1570

File:Regent Moray window, St. Giles.jpg

January 11: The Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, is fatally wounded by a gunshot fired from a window as he is riding through Lithlingow (depiction at stained-glass window at St. Giles Church in Edinburgh) <ref>attribution:Kim Traynor</ref>

File:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, by Abraham Ortelius, World, 1572.jpg

Abraham Ortelius publishes the first modern atlas.

1570 (MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday in the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 23 – The assassination of Scottish regent James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, by James Hamilton, the first known shooting of a national leader, throws Scotland into civil war. Having loaded a carbine rifle and carried it into the Linlithgow home of his uncle, the Archbishop of St Andrews, Hamilton stands at an upstairs window overlooking the street where Moray will ride by on horseback as part of cavalcade. Once Moray comes into range, Hamilton fires and fatally wounds the regent for King James VI.<ref>"Stewart, James, first earl of Moray (1531/2–1570)", by Mark Loughlin, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) accessed January 24, 2011</ref>
• February 8 – An estimated 8.3 magnitude earthquake occurs in Concepción, Chile.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• February 5 – Venus occults Jupiter; this will next happen in 1818.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 28 – The ambassador of the Ottoman Sultan Selim II goes before the governing Council of the Venetian Republic and requests that Venice surrender the island of Cyprus.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Council rejects the demand and prepares to go to war with the Ottoman Empire.

April–June

• April 7 – In Scotland, Colin Campbell of Glenorchy receives permission from the Regent, the Earl of Morton, to execute the chief of Clan Gregor, his son-in-law Gregor Roy MacGregor,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and carries out MacGregor's beheading at Balloch in front of the Earl of Atholl.
• April 27 – Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England, and all persons who show allegiance to her, with the bull Regnans in Excelsis.<ref>Sidney Z. Ehler, Church and State Through the Centuries, (Biblo-Moser, 1988) p.180</ref>
• May 20 – Abraham Ortelius publishes the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, in Antwerp.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 24 – Battle of Manila: The Spanish, led by Martín de Goiti, defeat the forces of Raja Sulayman.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 10 – The Kingdom of Livonia is established.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

July–September

• July 3 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus begins as more than 350 Ottoman ships and over 60,000 troops land near Larnaca and then march toward the Cypriot capital, Nicosia.<ref name=Turnbull>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 14 – Pope Pius V issues Quo primum, promulgating the 1570 edition of the Roman Missal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 22
  • Thomson Snell & Passmore is founded, the oldest law firm in operation.
  • The siege of Nicosia by the Ottoman Empire begins in Cyprus and lasts for seven weeks.<ref name=Turnbull/>
• July 30 – (28th day of 6th month of Genki 1 Battle of Anegawa: The allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the combined forces of the Azai and Asakura clans.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 8 – The Peace of Saint-Germain ends the Third War of Religion in France. Again, the Huguenots are promised religious freedom and political autonomy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 16 – The Treaty of Speyer is signed between John Sigismund Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania and Maximilian II, King of Hungary.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• September 9 – Nicosia falls to the Turks under the command of General Lala Mustafa Pasha. After the Ottomans breach the walls, the Venetian defenders are massacred and the women and boys are sold into slavery.<ref name=Turnbull/>
• September 10 – A party of ten Spanish Jesuit missionaries land on the Virginia Peninsula of North America to establish the Ajacán Mission, which will be massacred in February 1571.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 25 (26th day of 8th month of Genki 1 – The 10-year-long Ishiyama Hongan-ji War begins in Japan as Oda Nobunaga stages simultaneous attacks on two fortresses (Ishiyama Hongan-ji and Nagashima) of the Ikkō-ikki faction near Osaka.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

October–December

• October 3 – Princess Anna of Austria arrives in Spain to become the Queen Consort of Spain as the bride of her uncle King Philip of Spain,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> whom she had married by proxy on May 4.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Having traveled through the Netherlands, she asks King Philip to spare the life of the rebel Floris of Montmorency, but the King arranges the strangulation of Floris on October 14.
• November 17 – A major earthquake strikes the Italian city of Ferrara at 3:00 in the morning local time, destroying 40 percent of the buildings in the city, but causing only 171 deaths.<ref>"Terremoto di Ferrara del 1570" from the CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500) Guidoboni E., Ferrari G., Mariotti D., Comastri A., Tarabusi G., Sgattoni G., Valensise G. (2018) (in Italian)</ref> After the initial shocks, a sequence of aftershocks continue for four years, with over 2,000 in the period from November 1570 to February 1571.<ref name=Guidoboni>Template:Cite web</ref>
• December 13 – The Treaty of Stettin ends the Northern Seven Years' War.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Date unknown

• Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo (in the service of Miguel López de Legazpi) begins the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Construction of the original Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción, the oldest church in Venezuela, begins.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The Whitechapel Bell Foundry is known to be in existence in London.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By 2017, when it closes its premises in Whitechapel, it will be the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.
• Andrea Palladio publishes I quattro libri dell'architettura in Venice.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Volcanic eruption in the Santorini caldera begins.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Andean population of the Viceroyalty of Peru reaches 1.3 million.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Births

File:Guy Fawkes by Cruikshank.jpg

Guy Fawkes

File:Lipperhey portrait.jpg

Hans Lippershey

• January 1 – Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Spouse of Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. 1649)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 19 – Wolfgang Hirschbach, German legal scholar (d. 1620)
• March 25 – Henry Lennard, 12th Baron Dacre, English baron and politician (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 13 – Guy Fawkes, English conspirator (d. 1606)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 8 – Tamás Esterházy, Hungarian writer (d. 1616)
• May 22 – Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German duke (d. 1605)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 7 – Sultan Murad Mirza, Mughal prince (d. 1599)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• June 13 – Paul Peuerl, German organist (d. 1625)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 10 – Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1587–1590) (d. 1590)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 19 – Salamone Rossi, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1630)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• August 21 – Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg, co-ruler of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (1603–1606) (d. 1606)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 22 – Franz von Dietrichstein, German Catholic bishop (d. 1636)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 31 – Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg, German noble (d. 1597)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 3 – George Coke, British bishop (d. 1646)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• October 4 – Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (d. 1637)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 7 – Volkert Overlander, Dutch mayor (d. 1630)
• November 1 – Phineas Pett, English shipwright and member of the Pett Dynasty (d. 1647)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 15 – Francesco Curradi, Italian painter (d. 1661)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 20 – Giovanni Battista Agucchi, Italian churchman, papal diplomat, and writer on art theory (d. 1632)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• November 26 – Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø (1622–1633) (d. 1633)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 28 – James Whitelocke, English judge (d. 1632)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 7 – Richard Cecil, English politician (d. 1633)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• December 29 – Wilhelm Lamormaini, Luxembourgian theologian (d. 1648)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• date unknown
  • Diego Aduarte, Prior of Manila (d. 1637)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Robert Aytoun, Scottish poet (d. 1638)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Ebba Bielke, Swedish baroness and conspirator (d. 1618)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • John Cooper, English composer and lutenist (d. 1626)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Simon Grahame, Scottish-born adventurer (d. 1614)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyō (d. 1612)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Hans Lippershey, Dutch lensmaker (d. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Asprilio Pacelli, Italian Baroque composer (d. 1623)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (d. 1655)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Claudia Sessa, Italian composer (d. 1617/19)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Katharina Henot, German General Postmaster and alleged witch (d. 1627)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Urszula Meyerin, politically influential Polish courtier (d. 1635)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Christina Rauscher, German official and critic of witchcraft persecutions (d. 1618)
  • John Dackombe, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (d. 1618)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Deaths

File:Ritratto di Ippolita Gonzaga.PNG

Ippolita Gonzaga

File:Nobrega2.jpg

Manuel da Nobrega

File:Fryderyk III legnicki.jpg

Duke Frederick III of Legnica

• January 8 – Philibert de l'Orme, French architect (b. 1510)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February – Henry Balnaves, Scottish politician and religious reformer (b. 1512)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• January 23 – James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland (assassinated) (b. c.1531)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
• February 13 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino, politically active Italian duchess (b. 1493)
• February 20 – Johannes Scheubel, German mathematician (b. 1494)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 1 – Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (b. 1540)
• March 16 – Ippolita Gonzaga, Italian nun (b. 1503)
• April 13 – Daniele Barbaro, Italian architect (b. 1514)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 3 – Aonio Paleario, Italian humanist and reformer (executed) (b. c. 1500)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• July 25 – Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi, Russian diplomat<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 4 – Marie Catherine Gondi, French court official (b. c. 1500)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 11 – Johannes Brenz, German theologian and Protestant Reformer (b. 1499)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 1 – Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 18 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese Jesuit missionary in Brazil (b. 1517)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 20
  • João de Barros, Portuguese historian (b. 1496)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Francesco Laparelli, Italian architect (b. 1521)
• November – Jacques Grévin, French dramatist (b. 1539)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 21 – Ruxandra Lăpușneanu, Moldavian regent (b. 1538)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 27 – Jacopo Sansovino, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1486)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 15 – Frederick III of Legnica, Duke of Legnica (b. 1520)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• date unknown
  • François Bonivard, Swiss patriot and historian (b. 1496)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Francesco Primaticcio, Italian painter, architect, and sculptor (b. 1504)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Tomás de Santa María, Spanish music theorist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Agostino Gallo, Italian agronomist (b. 1499)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>