Steve McQueen

Terrence Stephen McQueen (March 24, 1930Template:Spaced ndashNovember 7, 1980) was an American actor. His antihero persona, emphasized during the height of 1960s counterculture, made him a top box office draw for his films of the late 1950s to the mid-1970s. He was nicknamed the "King of Cool" and used the alias "Harvey Mushman" when participating in motor races.

McQueen received an Academy Award nomination for his role in The Sand Pebbles (1966). His other popular films include The Cincinnati Kid (1965), Nevada Smith (1966), The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), Bullitt (1968), The Getaway (1972) and Papillon (1973), in addition to ensemble films such as The Magnificent Seven (1960), The Great Escape (1963), and The Towering Inferno (1974). He became the world's highest-paid movie star in 1974; however, following this, he did not appear in a film for another four years. Although he was combative with directors and producers, his popularity placed him in high demand and enabled him to negotiate the largest salaries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Diagnosed with terminal cancer, McQueen flew to Mexico in October 1980 for surgery to remove or reduce tumors in his neck and abdomen, against the advice of American doctors who warned him that his cancer was inoperable and that his heart could not withstand the surgery. A few weeks later, he died at age 50 of a heart attack following the surgery at a hospital in Ciudad Juárez, where he checked in under a fake name and was operated on by hospital staff who were unaware of his true identity.

Early life

Terrence Stephen McQueen<ref name="Aaker 2017" />Template:Rp<ref name="Laurie 2019" />Template:Rp was born at St. Francis Hospital in Beech Grove, Indiana, on March 24, 1930,<ref name="CineArtistes">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Terrill 1993" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the son of Julia Ann (or Julianne) Crawford<ref name="CineArtistes" /><ref name="untold">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp and flying circus stunt pilot William McQueen.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> He was of Scottish descent and grew up in a Catholic household.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was raised by his mother, who was abandoned by his father six months after they met.<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp Several biographers have stated that his mother was an alcoholic.<ref name="untold" />Template:Rp<ref name="Eliot">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Nolan 1984" />Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Unable to cope with caring for him, she decided in 1933 to leave him with her parents Lillian and Victor in Slater, Missouri. As the Great Depression worsened, McQueen and his grandparents moved in with Lillian's brother Claude and his family at their farm in Slater.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> McQueen later said that he had good memories of living on the farm, noting that his great-uncle Claude was a "very good, very strong, [and] very fair" man from whom he "learned a lot".<ref name="Terrill 1993" />

Claude gave McQueen a red tricycle on his fourth birthday, which McQueen subsequently credited with sparking his early interest in car racing.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> His mother, who had since married, brought McQueen from the farm to live with her and his stepfather in Indianapolis when he was eight years old. He later recalled, "The day I left the farm, Uncle Claude gave me a personal going-away present—a gold pocket watch, with an inscription inside the case." The inscription read: "To Steve, who has been a son to me."<ref name="Nolan 1984" /> Dyslexic and partially deaf due to a childhood ear infection,<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> McQueen did not adjust well to school or his new life, and his stepfather beat him to such an extent that he left home to live on the streets at the age of nine.<ref name="Eliot" /> He later said, "When a kid doesn't have any love when he's small, he begins to wonder if he's good enough. My mother didn't love me, and I didn't have a father. I thought, 'Well, I must not be very good.Template:'"<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp

Julia wrote to Claude when McQueen was 12, asking that he be returned to her again to live in Los Angeles, where she now lived with her second husband. By McQueen's own account, he and his new stepfather "locked horns immediately".<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> McQueen recalls him being "a prime son of a bitch" who was not averse to beating both McQueen and Julia.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> McQueen began to rebel again and was sent back to live with Claude for a final time.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> At age 14, he left Claude's farm without saying goodbye and joined a circus for a short time.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> He drifted back to his mother and stepfather in Los Angeles, resuming his life as a gang member and petty criminal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was caught stealing hubcaps by the police and handed over to his stepfather, who beat him severely and threw him down a flight of stairs. McQueen looked up at his stepfather and said, "You lay your stinking hands on me again and I swear I'll kill you."<ref name="Terrill 1993" />

After this incident, McQueen's stepfather persuaded his mother to sign a court order stating that McQueen was incorrigible, remanding him to the California Junior Boys Republic in Chino Hills.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> McQueen began to change and mature there, but was not popular with the other boys at first: "Say the boys had a chance once a month to load into a bus and go into town to see a movie. And they lost out because one guy in the bungalow didn't get his work done right. Well, you can pretty well guess they're gonna have something to say about that. I paid my dues with the other fellows quite a few times. I got my lumps, no doubt about it. The other guys in the bungalow had ways of paying you back for interfering with their well-being."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

McQueen gradually became a role model and was elected to the Boys Council, a group who set the rules and regulations governing the boys' lives.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> He left the Boys Republic at age 16. When he later became famous as an actor, he regularly returned to talk to resident boys and retained a lifelong association with the center.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> At age 16, he returned to live with his mother, who had since moved to New York City's Greenwich Village. He met two sailors from the Merchant Marine there and decided to sign on to a ship bound for the Dominican Republic.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> Once there, he abandoned his new post and was eventually employed at a brothel.<ref name="Eliot" /> He later ventured to Texas and drifted from job to job, including selling pens at a traveling carnival and working as a lumberjack in Canada. Upon his arrest for vagrancy in the Deep South, he served a 30-day assignment on a chain gang.<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp

