lived in the borough.<ref>"Unabom Case Plea To Be Made via TV", The New York Times, November 20, 1996. Accessed November 6, 2012. "Lawyers for Theodore J. Kaczynski, suspected Unabomber, agree to waive his right to appear in person in Newark court to enter plea to charges he killed Thomas J. Mosser, advertising executive who lived in North Caldwell, NJ."</ref>

Geography

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According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 3.07 square miles (7.96 km2), including 3.07 square miles (7.95 km2) of land and 0.01 square miles (0.01 km2) of water (0.16%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1 /> The highest point in Essex County is located in the Hilltop of North Caldwell at Template:Convert.<ref>Official Guide and Manual of the 250th Anniversary Celebration of the Founding of Newark, New Jersey, 1666-1916, p. 163. Accessed February 24, 2020. "At North Caldwell is the Essex County Penitentiary, near by which is the highest point in Essex county, 691 feet above tide."</ref>

The borough is bordered by the municipalities of Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield Township, Verona and West Caldwell in Essex County; and Little Falls and Wayne in Passaic County.<ref>Areas touching North Caldwell, MapIt. Accessed March 1, 2020.</ref><ref>Municipalities, Essex County, New Jersey Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed February 27, 2020.</ref><ref>New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

Demographics

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Template:US Census population

2010 census

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The 2010 United States census counted 6,183 people, 2,092 households, and 1,820 families in the borough. The population density was 2,053.2 per square mile (792.7/km2). There were 2,134 housing units at an average density of 708.6 per square mile (273.6/km2). The racial makeup was 91.69% (5,669) White, 0.73% (45) Black or African American, 0.03% (2) Native American, 5.73% (354) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.49% (30) from other races, and 1.34% (83) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.21% (260) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/>

Of the 2,092 households, 41.3% had children under the age of 18; 78.1% were married couples living together; 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 13.0% were non-families. Of all households, 10.7% were made up of individuals and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.19.<ref name=Census2010/>

27.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 33.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 99.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 97.0 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $151,953 (with a margin of error of +/− $28,824) and the median family income was $178,750 (+/− $38,265). Males had a median income of $140,729 (+/− $14,382) versus $74,750 (+/− $15,480) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $71,798 (+/− $8,574). About none of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.<ref>DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for North Caldwell borough, Essex County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 3, 2012.</ref>

2000 census

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As of the 2000 United States census<ref name="GR2" /> there were 7,375 people, 2,070 households, and 1,834 families residing in the borough. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 2,108 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the borough was 79.63% White, 14.51% African American, 0.03% Native American, 4.71% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.16% of the population.<ref name=Census2000>Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for North Caldwell borough Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 3, 2012.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for North Caldwell borough, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 5, 2012.</ref>

There were 2,070 households, out of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.5% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.4% were non-families. 9.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.23.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the borough the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.2 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

The median income for a household in the borough was $117,395, and the median income for a family was $125,465. Males had a median income of $87,902 versus $47,904 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $48,249. About 0.8% of families and 1.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

Government

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Local government

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North Caldwell is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.<ref>Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.<ref name=DataBook>2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125.</ref>

The borough form of government used by North Caldwell is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.<ref>Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask" Template:Webarchive, New Jersey State League of Municipalities. Accessed November 30, 2014.</ref><ref>"Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 6. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref>

Template:As of, the mayor of North Caldwell is Democrat Joshua H. Raymond, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Anthony Floria-Callori (D, 2026), Matthew J. Atlas (D, 2026), Arthur J. Rees (D, 2025), Johanna Stroever (D, 2027), Kenneth Tilton (R, 2027) and Stephen C. Weinstein (D, 2025).<ref name=MayorCouncil>Mayor & Council, Borough of North Caldwell. Accessed January 19, 2025.</ref><ref>2024 Municipal Data Sheet, Borough of North Caldwell. Accessed January 19, 2025.</ref><ref name=EssexDirectory>County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 19, 2025.</ref><ref name=Essex2024>General Election November 5, 2024 Official Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 18, 2024. Accessed January 1, 2025.</ref><ref name=Essex2023>General Election November 7, 2023 Official Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 27, 2023. Accessed January 1, 2024.</ref><ref name=Essex2022>November 8, 2022, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 22, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.</ref>

In January 2023, the borough council appointed Kenneth Tilton to fill vacant seat expiring in December 2023 that had been held by Francis Astorino.<ref>Ceva, Claudia. "Tilton to fill vacancy on North Caldwell council", The Progress, January 17, 2023. Accessed January 19, 2025.</ref>

In October 2014, the borough council appointed Robert Kessler to fill the vacant seat of Patricia Fost.<ref>Bitette, Nicole. "Board of Education president replaces North Caldwell councilwoman; Bob Kessler succeeds exiting councilwoman Patricia Fost", The Progress News, October 31, 2014. Accessed December 23, 2014. "The Borough Council appointed North Caldwell Board of Education President Bob Kessler to fill the seat of Councilwoman Patricia Fost at its meeting on Tuesday, Oct. 28."</ref>

Federal, state and county representation

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North Caldwell is located in the 11th Congressional District<ref name=PCR2012>Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 40th state legislative district.<ref>Districts by Number for 2023-2031, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed September 18, 2023.</ref>

