2012

File:2012 Events Collage V3.png

From left, clockwise: the passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; people gather at a Mayan temple to commemorate the end of 13th bʼakʼtun in the Mayan calendar on December 21, when it was predicted a doomsday event would occur; NASA's Curiosity Rover lands on the surface of Mars; the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting caused turmoil across the United States; K-pop artist Psy performs his hit single "Gangnam Style", which became a cultural phenomenon in 2012; the elementary particle, the Higgs boson, dubbed "The God Particle", is discovered by CERN and revolutionizes quantum physics; the 2012 Summer Olympics are held in London, United Kingdom

2012 was designated as:

• International Year of Cooperatives<ref name="2012 - International Year of Cooperatives">Template:Cite web</ref>
• International Year of Sustainable Energy for All<ref name="2012 - International Year of Sustainable Energy for All">Template:Cite web</ref>

Events

January

• January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins.
• January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the Romanian city of Târgu Mureș, protesters expressing solidarity towards certain figures in the medical field and calling for the resignation of president Traian Băsescu. The protests would soon spread through all of the country, marking the start of a long civil unrest in Romania, lasting up to November 2015.
• January 13 – The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia runs aground off the coast of Italy, causing 32 deaths.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• January 23 – Iran–European Union relations: the European Union adopts an embargo against Iran in protest of its continued effort to enrich uranium.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

February

• February 1 – Egypt's deadliest football incident known as the Port Said Stadium riot is sparked after local Port Said Al Masry fans attack supporters of Cairo-based team Al Ahly SC. The massacre results in 74 deaths: 72 Al Ahly fans, 1 Al Masry fan and 1 police officer. Most of the deaths are caused by stabbing, fans thrown off the stands and a stampede.
• February 6
  • Queen Elizabeth II celebrates her "Diamond Jubilee", marking 60 years as Queen of the United Kingdom.
  • A magnitude 6.7 earthquake strike in the central Philippines island of Negros, leaving 112 people dead.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• February 19 – Iran suspends oil exports to Britain and France, following sanctions put in place by the European Union and the United States in January.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• February 21 – Greek government-debt crisis: Eurozone finance ministers reach an agreement on a second, €130-billion Greek bailout.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• February 27 – Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh formally transfers power to Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, after a year of mass protests, ending his 33-year-long reign.

March

• March 1 – Sauli Niinistö is inaugurated as the 12th President of Finland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 4
  • A series of explosions is reported at a munitions dump in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, with at least 250 people dead.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Vladimir Putin is elected President of Russia.
• March 5 – Air date of Kony 2012 (viral documentary film) on YouTube.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Molloy">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• March 12 – A coach carrying school pupils and teachers crashes while travelling through Sierre Tunnel on the A9 motorway in western Switzerland. Of the 52 people on board, 28 are killed, among them 22 children.
• March 13 – After 246 years since its first publication, the Encyclopædia Britannica discontinues its print edition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• March 15 – Communist party chief of Chongqing Bo Xilai, well known for his neo-Maoist leanings and policies, is removed from his post after a large scandal involving the murder of British businessman Neil Heywood and an incident involving the Chongqing police chief Wang Lijun.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• March 22
  • The President of Mali, Amadou Toumani Touré, is ousted in a coup d'état after mutinous soldiers attack government offices.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Pakistan wins the 2012 Asia Cup cricket tournament.

April

• April 6 – The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad unilaterally declares the independence of Azawad from Mali.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• April 11
  • Kim Jong Un was elected First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, and his father, Kim Jong Il, was given the appellation "Eternal General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • An 8.6 earthquake strikes Indonesia triggering a small tsunami that hits the coast of Aceh.
• April 12 – Mutinous soldiers in Guinea-Bissau stage a coup d'état and take control of the capital city, Bissau. They arrest interim President Raimundo Pereira and leading presidential candidate Carlos Gomes Júnior in the midst of a presidential election campaign.<ref name="ap">Template:Cite web</ref>
• April 13 – Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3, a North Korean Earth observation satellite, explodes shortly after launch. The United States and other countries had called the impending launch a violation of United Nations Security Council demands.<ref name="NK_satellite"/> The launch was planned to mark the centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung, the founder of the republic.<ref name="NK_satellite">Template:Cite news</ref>
• April 20 – Bhoja Air Flight 213 crashes near Rawalpindi, Pakistan, killing all 127 people on board.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• April 25 – Former Liberian President Charles Taylor is found guilty on 11 counts of aiding and abetting war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Sierra Leone Civil War.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

May

• May 2 – A pastel version of The Scream, by the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, sells for US$120 million in a New York City auction, setting a new world record for an auctioned work of art.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• May 6 – Legislative elections are held in Greece to elect all 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament and the New Democracy party led by Antonis Samaras, comes out as the largest party winning 108 out of 300 seats.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• May 12–August 12 – The 2012 World Expo takes place in Yeosu, South Korea.<ref name="Expo_2012">2012 World Expo (English) Template:Webarchive Retrieved January 23, 2012.</ref>
• May 19 – Chelsea wins the 2011-12 UEFA Champions League held in Munich, Germany by beating the home side Bayern Munich in the final.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• May 20 – An annular solar eclipse visible from Asia and North America is the 58th solar eclipse from 73 solar eclipses of Solar Saros 128.
• May 22 – Tokyo Skytree, the tallest self-supporting tower in the world at 634 metres high, is opened to the public.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• May 22–26 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2012 takes place in Baku, Azerbaijan, and is won by Swedish entrant Loreen with the song "Euphoria".
• May 25 – Houla massacre takes place, perpetrated by the Syrian Arab Army, with 108 being killed.