In 1947, after receiving permission from his mother since he was not yet 18 years old, McQueen enlisted in the Marines and was sent to Parris Island for boot camp.<ref name="Laurie 2019" />Template:Rp<ref name="Fried 2006" /><ref name="Zimmerman 2017" /> He was promoted to private first class and assigned to an armored unit.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> He initially struggled with conforming to the discipline of the service and was demoted to private seven times. He took an unauthorized absence, failing to return after a weekend pass expired, and was caught by the shore patrol while staying with his girlfriend Barbara Ross for two weeks. After resisting arrest, he was sentenced to 41 days in the brig.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> After this, he resolved to focus his energies on self-improvement and embraced the Marines' discipline. He saved the lives of five other Marines during an Arctic exercise, pulling them from a tank before it broke through ice into the sea.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was assigned to the honor guard responsible for guarding USS Williamsburg, the presidential yacht of Harry S. Truman.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> He served until 1950, when he was honorably discharged.<ref name="Laurie 2019" />Template:Rp<ref name="Fried 2006" /><ref name="Zimmerman 2017" /> He later said he had enjoyed his time in the Marines,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> remembering it as a formative time in his life: "The Marines made a man out of me. I learned how to get along with others, and I had a platform to jump off of."<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp

Acting

1950s

In 1952, with financial assistance under the G.I. Bill, McQueen began studying acting in New York at Sanford Meisner's Neighborhood Playhouse and at HB Studio<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> under Uta Hagen.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> He reportedly delivered his first dialogue on a theater stage in a 1952 play produced by Yiddish theater star Molly Picon. McQueen's character spoke one brief line: "Alts iz farloyrn." ("All is lost.")<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> During this time, he also studied acting with Stella Adler, in whose class he met Gia Scala.<ref name="GS1">Template:Cite book</ref>

Long enamored of cars and motorcycles, McQueen began to earn money by competing in weekend motorcycle races at Long Island City Raceway.Template:Where He purchased the first two of many motorcycles, a Harley-Davidson and a Triumph.<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp He soon became an excellent racer, winning about $100 each weekend (Template:Inflation).<ref name="Terrill 1993" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He appeared as a musical judge in an episode of ABC's Jukebox Jury, which aired in the 1953–1954 season.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

McQueen had minor roles in stage productions, including Peg o' My Heart, The Member of the Wedding and Two Fingers of Pride. He made his Broadway debut in 1955 in the play A Hatful of Rain starring Ben Gazzara.<ref name="Terrill 1993" />

In late 1955, McQueen left New York and headed for Los Angeles. He moved into a house on Vestal Avenue in the Echo Park area, and sought acting jobs in Hollywood.<ref name="oll">Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Steve McQueen - The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery (1959) - 2.jpg

McQueen in The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery (1959)

When McQueen appeared in a two-part Westinghouse Studio One television presentation entitled "The Defender", Hollywood manager Hilly Elkins took note of him<ref name="neile">Template:Cite book</ref> and decided that B movies would be a good place for the young actor to make his mark. McQueen's first film role under Elkins' management was a bit part in Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), directed by Robert Wise and starring Paul Newman. McQueen was subsequently hired for the films The Blob (his first leading role), Never Love a Stranger, and The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery (1959).

McQueen's first breakout role came on television. He appeared on Dale Robertson's NBC Western series Tales of Wells Fargo as Bill Longley. Elkins, then McQueen's manager, successfully lobbied Vincent M. Fennelly, producer of the Western series Trackdown, to have McQueen read for the part of bounty hunter Josh Randall. He first appeared in Season 1, Episode 21, of Trackdown in 1958. He appeared as Randall in that episode, cast opposite series lead Robert Culp, a former New York motorcycle racing buddy. McQueen appeared again on Trackdown in Episode 31 of the first season, in which he played twin brothers, one of whom was an outlaw sought by Culp's character, Hoby Gilman.

File:Steve McQueen Virginia Gregg Wanted Dead or Alive 1959.JPG

Virginia Gregg with McQueen in Wanted: Dead or Alive, 1959

McQueen next filmed a pilot episode for what became the series, Wanted Dead or Alive, which aired on CBS in September 1958. It became his breakout role.

In interviews associated with the DVD release of Wanted: Dead or Alive, Robert Culp of Trackdown claimed credit for bringing McQueen to Hollywood and landing him the part of Randall. He said he taught McQueen the "art of the fast-draw". Culp said that by the second day of filming, McQueen beat him at it.

McQueen became a household name as a result of the series.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> Randall's special holster held a sawed-off .44–40 Winchester rifle (nicknamed the "Mare's Leg") instead of the sixgun carried by the typical Western character, although the cartridges in the gunbelt were dummy .45-70, chosen because they "looked tougher".

As noted in the three-part DVD special feature on the background of the series, the generally negative image of the bounty hunter added to the antihero image infused with mystery and detachment that made this show stand out from the typical TV Western. The 94 episodes that ran from 1958 until early 1961 kept McQueen steadily employed, and he became a fixture at the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, where much of the outdoor action for Wanted: Dead or Alive was shot.

At age 29, McQueen got a significant break when Frank Sinatra removed Sammy Davis Jr. from the film Never So Few after Davis supposedly made some mildly negative remarks about Sinatra in a radio interview, and Davis's role went to McQueen. Sinatra saw something special in McQueen and ensured that the young actor got plenty of closeups in a role that earned McQueen favorable reviews. McQueen's character, Bill Ringa, was never more comfortable than when driving at high speed—in this case in a Jeep—or handling a switchblade or a tommy gun.