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Politics

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As of March 2011, there were a total of 4,712 registered voters in North Caldwell, of which 1,123 (23.8%) were registered as Democrats, 1,591 (33.8%) were registered as Republicans and 1,994 (42.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 4 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.<ref>Voter Registration Summary - Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 6, 2012.</ref> Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow |}

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 61.1% of the vote (2,043 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 37.5% (1,253 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (45 votes), among the 3,361 ballots cast by the borough's 4,856 registered voters (20 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 69.2%.<ref name=2012Elections>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=2012VoterReg>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 56.8% of the vote (2,047 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 41.5% (1,495 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (25 votes), among the 3,603 ballots cast by the borough's 4,704 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.6%.<ref>2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 6, 2012.</ref> In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 58.9% of the vote (2,137 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 40.4% (1,465 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (15 votes), among the 3,628 ballots cast by the borough's 4,502 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 80.6.<ref>2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 6, 2012.</ref>

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 72.9% of the vote (1,446 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 26.1% (517 votes), and other candidates with 1.0% (20 votes), among the 2,012 ballots cast by the borough's 4,920 registered voters (29 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 40.9%.<ref name=2013Elections>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=2013VoterReg>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 60.6% of the vote (1,495 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 32.0% (789 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.4% (157 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (8 votes), among the 2,469 ballots cast by the borough's 4,695 registered voters, yielding a 52.6% turnout.<ref>2009 Governor: Essex County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 6, 2012.</ref>

Education

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The North Caldwell Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade.<ref>North Caldwell Board of Education Bylaw 0110 - Identification, North Caldwell Public Schools, adopted November 3, 2009. Accessed December 29, 2024. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through six in the North Caldwell School District. Composition: The North Caldwell School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of North Caldwell."</ref> As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 691 students and 70.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.8:1.<ref name=NCES>District information for North Caldwell School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 15, 2024.</ref> Schools in the district (with 2023–24 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics<ref>School Data for the North Caldwell Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 15, 2024.</ref>) are Grandview School<ref>Grandview School, North Caldwell Public Schools. Accessed December 29, 2024.</ref> with 395 students in grades PreK–3 and Gould School<ref>Gould School, North Caldwell Public Schools. Accessed December 29, 2024.</ref> with 283 students in grades 4–6.<ref>School Performance Reports for the North Caldwell Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 3, 2024.</ref><ref>New Jersey School Directory for the North Caldwell Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref> Gould / Mountain School was one of nine schools in New Jersey honored in 2020 by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program, which recognizes high student achievement.<ref>2020 National Blue Ribbon Schools All Public and Non-Public Schools, National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Accessed September 27, 2020.</ref><ref>Clark, Adam. "9 N.J. schools just won a huge national honor", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 24, 2020. Accessed September 27, 2020. "Nine New Jersey public schools have been awarded the national Blue Ribbon designation, one of the highest honors in education. The schools were recognized Thursday by the U.S. Department of Education for high student achievement."</ref>

North Caldwell is home to the West Essex Regional School District, which also serves public school students from Fairfield, Essex Fells and Roseland in seventh through twelfth grades.<ref>West Essex Regional School District Bylaw 0110 - Identification, West Essex Regional School District, adopted February 9, 2009. Accessed December 29, 2024. "Purpose The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades seven through twelve in the West Essex Regional School District. Composition: The West Essex Regional School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell and Roseland."</ref><ref>West Essex Regional School District 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed June 4, 2016. "The West Essex Regional School District is a comprehensive high school serving the communities of Essex Fells, Fairfield, North Caldwell, and Roseland in northern New Jersey."</ref><ref>School History, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed December 29, 2024.</ref> Schools in the district (with 2023–24 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics<ref>School Data for the West Essex Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 15, 2024.</ref>) are West Essex Middle School<ref>West Essex Middle School, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed December 29, 2024.</ref> with 622 students in grades 7-8 and West Essex High School<ref>West Essex High School, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed December 29, 2024.</ref> with 1,055 students in grades 9-12.<ref>School Performance Reports for the West Essex Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 3, 2024.</ref><ref>New Jersey School Directory for the West Essex Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref> Seats on the nine-member board of education of the high school district are allocated based on population, with three seats assigned to North Caldwell.<ref>Board of Education, West Essex Regional School District. Accessed December 29, 2024.</ref>

Transportation

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File:2018-07-18 11 14 30 View south along Essex County Route 527 (Mountain Avenue) just north of Pine Place in North Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey.jpg
County Route 527 in North Caldwell

Roads and highways

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Template:As of, the borough had a total of Template:Convert of roadways, of which Template:Convert were maintained by the municipality and Template:Convert by Essex County.<ref>Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.</ref>

The main roads serving North Caldwell include County Route 527<ref>County Route 527 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated June 2012. Accessed February 17, 2023.</ref> and County Route 506.<ref>Essex County Highway Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed February 17, 2023.</ref>

Public transportation

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NJ Transit provides bus service to Newark on the 29 route.<ref>Essex County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed December 2, 2014.</ref><ref>Essex County System Map, NJ Transit. Accessed November 2, 2019.</ref>

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Notable people

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Template:Category see also People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with North Caldwell include:

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References

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