Editing List of diets

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An individual's [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]] is the sum of food and drink that one habitually consumes. [[Dieting]] is the practice of attempting to achieve or maintain a certain weight through diet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101214205259/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/diet "Definition for diet"]. ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> People's dietary choices are often affected by a variety of factors, including ethical and religious beliefs, clinical need, or a desire to control weight.

Not all diets are considered healthy. Some people follow unhealthy diets through habit, rather than through a conscious choice to eat unhealthily. Terms applied to such eating habits include "junk food diet" and "Western diet". Many diets are considered by clinicians to pose significant health risks and minimal long-term benefit. This is particularly true of "crash" or "fad" diets – short-term, weight-loss plans that involve drastic changes to a person's normal eating habits.

''Only diets covered on Wikipedia are listed under alphabetically sorted headings''.

==Belief-based diets==
Some people's dietary choices are influenced by their religious, spiritual or philosophical beliefs.

* [[Buddhist cuisine|Buddhist diet]]: While [[Buddhism]] does not have specific dietary rules, some Buddhists practice [[Buddhist vegetarianism|vegetarianism]] based on Mahayana Buddhism's strict interpretation of the first of the [[Five Precepts]].<ref>Weintraub, Eileen. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203061437/http://www.serv-online.org/Eileen-Weintraub.htm "Life as a Vegetarian Tibetan Buddhist Practitioner: A personal view"]}}. Society of Ethical and Religious Vegetarians. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>    
* [[Diet in Hinduism|Hindu diet]]: It is popular for followers of Hinduism to follow [[Lacto vegetarianism|lacto vegetarian diets]] (though most do not), based on the principle of [[ahimsa]] (non-harming).<ref name=hindudiet/>  Consuming [[Beef|beef/cattle]] is forbidden or at least taboo among followers due to [[Cattle in religion and mythology|cow veneration]]. Most Hindus in India do intentionally limit their meat consumption one way or another.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Corichi |first=Manolo |title=Eight-in-ten Indians limit meat in their diets, and four-in-ten consider themselves vegetarian |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/07/08/eight-in-ten-indians-limit-meat-in-their-diets-and-four-in-ten-consider-themselves-vegetarian/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Jain vegetarianism|Jain diet]]: Due to how the Jain faith interprets ''ahisma,'' [[vegetarianism]] is considered mandatory for followers; a lacto-vegetarian diet<ref>{{Cite book |last=van Popering |first=Ruben |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119663 |title=Jain Vegetarian Laws in the City of Palitana : Indefensible Legal Enforcement or Praiseworthy Progressive Moralism? |date=2015}}</ref> or vegan diet<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Christopher Jain |last2=Dickstein |first2=Jonathan |date=July 2021 |title=Jain Veganism: Ancient Wisdom, New Opportunities |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=512 |doi=10.3390/rel12070512 |issn=2077-1444|doi-access=free }}</ref> in particular is considered appropriate for Jains. Most Jains also abstain from consuming root vegetables in order to prevent harming insects, worms and microorganisms when they are uprooted. Most also partake in [[Fasting in Jainism|some form of fasting]].<ref name=":0" /> Some variants of Jainism further discourage or forbid the consumption of honey, fungi, alcoholic beverages and fermented foods.
* [[Islamic dietary laws|Islamic diet]]: Muslims follow a diet consisting solely of food that is [[halal]] – permissible in Islam. The opposite of halal is [[haraam]], food that is Islamically impermissible. Haraam substances include carnivores, pork and other non-ruminant animals, and any meat from an animal which was not killed through the Islamic method of ritual slaughter ([[Dhabihah]]).<ref>[http://www.halalcertified.com/halal.html "What do Halal, Dhabiha Halal and Haram Mean?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827000216/http://www.halalcertified.com/halal.html |date=27 August 2012 }}. halalcertified.com. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> If an otherwise Halal animal was subject to torture by humans, its meat can still be considered non-permissible for Muslims.
