Ælla of Deira

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Ælla or Ælle is the first known king of the Anglian kingdom of Deira, which he ruled from around 560 until his death in 588.

Biography

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Ælla became king in 560.<ref name="ASC560">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a. 560</ref> Anachronistically, the name of his kingdom is given as Northumbria, but the region was actually split between Deira and Bernicia at the time. Ælla's kingdom is identified by Bede as Deira - the use of Northumbria could be based on a tradition whereby the most powerful Anglian king in the region would claim that title.<ref name="V">Venning</ref> Ælla was almost certainly a pagan - when Pope Gregory the Great encountered two pale-skinned English boys (Deirans) at a slave market in Rome he is said to have remarked that they were "not Angles, but angels, if they were Christian". (Non Angli, sed angeli, si forent Christiani.)<ref name="language">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. Template:ISBN / Template:ISBN [1]</ref>Template:Rp and upon learning that the king of Deira was Ælla he said "Alleluia should be sung in that land".<ref name="C">Cramp</ref><ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref>

There is some confusion regarding the time and manner of Ælla's death. The Chronicle reports that he "passed away" in 588, although a later source expands and says that he was killed by Æthelfrith, son of Æthelric, the former king of Bernicia.<ref name="V"/> This account is contradicted by Bede, who says that Ælla was still king in 597 when Augustine of Canterbury came to Britain. In either case, after Ælla's death his family were forced to flee as the rulers of Bernicia seized control of the kingdom.<ref name="C"/>

Family

The Chronicle gives Ælla's father as Yffe, and gives a genealogy going back to Woden.<ref name="CH33">Cannon and Hargreaves, p. 33; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a. 560</ref> Two children of Ælla are identifiable from historical records - Edwin and Acha. Edwin went into exile upon his father's death but eventually became king of both Deira and Bernicia. Acha similarly went into exile, and she eventually married Æthelfrith of Bernicia.<ref name="C"/> Ælla had at least one brother, Ælfric, and his successor as king, Æthelric, is variously identified as another brother or a son.<ref name="VV">Kirby, p. 57; Venning</ref>