1960s

File:The Magnificent Seven cast publicity photo.jpg

Yul Brynner, McQueen, Horst Buchholz, Charles Bronson, Robert Vaughn, Brad Dexter, and James Coburn in The Magnificent Seven, 1960

After Never So Few, the film's director John Sturges cast McQueen in his next movie, promising to "give him the camera". The Magnificent Seven (1960), in which he played Vin Tanner and starred with Yul Brynner, Eli Wallach, Robert Vaughn, Charles Bronson, Horst Buchholz and James Coburn, became McQueen's first major hit and led to his withdrawal from Wanted: Dead or Alive. McQueen's focused portrayal of the taciturn second lead catapulted his career. His added touches in many of the shots (such as twirling a shotgun around before loading it, repeatedly checking his gun while in the background of a shot, and wiping his hat rim) annoyed top-billed Brynner, who protested that McQueen was stealing scenes.<ref name="Terrill 1993" /> (In his autobiography,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Eli Wallach reports struggling to conceal his amusement while watching the filming of the funeral procession scene in which Brynner's and McQueen's characters first meet. Brynner was furious at McQueen's shotgun round-twirl, which effectively diverted the viewer's attention to McQueen. Brynner refused to draw his gun in the same scene with McQueen, knowing that his character would probably be outdrawn.<ref name="Terrill 1993" />)

McQueen played the top-billed lead role in the next big Sturges film, 1963's The Great Escape, Hollywood's fictional depiction of the true story of a historic mass escape from a World War II POW camp, Stalag Luft III. Insurance concerns prevented McQueen from performing the film's notable motorcycle leap, which was done by his friend and fellow cycle enthusiast Bud Ekins, who resembled McQueen from a distance.<ref>Rubin, Steve. – Documentary: Return to 'The Great Escape. – MGM Home Entertainment. – 1993.</ref> When Johnny Carson later tried to congratulate McQueen for the jump during a broadcast of The Tonight Show, McQueen said, "It wasn't me. That was Bud Ekins." This film established McQueen's box-office clout and secured his status as a superstar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Also in 1963, McQueen starred in Love with the Proper Stranger with Natalie Wood. He later appeared as the titular Nevada Smith, a character from Harold Robbins' novel The Carpetbaggers, portrayed by Alan Ladd two years earlier in a movie version of that novel. Nevada Smith was an enormously successful Western action adventure prequel that also featured Karl Malden and Suzanne Pleshette. After starring in 1965's The Cincinnati Kid as a poker player, McQueen earned his only Academy Award nomination in 1966 for his role as an engine room sailor in The Sand Pebbles, in which he starred opposite Richard Crenna and Candice Bergen and Richard Attenborough, with whom he had previously worked in The Great Escape.<ref name="Nolan 1984" />

He followed his Oscar nomination with 1968's Bullitt – one of his best-known films, and his personal favorite – which co-starred Jacqueline Bisset, Robert Vaughn and Don Gordon. It featured an unprecedented (and endlessly imitated) car chase through San Francisco. Although McQueen did the driving that appeared in closeups, his was about 10% of what is seen in the film's car chase. The rest of the driving by McQueen's character was done by stunt drivers Bud Ekins and Loren Janes.<ref name="Myers 2011" /> McQueen's character drove a 1968 Ford Mustang GT 390, while the antagonist's black Dodge Charger was driven by veteran stunt driver Bill Hickman. McQueen, his stunt drivers and Hickman spent several days before the scene was shot practicing high-speed, close-quarters driving.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> Bullitt went so far over budget that Warner Bros. canceled the contract on the rest of his films, seven in all.

When Bullitt became a huge box-office success, Warner Bros. tried to woo him back, but he refused, and his next film was made with an independent studio and released by United Artists. For the film, McQueen went for a change of image, playing a debonair role as a wealthy executive in The Thomas Crown Affair with Faye Dunaway in 1968. The following year, he made the Southern period piece, The Reivers.

1970s

In 1971, McQueen starred in the auto-racing drama Le Mans, which received mixed reviews, followed by Junior Bonner in 1972, a story about an aging rodeo rider. He collaborated once again with director Sam Peckinpah in The Getaway, where he met his future wife Ali MacGraw. McQueen then took on a physically demanding role as a prisoner on Devil's Island in the 1973 film Papillon, alongside Dustin Hoffman as his character's tragic companion.

By the time of The Getaway, McQueen was the world's highest-paid actor.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1974, with Paul Newman, McQueen co-led John Guillermin's disaster film, The Towering Inferno. McQueen played a fire chief assigned to stop a fire in a skyscraper. He was originally asked to play the architect who is the other hero of the story, but he requested to play the fire chief, thinking the part was "showier". The role of the architect went to Newman, a part that had more lines, hence McQueen requested more dialogue to even it out. McQueen was paid $1,000,000 plus a percentage of the gross, and he insisted on doing his own stunts. The film was a success, and its North American gross was $55,000,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After this, McQueen disappeared from the public eye to focus on motorcycle racing, traveling around the country in a motor home and on his vintage Indian motorcycles. He did not return to acting until 1978 with An Enemy of the People, playing against type as a bearded, bespectacled 19th-century doctor in this adaptation of the Henrik Ibsen play. The film was never properly released theatrically, but it has appeared occasionally on PBS.

McQueen's final two films, both released in 1980, were loosely based on true stories: Tom Horn, a Western adventure about a former Army scout turned professional gunman who works for big cattle ranchers hunting down rustlers, and later hanged for murder in the shooting death of a sheepherder; and The Hunter, an urban action movie about a modern-day bounty hunter.

Missed roles

McQueen was offered the lead male role in Breakfast at Tiffany's, but was unable to accept due to his Wanted: Dead or Alive contract (the role went to George Peppard).<ref name="Terrill 1993" /><ref name="JonesM-MS-1994-03-19">Jones Meg. – "McQueen Biography Is Portrait of a Rebel". – Milwaukee Sentinel. – March 19, 1994.</ref> He turned down parts in Ocean's 11,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (his attorneys and agents could not agree with Paul Newman's attorneys and agents on top billing),<ref name="Terrill 1993" /><ref name="JonesM-MS-1994-03-19" /> The Driver,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>French, Philip. – Review: "DVD club: No 44 The Driver". – The Observer – November 5, 2006.</ref> Apocalypse Now,<ref name="Nolan 1984" />Template:Rp California Split,<ref>Shields, Mel. – "Elliott Gould has had quite a career to joke about". – The Sacramento Bee. – October 27, 2002.</ref> Dirty Harry, A Bridge Too Far, The French Connection (he did not want to do another cop film),<ref name="Terrill 1993" /><ref name="JonesM-MS-1994-03-19" /> Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Sorcerer.

