Geography of Papua New Guinea
Template:Short description Template:Country geography The geography of Papua New Guinea describes the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, the islands of New Ireland, New Britain and Bougainville, and smaller nearby islands. Together these make up the nation of Papua New Guinea in tropical Oceania, located in the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.
Papua New Guinea is largely mountainous, and much of it is covered with tropical rainforest. The New Guinea Highlands (or Central Range) run the length of New Guinea, and the highest areas receive snowfall—a rarity in the tropics. Within Papua New Guinea Mount Wilhelm is the highest peak, at Template:Convert. There are several major rivers, notably the Sepik River, which is Template:Convert long, which winds through lowland swamp plains to the north coast, and the Fly River at Template:Convert in length, which flows through one of the largest swamplands in the world to the south coast. The Highlands consist of a number of smaller ranges running west to east, such as the Finisterre Range which dominates the Huon Peninsula to the north of the city of Lae. At Template:Convert it is the world's third largest island country.<ref name="world-atlas"/>
Papua New Guinea has one land border—that which divides the island of New Guinea. Across the 820 km (509 mi) border is the Indonesian provinces of Papua, Highland Papua and South Papua. Papua New Guinea's border with Indonesia is not straight; the border loops slightly to the west along the Fly River in the south-central part of New Guinea, on the western edge of Papua New Guinea's Western Province. There are maritime borders with Australia to the south and Solomon Islands to the southeast.
Physical geography
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Papua New Guinea has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert is water. This makes it the 3rd largest island country in the world.<ref name="world-atlas">Template:Cite web</ref> Its coastline is Template:Convert long.Template:Citation needed
The northernmost point is Mussau Island (1°23' S), southernmost point is Sudest Island (11°65' S), easternmost point is Olava, Bougainville (155°57' E) and the westernmost point is either Bovakaka along the Fly River border with Indonesia or Mabudawan (140°54' E).
Papua New Guinea has several volcanoes, as it is situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Volcanic eruptions are not rare, and the area is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because of this. The volcanic disturbance can often cause severe earthquakes, which in turn can also cause tsunamis. Papua New Guinea is also prone to landslides, often caused by deforestation in major forests. The mountainous regions of Papua New Guinea are the areas most susceptible to landslides causing damage.
Offshore islands include the small, forested Admiralty Islands, the largest of which is Manus, to the north of the main island of New Guinea. These have a distinct plant and animal life from the main island but the natural forest has been cleared in places for logging and agriculture.<ref>Template:WWF ecoregion</ref>
A 2019 global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were Template:Convert of tidal flats in Papua New Guinea, making it the 25th ranked country in terms of tidal flat area.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Rivers
[edit]Climate
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Tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation. In lower altitudes, the temperature is around 80 °F (27 °C) year round. But higher altitudes are a constant 70 °F (21 °C),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the highest altitudes, especially of Mount Wilhelm and Mount Giluwe, can see snow.<ref>https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/132966/1/BG_04.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF</ref>
Climate change is expected to alter the temperature and precipitation of the country, with implications for wildlife, ecosystems and agriculture.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Climate data
[edit]Human geography
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Maritime claims: These are measured from claimed archipelagic baselines.
- Continental shelf:
- Template:Convert depth or to the depth of exploitation
- Exclusive economic zone:
- Template:Convert. Template:Convert nautical miles
- Territorial sea:
- 12 nautical miles (22 km)
Land use
[edit]Natural resources: gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Land use:
- arable land: 0.49%
- permanent crops: 1.4%
- other (forests, swamplands, etc.): 98.11% (2005 estimate)
Environmental issues
[edit]Template:Main The rainforest is subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; forest clearance, especially in coastal areas, for plantations; pollution from mining projects. If the trend continues, more than half the forest that existed when Papua New Guinea became independent from Australia in 1975 will be gone by 2021.<ref>University of Papua New Guinea The State of the Forests in Papua New Guinea Template:Webarchive</ref>Template:Needs update
Environment - international agreements
[edit]signed, but not ratified
[edit]- Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
signed and ratified
[edit]- Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Extreme points
[edit]Extreme points
[edit]- Northernmost point – Suf Island
- Northernmost point (mainland) – Sandaun Province
- Southernmost point – Vanatinai
- Southernmost point (mainland) – Near Suau, Samarai-Murua District
- Westernmost point – Border with Indonesia, Western Province
- Easternmost point – Nukumanu Islands, North Solomons
- Easternmost point (mainland) – Milne Bay
- Highest point – Mount Wilhelm: Template:Convert
- Lowest point – Pacific Ocean: 0 m (0 ft)
See also
[edit]- List of rivers of Papua New Guinea
- List of volcanoes in Papua New Guinea
- List of highest mountains of New Guinea
- List of protected areas of Papua New Guinea
- Ecoregions of New Guinea
- Australia-New Guinea (continent)
References
[edit]Template:Papua New Guinea topics Template:Geography of Oceania Template:Coord