June

• June 3 – Dana Air Flight 0992, on a flight from Abuja to Lagos, Nigeria, suffered a dual-engine failure during its approach to Lagos where it crashed onto buildings, killing all 153 people on board and six on the ground.
• June 5–6 – The century's second and last solar transit of Venus occurs. The next pair are predicted to occur in 2117 and 2125.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• June 6 – 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak first identified.
• June 7 – Morley and Dianella in Perth, Western Australia, have a once in a decade tornado.
• June 8 – UEFA Euro 2012, hosted by Poland and Ukraine, begins in Warsaw, with a match between Poland and Greece, which ends 1-1.
• June 17 – Snap legislative elections are held in Greece, following failure to form a government, to elect all 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament and the New Democracy party, led by Antonis Samaras, comes out as the largest party winning 129 out of 300 seats.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• June 18 – Shenzhou 9, a Chinese spacecraft carrying three Chinese astronauts, including the first-ever female, docks manually with orbiting module Tiangong-1, making this the third country, after the United States and Russia, successfully to perform the mission.<ref name="China’s Shenzhou-9 successfully docks with Tiangong-1">Template:Cite web</ref>
• June 21 – The Congress of Paraguay approves the impeachment of president Fernando Lugo.
• June 22 – Fernando Lugo is removed from power. Vice President Federico Franco becomes the new president of Paraguay.
• June 24 – Lonesome George, the last known individual of the Pinta Island tortoise subspecies, dies in Galápagos National Park, thus making the subspecies extinct.<ref name="Lonesome George's Death">Template:Cite news</ref>
• June 30 – Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, is elected 5th President of Egypt, the first elected democratically by the Egyptian people, sparking mixed reactions and protests throughout the country.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

July

• July 1 – The final match of the UEFA Euro 2012 takes place in Kyiv between Spain and Italy. Spain wins 4–0, achieving victorious from the third international tournament in a row, after winning UEFA Euro 2008 and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
• July 4
  • CERN announces the discovery of a new particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson after experiments at the Large Hadron Collider.<ref name=cern1207>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref name=cms1207>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=atlas1207>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Video (04:38) Template:Webarchive – CERN Announcement (4 July 2012) Of Higgs Boson Discovery.</ref><ref name="NYT-20120704">Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Sport Club Corinthians Paulista wins the Copa Libertadores by beating the Boca Juniors.
• July 20 – 2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting: 12 people are killed and 58 are injured in a mass shooting at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. The shooter, James Holmes, opens fire on a crowd during a screening of The Dark Knight Rises.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• July 21 – Turkish adventurer Erden Eruç becomes the first person in history to complete a solo human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth.
• July 23 – The Solar storm of 2012 is an unusually large coronal mass ejection emitted by the Sun which barely misses the Earth by nine days. If it had hit, it would have caused up to US$2.6 trillion in damages to electrical equipment worldwide.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• July 27–August 12 – The 2012 Summer Olympics are held in London, England, United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• July 30–31 – In the worst power outage in world history, the 2012 India blackouts leave 620 million people without power.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

August

• August 1 – Microsoft finishes development of Windows 8, with general availability announced for October 26.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• August 6 – Curiosity, the Mars Science Laboratory mission's rover, successfully lands on Mars.<ref name="MarsScienceLaboratory">Template:Cite web</ref>
• August 24 – The House of Representatives of Japan passes a resolution criticizing the President of South Korea Lee Myung-bak's visit to the disputed Liancourt Rocks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Importance inline
• August 25 – The Voyager 1 space probe becomes the first human-made object to successfully exit the Solar System and enter Interstellar space, and to an extent, becoming the first Interstellar probe, pioneering Interstellar exploration.
• August 31 – Armenia severs diplomatic relations with Hungary, following the extradition to Azerbaijan and subsequent pardoning of Ramil Safarov, who was convicted of killing an Armenian soldier in Hungary in 2004. The move is also met with fierce criticism from other countries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

September

• September 4 – Windows 7 overtakes Windows XP in market share globally.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• September 7 – Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran, and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over support for Syria, nuclear plans and human rights abuses.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• September 11–27 – A series of terrorist attacks are directed against United States diplomatic missions worldwide, as well as diplomatic missions of Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. In the US, opinions are divided over whether the attacks are a reaction to a YouTube trailer for the film Innocence of Muslims. In Libya, US ambassador J. Christopher Stevens is among those killed during attacks in Benghazi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
• September 22 – The United Kingdom informs the World Health Organization about a novel coronavirus case originating from Saudi Arabia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