According to director John Frankenheimer and actor James Garner in bonus interviews for the DVD of the film Grand Prix, McQueen was Frankenheimer's first choice for the lead role of American Formula One race car driver Pete Aron. Frankenheimer was unable to meet with McQueen to offer him the role, so he sent Edward Lewis, his business partner and the producer of Grand Prix. McQueen and Lewis instantly clashed, the meeting was a disaster, and the role went to Garner.Template:Citation needed

Later, in an interview, Garner said:

Director Steven Spielberg said McQueen was his first choice for the character of Roy Neary in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. According to Spielberg in a documentary on the film's DVD release, Spielberg met him at a bar, where McQueen drank beer after beer. Before leaving, McQueen told Spielberg that he could not accept the role because he was unable to cry on cue.<ref>, Clarke, Roger. – "The Independent: Close Encounters of the Third Kind 9 pm Film4". – The Independent. – April 21, 2007.</ref><ref>Tucker, Reed, Isaac Guzman, and John Anderson. – "Cinema Paradiso: The True Story of an Incredible Year in Film". – New York Post. – August 5, 2007.</ref> Spielberg offered to take the crying scene out of the story, but McQueen demurred, saying that it was the best scene in the script. The role eventually went to Richard Dreyfuss.

William Friedkin wanted to cast McQueen as the lead in the action thriller film Sorcerer (1977). Sorcerer was to be filmed primarily on location in the Dominican Republic, but McQueen did not want to be separated from Ali MacGraw for the duration of the shoot. McQueen then asked Friedkin to let MacGraw act as a producer, so she could be present during principal photography. Friedkin would not agree to this condition, and cast Roy Scheider instead of McQueen. Friedkin later remarked that not casting McQueen hurt the film's performance at the box-office.

Spy novelist Jeremy Duns revealed that McQueen was considered for the lead role in a film adaptation of The Diamond Smugglers, written by James Bond creator Ian Fleming. McQueen would play John Blaize, a secret agent gone undercover to infiltrate a diamond-smuggling ring in South Africa. There were complications with the project, which was eventually shelved, although a 1964 screenplay does exist.<ref>"From Johannesburg With Love", in The Sunday Times, March 7, 2010.</ref>

McQueen and Barbra Streisand were tentatively cast in The Gauntlet (1977), but the pair could not get along and both withdrew from the project<ref name="Eliot" />—though according to one biographer, they had briefly dated in 1971.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The lead roles were filled by Clint Eastwood and Sondra Locke.

McQueen expressed interest in the Rambo character in First Blood when David Morrell's novel appeared in 1972, but the producers rejected him because of his age.<ref>Toppman, Lawrence. – "Will He or Won't He?". – The Charlotte Observer. – May 22, 1988.</ref><ref>Morrell, David, Jay MacDonald. – "Writers find fame with franchises". The News-Press. – March 2, 2003.</ref>

He was offered the title role in The Bodyguard (to star Diana Ross) when it was proposed in 1976, but the film did not reach production until years after McQueen's death; the film eventually starred Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston in 1992.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Quigley Down Under was in development as early as 1974, with McQueen in consideration for the lead, but by the time production began in 1980, McQueen was ill. The project was scrapped until a decade later, when Tom Selleck starred.<ref>Persico Newhouse, Joyce J. – "'Perfect Hero' Selleck Takes Aim at Action". – Times Union. – October 18, 1990.</ref>

Stunts, motor racing and flying

File:Steve McQueen 1960.JPG

McQueen with two forms of transportation – his horse, Doc, and his Jaguar XKSS (1960)

McQueen was an avid motorcycle and race car enthusiast. When he had the opportunity to drive in a movie, he performed many of his own stunts, including some of the car chases in Bullitt and the motorcycle chase in The Great Escape.<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp Although the jump over the fence in The Great Escape was done by Bud Ekins for insurance purposes, McQueen did have considerable screen time riding his 650 cc Triumph TR6 Trophy motorcycle. It was difficult to find riders as skilled as McQueen.<ref>According to the commentary track on The Great Escape DVD.</ref> At one point, using editing, McQueen is seen in a German uniform chasing himself on another bike. Around half of the driving in Bullitt was performed by Loren Janes.<ref name="Myers 2011" />

McQueen and John Sturges planned to make Day of the Champion,<ref>McQueen Toffel, Neile, (1986). – Excerpt: My Husband, My Friend Template:Webarchive. – (c/o The Sand Pebbles). – New York City: Atheneum. – Template:ISBN</ref> a movie about Formula One racing, but McQueen was busy with the delayed The Sand Pebbles.