* [[I-tal]]: A set of principles which influences the diet of many members of the [[Rastafari movement]]. One principle is that natural foods should be consumed. Emphasis is put on consuming produce that is fresh, organic and ideally grown at home or locally. Another principle involves avoiding "unclean" types of food; the definition which is influenced by Biblical teachings. In order to preserve "life energy" Rastafarians encourage [[teetotalism]], and many Rastafarians interpret I-tal to advocate vegetarianism or veganism as well.<ref>[http://www.dundee.ac.uk/chaplaincy/guidetoreligions/rastafarianism/ "Rastafarianism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605162631/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/chaplaincy/guidetoreligions/rastafarianism/ |date=5 June 2016 }}. [[University of Dundee]]. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> Many followers do view seafood as an acceptable addition to an I-tal diet but they restrict which kinds they permit; fish over a foot long are typically avoided and all shellfish are eschewed as they are not kosher animals—unlike [[Actinopterygii|finned-fish]] with scales.
* [[Kosher foods|Kosher diet]]: Food permissible under [[kashrut]], the set of [[Jewish]] dietary laws, is said to be kosher. Some foods and food combinations are non-kosher, and failure to prepare food in accordance with kashrut can make otherwise permissible foods non-Kosher.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thespruce.com/introduction-to-kosher-food-2122519 |title=Kosher Food 101: the Basics of Which Foods Are Kosher |work=The Spruce |access-date=12 October 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012204528/https://www.thespruce.com/introduction-to-kosher-food-2122519 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Seventh-day Adventist Church#Health and diet|Seventh-day Adventist diet]]: Combines the [[kosher foods|kosher food]] rules of Judaism with prohibitions against alcoholic beverages and (sometimes) caffeinated beverages. There is emphasis on consuming whole foods. Meat-consumption is heavily discouraged but not necessarily disallowed; about half of Adventists are [[Lacto-ovo vegetarianism|lacto-ovo-vegetarians]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.llu.edu/info/legacy/appendixc/ |title=LLUMC Legacy: Daring to Care |website=Adventist Health Study |publisher=Loma Linda University |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425235726/http://www.llu.edu/info/legacy/appendixc/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Veganism#Vegan diets, substitutions, and meat analogues|Vegan]] and [[Pescetarianism|pescetarian]] diets are also more popular among Adventists compared to the general public<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adventist Health Study-2 {{!}} Adventist Health Study |url=https://adventisthealthstudy.org/studies/AHS-2 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=adventisthealthstudy.org |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107145925/https://adventisthealthstudy.org/studies/AHS-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> but other Adventists are still willing to eat Kosher meats.
* [[Word of Wisdom (Latter Day Saints)|Word of Wisdom]] diet: The name of a section of the [[Doctrine and Covenants]], a book of scripture accepted by members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]. Dietary advice includes (1) wholesome plants "in the season thereof", (2) eating meat sparingly and only "in times of winter, or of cold, or famine", and (3) grain as the "staff of life".<ref>{{sourcetext|source=The Doctrine and Covenants|book=Doctrine and Covenants 89|verse=10–17}}</ref> Unlike injunctions against tobacco, alcohol, coffee and tea—compliance with meat-avoidance has always remained optional among [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and emphasis on refraining from meat has largely been dropped.<ref name="Alexander">[[Thomas G. Alexander]], [http://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V14N03_80.pdf "The Word of Wisdom: From Principle to Requirement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827103410/https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V14N03_80.pdf |date=27 August 2021 }}, ''[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought]]'' '''14''':3 (1981) pp. 78–88.</ref> An official church publication states, "modern methods of refrigeration now make it possible to preserve meat in any season".<ref>[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/manual/doctrine-and-covenants-student-manual/section-81-89/section-89-the-word-of-wisdom "Section 89 The Word of Wisdom"], ''Doctrine and Covenants Student Manual'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church, 2002), pp. 206–11.</ref>

==Calorie and weight control diets==
{{main|Dieting}}
A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to change dietary habits, as is a desire to maintain an existing weight. Many weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health risk, and some are not widely considered to be effective. This is especially true of "crash" or "fad" diets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/the-facts-on-fad-diets.aspx |title=The Facts on Fad Diets |website=EverydayHealth.com |access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>

Many of the diets listed below could fall into more than one subcategory. Where this is the case, it is noted in that diet's entry.

