Foreign relations of Romania
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy datesTemplate:Use British English
Template:Politics of Romania The foreign relations of Romania is the policy arm of the government of Romania which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens, and foreign organizations, as well as its status as a member of the European Union (EU), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and other key international organizations. Since the end of the Cold War and the 1989 Romanian Revolution, Romania has pursued a foreign policy centered on Euro-Atlantic integration, joining NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Prioritizing multilateralism, collective security, and democratic values, Romania maintains active diplomatic relations with neighboring states, including Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, and Bulgaria, while fostering regional cooperation through initiatives such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and the Three Seas Initiative.
Romania is classified by scholars and international relations experts as a middle power,<ref name = "HCSSABalancingAct">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name = "StuckInMiddleGear">Template:Cite book</ref> a designation reflecting its moderate but influential role in international relations<ref name = "WSITIS">Template:Cite book</ref> and regional relations. Analysts highlight Romania's strategic geographic position,<ref name="Wood">Bernard Wood, 'Towards North-South Middle Power Coalitions', in Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension, edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).</ref> growing economic capacity, and active participation in multilateral institutions as key factors underpinning this status.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name = "TurkishPolicyQuarterly">Template:Cite book</ref>
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Relations by continent
[edit]Multilateral
[edit]| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | See 2007 enlargement of the European Union
Romania joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 2007. | |
| Template:Flag | See Romania in NATO
Romania joined NATO as a full member on 29 March 2004. |
Europe (Inside the European Union)
[edit]Romania joined the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007.
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1878-09-23 | See Austria–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1879-07-28 | See Bulgaria–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1941-05-13 | See Croatia–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1917-04-26 | See Denmark–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1920-06-28 | See Finland–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1880-02-20 | See France–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1880-02-20 | See Germany–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1880-01-08 | See Greece–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1920-08-21 | See Hungary–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1990-04-18 | See Ireland–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1879-12-06 | See Italy–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1924-08-21 | See Lithuania–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1880-01-24 | See Netherlands–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1919-02-22 | See Poland–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1917-08-31 | See Portugal–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1993-01-01 | See Romania–Slovakia relations
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| Template:Flag | 1992-08-28 | See Romania–Slovenia relations
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| Template:Flag<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | 1881-07-05 | See Romania–Spain relations
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| Template:Flag | 1916-03-18 | See Romania–Sweden relations
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Europe (Outside of the European Union)
[edit]| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1913-12-28 | See Albania–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1991-12-17 | See Armenia–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1992-02-14 | See Belarus–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1996-03-01 | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1921-02-18 | See Georgia–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1920-06-12 | See Holy See–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | See Moldova–Romania relations | |
| Template:Flag | 2006-08-09 | See Montenegro–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1917-05-03 | See Norway–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1878-10-12 | See Romania–Russia relations |
| Template:Flag | 1841-04-19<ref>[Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.</ref> | See Romania–Serbia relations
Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Serbia were de facto the first states to recognize each other's diplomatic networks – already by the end of 1830s, as both monarchies strived for formal independence from the Ottoman Empire.<ref>Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.</ref><ref>G.G. Florescu, "Agențiile diplomatice de la București și Belgrad (1863–1866)", în Romanoslavica XI/1965, pp. 126–131.</ref> Following their recognition as independent states, on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became a legation, having Lascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister.<ref>A.A. Căpușan, Diplomați români de elită, vol. II, ediția a II-a, București, 2009, p. 13.</ref> |
| Template:Flag<ref>Sovereign Military Order of Malta has no sovereign territory. It is listed in Europe: Mediterranean microstates due to its extraterritorial headquarters in Rome, Italy and few properties in Italy with extraterritoriality status.</ref> | 1992 | See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta |
| Template:Flag | 1911-05-09 | See Romania–Switzerland relations<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 1879-10-22 | See Romania–Turkey relations<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 1918-02-09 | See Romania–Ukraine relations |
| Template:Flag | 1880-02-20 | See Romania–United Kingdom relations
Romania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 February 1880.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. |
Asia
[edit]| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1958-06-05 | See Foreign relations of Afghanistan
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| Template:Flag | 1992-06-19 | See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1949-10-05 | See China–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1902-07-24 | See Iran–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1958-08-14 | See Iraq–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1948-06-11 | See Israel–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1948-10-26 | See North Korea–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1965-01-06 | See Lebanon–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1969-03-22 | See Malaysia–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1988-11-17 | See Romania–Palestine relations |
| Template:Flag | 1964-10-15 | See Pakistan–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1972-03-10 | See Philippines–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1995-03-13 | See Romania–Saudi Arabia relations |
| Template:Flag | 1967-05-30<ref name=rom2002 /> | See Foreign relations of Singapore
In February 2002 the Romanian president Ion Iliescu made an official visit to Singapore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced.<ref name=rom2002>Template:Cite news</ref> The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>)
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| Template:Flag | 30 March 1990<ref name="mofa.go.kr">Template:Cite web</ref> | See Romania–South Korea relations
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| Template:Flag | 1957-09-15 | See Romania–Sri Lanka relations |
| Template:Flag | 1955-08-09 | See Romania–Syria relations |
| Template:Flag | 1973-06-01 | See Foreign relations of Thailand
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| Template:Flag | 1995-10-06 | See Romania–Uzbekistan relations |
Africa: Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1962-02-20 | See Morocco–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1963-12-16 | See Romania–Tunisia relations |
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1969-07-15 | See Chad–Romania relations |
Africa: East African Community (EAC)
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1968-06-22 | See Foreign relations of Kenya
Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974.
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North America and the Caribbean
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1919-08-19 | See Canada–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1935-07-20 | See Mexico–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1880-06-14<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | See Romania–United States relations
Although diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1880, the United States recognized Romania's independence on October 14, 1878. The relations were severed between 1941 and 1946 and remained strained until the 1960s. The bilateral relations began improving after the fall of communism in Romania.
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South and Central America
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1931-04-24 | See Argentina–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1928-01-07 | See Brazil–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | 1925-02-05 | See Chile–Romania relations |
| Template:Flag | 1939-10-10 | Template:Main |
| Template:Flag | 1925-07-24 | See Romania–Uruguay relations
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Oceania
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 1968-03-18 | See Australia–Romania relations
Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
|
International organisations
[edit]Romania is a member of the following international organisations:
- Council of Europe
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
- NATO
- United Nations
- International Maritime Organization
- Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
- Black Sea Trade and Development Bank
- Union for the Mediterranean
- Antarctic Treaty System (without consulting status)
- Asia–Europe Meeting
- European Patent Organisation
- Interpol
- European Space Agency
See also
[edit]- List of diplomatic missions in Romania
- List of diplomatic missions of Romania
- List of Romanian diplomats
- Romania's foreign policy in the years preceding the outbreak of the World War I
References
[edit]Template:Romania topics Template:Foreign relations of Romania Template:Foreign relations of Europe