McQueen considered being a professional race car driver. He had a one-off outing in the British Touring Car Championship in 1961, driving a BMC Mini at Brands Hatch, finishing third.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 1970 12 Hours of Sebring race, Peter Revson and McQueen (driving with a cast on his left foot from a motorcycle accident two weeks earlier) won with a Porsche 908/02 in the three-litre class and missed winning overall by 21.1 seconds to Mario Andretti/Ignazio Giunti/Nino Vaccarella in a five-litre Ferrari 512S.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This same Porsche 908 was entered by his production company Solar Productions as a camera car for Le Mans in the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans later that year. McQueen wanted to drive a Porsche 917 with Jackie Stewart in that race,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but the film backers threatened to pull their support if he did. Faced with the choice of driving for 24 hours in the race or driving for the entire summer making the film, McQueen opted for the latter.Template:Failed verification<ref name="Stone2007">Stone, Matthew L, (2007). – Excerpt: "Steve McQueen's Automotive Legacy Template:Webarchive. – Mcqueen's Machines: The Cars And Bikes Of A Hollywood Icon. – (c/o Mustang & Fords). – St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks. – Template:ISBN</ref>

McQueen competed in off-road motorcycle racing, frequently running a BSA Hornet and using alias Harvey Mushman.<ref name="Nolan 1984" /> He was also set to co-drive in a Triumph 2500 PI for the British Leyland team in the 1970 London-Mexico rally, but had to turn it down due to movie commitments.<ref name="Nolan 1984" /> His first off-road motorcycle was a Triumph 500 cc, purchased from Ekins. McQueen raced in many top off-road races on the West Coast, including the Baja 1000, the Mint 400, and the Elsinore Grand Prix.

In 1964, McQueen and Ekins were part of a four-rider (plus one reserve) first-ever official U.S. team-entry into the Silver Vase category of the International Six Days Trial (ISDT),<ref name="27 Aug" /> an Enduro-type off-road motorcycling event held that year in Erfurt, East Germany.<ref name="ISDT">Template:Cite journal</ref> The "A" team arrived in England in late August to collect their mix of 649 cc and 490 cc twins from the Triumph factory before modifying them for off-road use.<ref name="27 Aug">Motor Cycle, August 27, 1964. p.451. On the Rough by Peter Fraser. "All of them have been riding regularly in US Enduros and scrambles, but Bud is the only one with previous ISDT experience. He won golds last year and in 1962". Accessed December 7, 2015</ref> Initially let down with transport arrangements by a long-established English motorcycle dealer, Triumph dealer H&L Motors stepped-in to provide a suitable vehicle.<ref name="3 Sept">Motor Cycle, September 3, 1964. pp.492–494. ISDT Opening by Peter Fraser. Accessed December 7, 2015</ref> On arrival in Germany, the team, with their English temporary manager, were surprised to find that a Vase "B" team, comprising expat Americans living in Europe, had entered themselves privately to ride European-sourced machinery.<ref name="10 Sept">Motor Cycle, September 10, 1964. pp.508–510. ISDT First report by Peter Fraser. Accessed December 7, 2015</ref>

McQueen's ISDT competition number was 278, which was based on the trials starting order.<ref name="Stone1">Template:Cite book</ref> Both teams crashed repeatedly.<ref name="10 Sept" /><ref name="24 Sept">The Motor Cycle, September 24, 1964. pp.578-580. ISDT Round up by Peter Fraser</ref> McQueen retired due to irreparable crash damage,<ref name="MCS" /> and Ekins withdrew with a broken leg, both on day three. Only one member of the "B" team finished the six-day event.<ref name="24 Sept" /> UK monthly magazine Motorcycle Sport commented: "Riding Triumph twins...[the team] rode everywhere with great dash, if not in admirable style, falling off frequently and obviously out for six days' of sport without too many worries about who was going to win (they knew it would not be them)".<ref name="MCS">Motorcycle Sport, November 1964, pp.411–418 "Steve McQueen, last man on the course after a long stop to repair a broken chain, was speeding along to catch up when he collided with a motorcyclist; the Triumph was sadly mangled, the front fork doubled under the frame".</ref>

McQueen was inducted in the Off-road Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1978. In 1971, McQueen's Solar Productions funded the classic motorcycle documentary On Any Sunday, in which McQueen is featured, along with racing legends Mert Lawwill and Malcolm Smith. The same year, he also appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine riding a Husqvarna dirt bike.<ref>Sports Illustrated 35:8 (August 23, 1971), cover photograph by Heinz Kluetmeier. The article within was "Harvey on the Lam," beginning on page 54.</ref>

McQueen designed a motorsports bucket seat, for which a patent was issued in 1971.<ref name="Stone2007" />Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite patent</ref>

In a segment filmed for The Ed Sullivan Show, McQueen drove Sullivan around a desert area in a dune buggy at high speed. Afterward, Sullivan said, "That was a 'helluva' ride!"

By testimony of McQueen's son, Chad, Steve owned around 100 classic motorcycles, as well as around 100 exotic and vintage cars, including: Template:Div col

• Porsche 917, Porsche 908, and Ferrari 512 race cars from the Le Mans film
• Porsche 911S (used in the opening sequence of the Le Mans film)
• 1963 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta Lusso<ref name="1963 Ferrari">Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1967 Ferrari 275GTB/4<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1956 Jaguar XKSS (right-hand drive) (now on exhibit at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles, California)
• 1958 Porsche 356 Speedster 1600 Super (black exterior, interior and top) (McQueen drove the car in numerous SCCA racing events) (now in property of his son Chad)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 1968 Ford GT40 (Gulf liveried) (used in the Le Mans film)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1953 Siata 208s (McQueen replaced the Siata badges with Ferrari badges and called it his "little Ferrari")<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1967 Mini Cooper-S (McQueen had the car customized by Lee Brown with changes including a single foglight, a wood dash, a recessed antenna and a custom brown paint job)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1951 Chevrolet Styline De Lux Convertible (used in The Hunter, McQueen bought the car in 1979 after filming ended)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1952 Chevrolet 3800 pickup camper conversion (McQueen used the truck for cross-country camping trips. It was the last car he rode in before his death)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 1950 Hudson Commodore convertible
• 1952 Hudson Wasp 2-door sedan<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 1953 Hudson Hornet 4-door Sedan<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1956 GMC Suburban
• 1958 GMC Pickup Truck (reportedly one of McQueen's favorite cars, it is powered by a 336 Ci V8 which has been modified. The tag "MQ3188" is a reference to the ID number assigned to him when he was in reform school)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1931 Lincoln-Zephyr Sedan
• 1963 Lincoln Continental Sedan<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 1935 Chrysler Airflow Imperial Sedan<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 1969 Chevrolet Baja Hickey race truck (originally debuted at the 1968 Mexican 1000 Rally and was driven by Cliff Coleman, Johnny Diaz, and Mickey Thompson and others during its racing career; said to be the first truck specifically constructed by General Motors for use in the Mexican 1000; McQueen bought it from General Motors in 1970)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In spite of numerous attempts, McQueen was never able to purchase the Ford Mustang GT 390 he drove in Bullitt, which featured a modified drivetrain that suited McQueen's driving style. One of the two Mustangs used in the film was badly damaged, judged beyond repair, and believed to have been scrapped until it surfaced in Mexico in 2017,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> while the other one, which McQueen attempted to purchase in 1977,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is hidden from the public eye. At the 2018 North American International Auto Show the GT 390 was displayed, in its current non-restored condition, with the 2019 Ford Mustang "Bullitt".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