October

• October 14 – Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner becomes the first person to break the sound barrier without any machine assistance, during a record space dive out of the Red Bull Stratos helium-filled balloon from 128,000 ft (Template:Convert) over Roswell, New Mexico in the United States.<ref>(CNN) Template:Webarchive. Retrieved October 14, 2012.</ref><ref>NYDaily News:Red Bull Stratos Template:Webarchive Retrieved October 15, 2012.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• October 16 – Seven paintings worth $25 million are stolen from the Kunsthal in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Monet and Picasso among works stolen from Dutch museum. Template:Webarchive BBC News. October 16, 2012</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Stolen Paintings Include Picasso And Freud. Sky News. October 16, 2012.</ref>
• October 22 – November 2 – Hurricane Sandy, the largest Atlantic hurricane on record (as measured by diameter, with tropical-storm-force winds spanning 900 miles (1,400 km)), wreaks havoc, resulting in 233 total deaths and $68.7 billion (2012 USD) damage.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• October 26 – Windows 8 is released to the general public by Microsoft.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• October 28 – Jorge Lorenzo becomes the World Champion of the 2012 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.

November

• November 6 – 2012 United States presidential election: Barack Obama is reelected President of the United States, defeating his Republican challenger Mitt Romney.
• November 13 – A total solar eclipse occurs in parts of Australia and the South Pacific. It is the 45th of 72 solar eclipses of Solar Saros 133.
• November 14–21 – Israel launches Operation Pillar of Defense against the Palestinian-governed Gaza Strip, killing Hamas military chief Ahmed Jabari. In the following week 140 Palestinians and five Israelis are killed in an ensuing cycle of violence. A ceasefire between Israel and Hamas is announced by Egyptian Foreign Minister Mohamed Kamel Amr and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton after the week-long escalation in hostilities in Southern Israel and the Gaza Strip.<ref name="AJE">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=enews>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>USA Today News Template:Webarchive Report on Conflict Treaty. Retrieved November 23, 2012.</ref><ref>The New York Times Template:Webarchive Report on Conflict Treaty. Retrieved November 23, 2012.</ref><ref>CNN Report Template:Webarchive Report on Conflict Treaty. Retrieved November 23, 2012.</ref>
• November 25–December 9 – Typhoon Bopha, known as "Pablo" in the Philippines, kills at least 1,067 with around 838 people missing. The typhoon causes considerable damage in the island of Mindanao.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• November 29 – The UN General Assembly approves a motion granting Palestine non-member observer state status.<ref name="time">Template:Cite news</ref>

December

• December 4-6 – Egyptian protestors protest outside the presidential palace against the 2012 constitutional declaration which gave President Morsi influence over the judiciary and turns violent when Morsi supporters clashed with anti-Morsi protestors. It led to the intervention of security forces. The incident caused the deaths of at least 10, including anti-Morsi protestors and supporters of Morsi as well as hundreds of injuries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• December 6 – The U.S. state of Washington becomes the first jurisdiction in the modern world to officially legalize the possession of cannabis for personal use.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• December 6–16 – The 2012 FIFA Club World Cup is held in Japan and won by Sport Club Corinthians Paulista.
• December 8 – The UN Climate Change Conference in Qatar agrees to extend the Kyoto Protocol until 2020.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• December 10 – The Séléka overthrows the government of the Central African Republic which leads to the outbreak of a Civil war.
• December 12
  • North Korea successfully launches satellite Kwangmyongsong-3 Unit 2.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • December 12 is the last time in the 21st century that the month, day and final two digits of the year are the exact same (12/12/12). The next time this will happen will be on New Year's Day in 2101 (01/01/01).
• December 14 – Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting: Adam Lanza kills his mother before shooting and killing twenty students and six teachers, as well as himself, at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut. It becomes the deadliest school shooting at a K-12 school in U.S. history.
• December 17 – Spanish bank Grupo Santander announces the acquisition of the remaining 10% of Banesto it did not yet own, effectively absorbing it into Banco Santander.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• December 18 – At least 55 people drown after an overcrowded boat capsizes off the coast of Somalia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• December 21 – 2012 phenomenon: End of 13th b'ak'tun in the Mayan calendar, supposed end of the world according to new age beliefs. Festivities took place to commemorate the event in the countries that were part of the Maya civilization (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador), with main events at Chichén Itzá in Mexico and Tikal in Guatemala.<ref name="ChiItza">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NYT122112">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Hff">Template:Cite news</ref>

Nobel Prizes

File:Nobel medal.png

• Chemistry – Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka, for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors.
• Economics – Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd Shapley, for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design.
• Literature – Mo Yan, who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary.
• Peace – European Union, for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe.
• Physics – Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland, for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems.
• Physiology or Medicine – John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.

New English words

• hot take
• escape room

See also

• 2012 phenomenon
• Template:Portal-inline