Jo Daviess County, Illinois: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 07:19, 27 February 2025

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Jo Daviess County (Template:IPAc-en) is the northwesternmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 22,035.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its county seat is Galena.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> Jo Daviess County is part of the Tri-State Area and is located near Dubuque, Iowa and Platteville, Wisconsin. As part of the Driftless Area, Jo Daviess County contains rugged terrain compared to the rest of the state. Within Jo Daviess County lies Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois, as well as eight of the ten highest points in Illinois.<ref>Peak Visor: Jo Daviess County Illinois.</ref><ref>Peak Visor: Illinois.</ref>

History

Template:More citations needed Jo Daviess County was formed in 1827 out of Henry and Putnam counties. It is named for Maj. Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, United States District Attorney for Kentucky, who was killed in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The local pronunciation is "Davis". Jo Daviess County was founded exclusively by immigrants from New England. These were old stock "Yankee" immigrants, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the 1600s. The completion of the Erie Canal caused a surge in New England immigration to what was then the Northwest Territory.

The end of the Black Hawk War led to an additional surge of immigration, once again coming almost exclusively from the six New England states as a result of overpopulation combined with land shortages in that region. Some of these later settlers were from upstate New York and had parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after the Revolutionary War. New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York were the vast majority of Jo Daviess County's inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. These settlers were primarily members of the Congregational Church though due to the Second Great Awakening many of them had converted to Methodism and some had become Baptists before coming to what is now Jo Daviess County. The Congregational Church subsequently went through many divisions and some factions, including those in Jo Daviess County that affiliated with the Church of Christ and the United Church of Christ.

As a result of this heritage the vast majority of inhabitants in Jo Daviess County, much like antebellum New England were overwhelmingly in favor of the abolitionist movement during the decades leading up to the Civil War.<ref>The History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois: Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, Etc., a Biographical Directory of Its Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion by H.F. Kett & Company, 1878.</ref>

In the late 1880s and early 1890s Irish and German migrants began moving into Jo Daviess County, most of these later immigrants did not move directly from Ireland and Germany, but rather from other areas in the Midwest where they had been living, particularly the state of Ohio.<ref>The Early History of Northern Illinois by Charles Knapp Carpenter Ogle County Federation of Women's Clubs, 1948</ref>

County border changes

1830Template:SndThe northern border of Illinois and Wisconsin was formally established. Until that time, several Wisconsin towns actually were under the jurisdiction of Jo Daviess County.<ref>Template:Cite web Jo Daviess County Courthouse: History Highlights</ref>
1831Template:Snd Rock Island County was formed from a part of the county, along with a new northern extension of Henry County and Putnam County.
1836Template:Snd Whiteside, Ogle, and Winnebago counties were formed from the southern and eastern sections of the county.
1837Template:Snd Stephenson County was formed from the eastern section of the county.
1839Template:Snd Carroll County was formed from the southern section of the county.

Jo Daviess County at the time of its creation to 1831 (Wisconsin border adjustment not shown)

Jo Daviess County at the time of its creation to 1831 (Wisconsin border adjustment not shown)
Jo Daviess between 1831 and 1836

Jo Daviess between 1831 and 1836
Jo Daviess between 1836 and 1837. Whiteside and Ogle counties remained temporarily attached to Jo Daviess until county governments could be organized.<ref>White, Jesse. Origin and Evolution of Illinois Counties. State of Illinois, March 2010. [1]</ref>

Jo Daviess between 1836 and 1837. Whiteside and Ogle counties remained temporarily attached to Jo Daviess until county governments could be organized.<ref>White, Jesse. Origin and Evolution of Illinois Counties. State of Illinois, March 2010. [1]</ref>
Jo Daviess between 1837 and 1839

Jo Daviess between 1837 and 1839
Jo Daviess reduced to its current size in 1839 by the creation of Carroll County and the organization of a government in Whiteside County

Jo Daviess reduced to its current size in 1839 by the creation of Carroll County and the organization of a government in Whiteside County

Geography

File:Charles Mound, Illinois.JPG

Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois at Template:Convert, is located near Scales Mound in Jo Daviess County.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (2.9%) is water.<ref name="census-density"/>

Climate and weather

Template:Climate chart In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Galena have ranged from a low of Template:Convert in January to a high of Template:Convert in July, although a record low of Template:Convert was recorded in February 1996 and a record high of Template:Convert was recorded in August 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in June.<ref name="weather"/>

Major highways

In Illinois, US 20 is designated the General Ulysses S. Grant Highway (often abbreviated the U.S. Grant Memorial Highway) and is the longest route in the United States.<ref>Ask the Rambler: What Is The Longest Road in the United States? Source published: June 27, 2017; accessed: July 20, 2022.</ref> In eastern Jo Daviess County US 20 is one of the few areas that remain two-lane across the entire stretch of US 20. The road between Dubuque and Stockton was once known as the most dangerous stretch of road because of the hills and curves flanked by cliffs and valleys. Travelers were greeted with signs reminding them to drive carefully as they entered this stretch of road.

Demographics

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As of the 2010 United States census, there were 22,678 people, 9,753 households, and 6,514 families residing in the county.<ref name="census-dp1">Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was Template:Convert. There were 13,574 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert.<ref name="census-density">Template:Cite web</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 97.2% white, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.9% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.7% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/> In terms of ancestry, 49.4% were German, 19.7% were Irish, 11.1% were English, and 8.5% were American.<ref name="census-dp2">Template:Cite web</ref>

Of the 9,753 households, 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 7% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.2% were non-families, and 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age was 47.1 years.<ref name="census-dp1"/>

The median income for a household in the county was $50,279 and the median income for a family was $60,381. Males had a median income of $38,372 versus $29,412 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,819. About 5.6% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="census-dp3">Template:Cite web</ref>