McQueen also flew and owned, among other aircraft, a 1945 Stearman, tail number N3188, (his student number in reform school), a 1946 Piper J-3 Cub, and an award-winning 1931 Pitcairn PA-8 biplane, flown in the U.S. Mail Service by famed World War I flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker. They were hangared at Santa Paula Airport an hour northwest of Hollywood, where he lived his final days.<ref name="Nolan 1984" />

Personal life

Relationships and friendships

File:Steve McQueen Neile Adams 1960.JPG

McQueen and then-wife Neile Adams in the "Man from the South" episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1960), also starring Peter Lorre

McQueen dated British-American actress Gia Scala whilst attending Stella Adler's school in New York.<ref name="GS1" />

On November 2, 1956, McQueen married Filipino actress and dancer Neile Adams,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> with whom he had a daughter named Terry Leslie (June 5, 1959 – March 19, 1998)<ref name="tcm">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a son named Chad (December 28, 1960 – September 11, 2024).<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp McQueen and Adams divorced on March 14, 1972.<ref name="tcm" /> Chad became an actor and race car driver like his father.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In her autobiography, My Husband, My Friend, Adams stated that she got an abortion in 1971 when their marriage was on the rocks.<ref name="neile" />

Via his son Chad, one of McQueen's four grandchildren is Steven R. McQueen, who also became an actor.<ref name="people">Template:Cite magazine</ref> His granddaughter via his daughter Terry is actress and producer Molly McQueen.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Mamie Van Doren claimed to have had an affair with McQueen and tried hallucinogens with him around 1959.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Actress-model Lauren Hutton said that she also had an affair with McQueen around 1964.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1971–1972, while separated from Adams, McQueen had a relationship with Junior Bonner co-star Barbara Leigh,<ref name="tcm" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> ending in pregnancy and abortion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

McQueen married his The Getaway co-star Ali MacGraw in Cheyenne, Wyoming, on July 12, 1973, and they divorced on August 9, 1978.<ref name="moviefreak">Template:Cite web</ref> MacGraw suffered a miscarriage during their marriage.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> McQueen's closest friend in his last years, martial-arts master Pat Johnson, claimed that MacGraw was the one true love of McQueen's life: "He was madly in love with her until the day he died."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1973, McQueen was one of the pallbearers at Bruce Lee's funeral, along with James Coburn, Lee's brother Robert, Peter Chin, Dan Inosanto, and Taky Kimura.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After discovering a mutual interest in racing, McQueen and The Great Escape co-star James Garner became good friends and lived near each other. McQueen recalled, "I could see that Jim was neat around his place. Flowers trimmed, no papers in the yard... grass always cut. So to piss him off, I'd start lobbing empty beer cans down the hill into his driveway. He'd have his drive all spick 'n' span when he left the house, then get home to find all these empty cans. Took him a long time to figure out it was me."<ref name="Nolan 1984" />

On January 16, 1980, less than 10 months before his death, McQueen married fashion model Barbara Minty.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In her book Steve McQueen: The Last Mile, Barbara Minty wrote that McQueen, who was raised Catholic, became an Evangelical Christian toward the end of his life.<ref name="McQueenB-SMTLM">McQueen, Barbara (2007). – Steve McQueen: The Last Mile. – Deerfield, Illinois: Dalton Watson Fine Books. – Template:ISBN.</ref> This was due in part to the influences of his flying instructor Sammy Mason, Mason's son Pete, and Barbara herself.<ref name="JohnsonB-VCS-2008-01-13">Template:Cite news</ref> McQueen attended his local church, Ventura Missionary Church, and was visited by evangelist Billy Graham shortly before his death.<ref name="JohnsonB-VCS-2008-01-13" /><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Lifestyle

File:Steve McQueen.jpg

McQueen's mug shot booking photographs for DUI in Alaska (1972)

McQueen followed a daily two-hour exercise regimen involving weightlifting and, at one point, running Template:Convert, seven days a week.<ref name="Terrill 2020" />Template:Rp McQueen learned the martial art Tang Soo Do from ninth-degree black belt Pat E. Johnson.<ref name="Terrill 1993" />

According to photographer William Claxton, McQueen smoked marijuana almost every day. Biographer Marc Eliot stated that McQueen used a large amount of cocaine in the early 1970s. He was also a heavy cigarette smoker. McQueen sometimes drank to excess; he was arrested for driving while intoxicated in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1972.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Manson connection

Two months after Charles Manson incited the Tate murders, including McQueen's friends Sharon Tate and Jay Sebring, the media reported police had found a hit list with McQueen's name on it. According to his first wife, McQueen began carrying a handgun at all times in public, including at Sebring's funeral.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Charitable causes

McQueen had an unusual reputation for demanding free items in bulk from studios when agreeing to do a film, such as electric razors, jeans and other items. It was later discovered McQueen donated these things to the Boys Republic reformatory school,<ref>John Dominis/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images. "Steve McQueen Returns to Reform School" 1963, accessed February 7, 2011</ref> where he had spent time during his teen years.