===Low-calorie diets===
{{main|Calorie restriction}}
*[[5:2 diet]]: an intermittent fasting diet
* [[Intermittent fasting]]: Cycling between non-[[fasting]] and fasting as a method of [[calorie restriction]].<ref name="Mattson">{{Cite journal |last=Mattson |first=MP |date=4 February 2014 |title=Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications |journal=Cell Metabolism |volume=19 |issue=1932–7420 |pages=181–92 |doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.008 |pmc=3946160 |pmid=24440038 |ref=Mattson}}</ref>
* [[Body for Life diet|Body for Life]]: A calorie-control diet, promoted as part of the 12-week ''Body for Life'' program.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/body-for-life |title=Body for Life Program Review: Does It Work? |language=en-US |access-date=19 September 2016 |archive-date=11 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911064224/http://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/body-for-life |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Cookie diet]]: A calorie control diet in which low-fat [[cookie]]s are eaten to quell hunger, often in place of a [[meal]].<ref>Schmall, Emily (17 November 2008). [https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/1117/062.html "Bite fight"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101163535/https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/1117/062.html |date=1 January 2018 }}. ''[[Forbes]]''. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
* [[The Hacker's Diet]]: A calorie-control diet from ''The Hacker's Diet'' by [[John Walker (programmer)|John Walker]]. The book suggests that the key to reaching and maintaining the desired weight is understanding and carefully monitoring calories consumed and used.
* [[Nutrisystem]] diet: The dietary element of the weight-loss plan from Nutrisystem, Inc. Nutrisystem distributes low-calorie meals, with specific ratios of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/nutrisystem-diet |title=How does Nutrisystem Diet work? |access-date=11 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220113844/http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/nutrisystem-diet |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Weight Watchers (diet)|Weight Watchers diet]]: Debuting in 1961,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Renee |first=Lynch |date=2015-02-28 |title=A brief timeline shows how we're gluttons for diet fads |url=https://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-diet-timeline-20150228-story.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> foods are assigned point values; dieters can eat any food with a point value provided they stay within their daily point limit.<ref>Devlin, Kate (2 September 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090131014425/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/2667898/Atkins-diet-and-Weight-Watchers-the-best-ways-to-lose-weight.html "Atkins diet and Weight Watchers 'the best ways to lose weight'"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 15 February 2012.</ref>

====Very low calorie diets====
A [[very low calorie diet]] is consuming fewer than 800 calories per day. Such diets are normally followed under the supervision of a doctor.<ref>[http://www.actabit.com/very-low-calorie-diet "Very low calorie diet for rapid weight loss"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727134854/http://www.actabit.com/very-low-calorie-diet |date=27 July 2017 }}. Calorie Counter. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> Zero-calorie diets are also included.

* [[Inedia]] (breatharian diet): A diet in which no food is consumed, based on the belief that ''[[prana]]'' but not food is necessary for human subsistence.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/454313.stm "All they need is the air"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011233641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/454313.stm |date=11 October 2007 }}. BBC News. 22 September 1999. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
* [[KE diet]] (feeding tube diet): A diet in which an individual feeds through a [[feeding tube]] and does not eat anything.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Park |first=Alice |title=Tube Feeding: What's Wrong with the Latest Wedding Crash Diet? |url=https://healthland.time.com/2012/04/18/with-this-tube-i-thee-shed-whats-wrong-with-the-latest-wedding-crash-diet/ |magazine=Time |date=18 April 2012 |access-date=18 April 2014 |archive-date=2 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002125614/http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/18/with-this-tube-i-thee-shed-whats-wrong-with-the-latest-wedding-crash-diet/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[The Last Chance Diet|The Last Chance diet]]: General premise is that the [[Dieting|dieter]] will consume only one low-calorie high protein beverage daily. This equated to no more than 400 calories per day.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Linn |first1=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PfNNfyHFU0C |title=The Last Chance Diet--when Everything Else Has Failed: Dr. Linn's Protein-sparing Fast Program |last2=Stuart |first2=Sandra Lee |date=1977 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-10490-5 |language=en |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114011453/https://books.google.com/books?id=_PfNNfyHFU0C |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-28 |title=Here's Everything About The Deadly 'Last Chance' Diet That Actually Killed People |url=https://www.mensxp.com/health/nutrition/51460-here-rsquo-s-everything-about-the-deadly-last-chance-diet-that-actually-killed-people.html |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=MensXP |language=en-IN |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725224259/https://www.mensxp.com/health/nutrition/51460-here-rsquo-s-everything-about-the-deadly-last-chance-diet-that-actually-killed-people.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tongue Patch Diet]]: Stitching a [[Marlex]] patch to the tongue to make eating painful. Daily calories are then limited to 800 per day maximum in liquid form.