Political views

Despite being registered as a Republican, McQueen supported Democratic candidate Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 presidential election, but reverted to supporting Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1968 presidential election.<ref>Jet, October 1, 1964</ref><ref>Style Icons Vol 1 Golden Boys, 2014</ref>

Illness and death

McQueen developed a persistent cough in early 1978. He gave up cigarettes and underwent antibiotic treatments without improvement. His shortness of breath grew more pronounced and on December 22, 1979, after filming The Hunter, a biopsy revealed pleural mesothelioma,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a cancer associated with asbestos exposure for which there is no known cure.

A few months later, McQueen gave a medical interview in which he blamed his condition on asbestos exposure.<ref>Template:Cite interview</ref> McQueen believed that asbestos used in movie sound stage insulation and race-drivers' protective suits and helmets could have been involved, but he thought it more likely that his illness was a direct result of massive exposure while removing asbestos lagging (insulation) from pipes aboard a troop ship while he served in the Marines.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

By February 1980, evidence of widespread metastasis was found. He tried to keep the condition a secret, but on March 11, 1980, the National Enquirer disclosed that he had "terminal cancer".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In July 1980, McQueen traveled to Rosarito Beach, Mexico, for unconventional treatment after U.S. doctors told him they could do nothing to prolong his life.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Controversy arose over the trip because McQueen sought treatment from William Donald Kelley, who was promoting a variation of the Gerson therapy that used coffee enemas, frequent washing with shampoos, daily injections of fluid containing live cells from cattle and sheep, massages, and laetrile, a reputed anti-cancer drug available in Mexico but long known to be both toxic and ineffective in treating cancer.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> McQueen paid for Kelley's treatments in cash, which were said to have been upwards of $40,000 per month (Template:Inflation) during his three-month stay in Mexico. Kelley's only medically related license (until being revoked in 1976) had been for orthodontics, a field of dentistry.<ref name="WorthingtonR-RGWPC-2006-10-27">Worthington, Roger. "A Candid Interview with Barbara McQueen 26 Years After Mesothelioma Claimed the Life of Husband and Hollywood Icon, Steve McQueen". The Law Office of Roger G. Worthington P.C. October 27, 2006.</ref> Kelley's methods caused a sensation in the traditional and tabloid press when it became known that McQueen was a patient.<ref>Template:Cite book.</ref><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Title missing</ref>

McQueen returned to the U.S. in early October. Despite metastasis of the cancer throughout his body, Kelley publicly announced that McQueen would be completely cured and could return to normal life; however, his condition soon worsened, and huge tumors developed in his abdomen.<ref name="WorthingtonR-RGWPC-2006-10-27" />

In late October 1980, McQueen flew to Ciudad Juárez in Mexico to have an abdominal tumor on his liver (weighing around 5 lbs/2.3 kg) removed, despite warnings from his American doctors that the tumor was inoperable and his heart could not withstand the surgery.<ref name="Nolan 1984" />Template:Rp<ref name="WorthingtonR-RGWPC-2006-10-27" /> Under the name Samuel Sheppard, he checked into a small Juárez clinic, where the doctors and staff were unaware of his actual identity.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On November 7, 1980, he died of a heart attack at 3:45 a.m. at a Juárez hospital, 12 hours after surgery to remove or reduce numerous metastatic tumors in his neck and abdomen.<ref name="Nolan 1984" /> He was 50 years old.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He reportedly died in his sleep with his family at his bedside.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Leonard DeWitt of the Ventura Missionary Church presided over McQueen's memorial service.<ref name="McQueenB-SMTLM" /><ref name="JohnsonB-VCS-2008-01-13" /> McQueen was cremated and his ashes were spread in the Pacific Ocean.

Legacy

File:Steve McQueen.png

The photo on McQueen's international driver's license

In 2007, 27 years after his death, Forbes said McQueen remained a popular star, was still the "King of Cool", and was one of the highest-earning dead celebrities. A rights-management agency head credited Branded Entertainment Network (called Corbis at the time) with maximizing the profitability of his estate by limiting the licensing of McQueen's image, thereby avoiding the commercial saturation of other dead celebrities' estates. By 2007, McQueen's estate entered the top 10 of highest-earning dead celebrities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

McQueen was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers in April 2007, in a ceremony at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In November 1999, McQueen was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame. He was credited with contributions including financing the film On Any Sunday, supporting a team of off-road riders, and enhancing the public image of motorcycling overall.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Beech Grove, Indiana, Public Library formally dedicated the Steve McQueen Birthplace Collection on March 16, 2010, to commemorate the 80th anniversary of McQueen's birth on March 24, 1930.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

There is a street named after McQueen in San Antonio, Texas.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2012, McQueen was posthumously honored with the Warren Zevon Tribute Award by the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization (ADAO).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Steve McQueen: The Man & Le Mans, a 2015 documentary, examines the actor's quest to create and star in the 1971 auto-racing film Le Mans. His son Chad McQueen and former wife Neile Adams are among those interviewed.

On September 28, 2017, there was a selected showing in some theaters of his life story and spiritual quest, Steve McQueen – American Icon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There was an encore presentation on October 10, 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The film received mostly positive reviews.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Kenneth R. Morefield of Christianity Today said it "offers a timeless reminder that even those among us living the most celebrated lives often long for the peace and sense of purpose that only God can provide".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Michael Foust of Wordslingers called it "one of the most powerful and inspiring documentaries I've ever seen".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In the 2019 Quentin Tarantino film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, McQueen is portrayed by Damian Lewis. McQueen also appears as a character in Tarantino's novel of the same name.

Archive

The Academy Film Archive houses the Steve McQueen-Neile Adams Collection, which consists of personal prints and home movies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The archive has preserved several of McQueen's home movies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ford commercials

In 1998, director Paul Street created a commercial for the Ford Puma. Footage was shot in modern-day San Francisco, set to the theme music from Bullitt. Archive footage of McQueen was used to digitally superimpose him driving and exiting the car in settings reminiscent of the film. The Puma shares the same number plate of the classic fastback Mustang used in Bullitt, and as he parks in the garage (next to the Mustang), he pauses and looks meaningfully at a motorcycle tucked in the corner, similar to that used in The Great Escape.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At the Detroit Auto Show in January 2018, Ford unveiled the new 2019 Mustang Bullitt. The company called on McQueen's granddaughter, actress Molly McQueen, to make the announcement. After a brief rundown of the tribute car's particulars, a short film was shown in which Molly was introduced to the actual Bullitt Mustang, a 1968 Mustang Fastback with a 390 cubic-inch engine and a four-speed manual gearbox. That car has been in possession of the same family since 1974 and hidden away from the public until then, when it was driven out from under the press stand and up the center aisle of Ford's booth to much fanfare.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Memorabilia

Motorcycles and cars

McQueen drove a Porsche 917 Chassis 022 extensively in Le Mans. After being sold and raced in the 1970s, Jerry Seinfeld acquired 022 in 2002, who asked Joe Cavaglieri to fully restore it to the 1971 film era in Gulf Porsche team livery. 022 will be auctioned on January 18, 2025, by Mecum Auctions. 022 now has a dedicated webpage and video which features interviews with Seinfeld, Porsche Team members and grandson Chase McQueen. The 1970 Porsche 911S purchased while making the film Le Mans and appearing in the opening sequence was sold at auction in August 2011 for $1.375 million.

One of his motorcycles, a 1937 Crocker, sold for a world-record price of $276,500 at the same auction. McQueen's 1963 metallic-brown Ferrari 250 GT Lusso Berlinetta sold for US$2.31 million at auction on August 16, 2007.<ref name="1963 Ferrari" /> Except for three motorcycles sold with other memorabilia in 2006,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> most of McQueen's collection of 130 motorcycles was sold four years after his death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

From 1995 to 2011, McQueen's red 1957 fuel-injected Chevrolet convertible was displayed at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles in a special Cars of Steve McQueen exhibit. It is now in the collection of actress Ruth Buzzi and her husband Kent Perkins. McQueen's British racing green 1956 Jaguar XKSS is located in the Petersen Automotive Museum and is in drivable condition, having been driven by Jay Leno in an episode of Jay Leno's Garage. In August 2019, Mecum Auctions announced it would auction the Bullitt Mustang Hero Car at its Kissimmee auction, held January 2–12, 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The car sold without reserve for $3.4 million ($3.74 million after commissions and fees).

Watches

McQueen was a sponsored ambassador for Heuer watches. In the 1971 film Le Mans, he famously wore a blue-faced Monaco Ref. 1133, which led to its cult status among watch collectors, purchasing six watches of the same model for the shoot of the film. On December 12, 2020, one of the last six models and one of two held in private hands was sold for a record US$2.208 million at a Phillips auction in New York City, becoming the most expensive Heuer watch sold at auction.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tag Heuer continuesTemplate:When to promote its Monaco range with McQueen's image.Template:Citation needed

The Rolex Explorer II, Reference 1655, known as Rolex Steve McQueen in the horology collectors' world, the Rolex Submariner, Reference 5512, which McQueen was often photographed wearing in private moments, sold for $234,000 at auction on June 11, 2009, a world-record price for the type.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In June 2018, Phillips announced McQueen's Rolex Submariner to hit the auction block in September that year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, there was controversy whether the watch was his personal watch worn by McQueen himself or if the watch was bought, engraved, then gifted.<ref name="Mastine-Frost">Template:Cite web</ref> Phillips later removed the watch from the auction block.<ref name="Mastine-Frost" />

Among McQueen's other watches was a Hanhart 417 chronograph.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sunglasses

The blue-tinted sunglasses (Persol 714) worn by McQueen in the 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair sold at a Bonhams & Butterfield auction in Los Angeles for $70,200 in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Awards and honors

Academy Awards

• (1967) Nominated – Best Actor in a Leading Role in The Sand Pebbles

Golden Globe Awards

• (1964) Nominated – Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama in Love with the Proper Stranger
• (1967) Nominated – Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama in The Sand Pebbles
• (1970) Nominated – Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in The Reivers
• (1974) Nominated – Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama in Papillon

Moscow International Film Festival

• (1963) – Won – Best Actor in The Great Escape<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book

Further reading

• Beaver, Jim. Steve McQueen. Films in Review, August–September 1981.
• Satchell, Tim. McQueen. (Sidgwick and Jackson Limited, 1981) Template:ISBN
• Siegel, Mike. Steve McQueen: The Actor and his Films (Dalton Watson, 2011)
• Template:Cite news
• Terrill, Marshall. Steve McQueen: A Tribute to the King of Cool, (Dalton Watson, 2010)
• Terrill, Marshall. Steve McQueen: The Life and Legacy of a Hollywood Icon, (Triumph Books, 2010)

External links

• Template:Official website
• Template:IMDb name
• Template:Tcmdb name
• Template:IBDB name
• Steve McQueen at Virtual History
• Bell System Film "A Family Affair", McQueen's debut, at The AT&T Tech Channel
• 1962 The Great Escape – private photos of the shooting and documents of 2nd unit cameraman Walter Riml