===Low-carbohydrate diets===
{{main|Low-carbohydrate diet}}

* [[Atkins Nutritional Approach|Atkins diet]]: A low-carbohydrate diet, popularized by nutritionist [[Robert Atkins (nutritionist)|Robert Atkins]] in the late-20th and early-21st centuries.<ref>Witchel, Alex (27 November 1996). [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/27/garden/refighting-the-battle-of-the-bulge.html "Refighting The Battle Of the Bulge"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315071448/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/27/garden/refighting-the-battle-of-the-bulge.html? |date=15 March 2017 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved 29 October 2009.</ref> Proponents argue that this approach is a more successful way of losing weight than low-calorie diets;<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3722221.stm "Scientists endorse Atkins diet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813012331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3722221.stm |date=13 August 2017 }}. BBC News. 17 May 2004. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> critics argue that a low-carb approach poses increased health risks.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4814314.stm "Low carb diet health risk fears"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111171231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4814314.stm |date=11 January 2009 }}. BBC News. 17 March 2006. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> The Atkins diet consists of four phases (Induction, Balancing, Fine-Tuning and Maintenance) with a gradual increase in consumption of carbohydrates as the person goes through the phases.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://atkinsdietphase1.strikingly.com/#what-is-atkins-diet |title=What is Atkins Diet? |access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Dukan Diet]]: A multi-step diet based on high protein and limited carbohydrate consumption. It starts with two steps intended to facilitate short term weight loss, followed by two steps intended to consolidate these losses and return to a more balanced long-term diet.<ref>Samuel, Henry (1 June 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605223451/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/8548144/The-four-stages-of-the-Dukan-diet.html "The four stages of the Dukan diet"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 14 February 2011.</ref>
*[[Kimkins]]: A heavily promoted diet for weight loss, found to be fraudulent.
*[[South Beach Diet]]: Diet developed by the Miami-based cardiologist Arthur Agatston in 2003,<ref name=":1" /> who says that the key to losing weight quickly and getting healthy is not cutting all carbohydrates and fats from the diet, but choosing the right carbs and the right fats.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/south-beach-diet-what-it-is |title=The South Beach Diet |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132601/http://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/south-beach-diet-what-it-is |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Stillman diet]]: A carbohydrate-restricted diet that predates the Atkins diet, allowing consumption of specific food ingredients.

===Low-fat diets===
{{main|Low-fat diet}}

*McDougall's starch diet is a high calorie, high fiber, low fat diet that is based on starches such as potatoes, rice, and beans which excludes all animal foods and added vegetable oils. [[John A. McDougall]] draws on historical observation of how many civilizations around the world throughout time have thrived on starch foods.

==Crash diets==
<!--Entries in this section MUST have a reliable source describing them as crash or fad diets-->
[[Crash diet]]s are [[very-low-calorie diet]]s used for the purpose of very fast [[weight loss]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/how-to-diet/ |title=How to diet |date=27 April 2018 |website=nhs.uk |publisher=NHS |language=en |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=22 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122105610/https://www.nhs.uk/livewell/loseweight/Pages/how-to-diet.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/crash_diet_test |title=Take the test: Is an 800-calorie diet right for me? |website=BBC Food |language=en |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618145752/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/crash_diet_test |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/healthy-eating/a25288668/are-crash-diets-bad-for-you/ |title=Are crash diets ever a good idea for weight loss? |last=Bonet |first=Anna |date=28 November 2018 |website=Netdoctor |quote='A crash diet is typically a very low-calorie diet, where you eat a very restrictively for a short period of time,' explains Registered Dietician, Helen Bond. |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707010239/https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/healthy-eating/a25288668/are-crash-diets-bad-for-you/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They describe diet plans that involve making extreme, rapid changes to food consumption, but are also used as disparaging terms for common eating habits which are considered unhealthy. This diet is dangerous and can lead to sudden death when not done in a medically supervised setting.<ref name="Isner1979">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Isner JM, Sours HE, Paris AL, Ferrans VJ, Roberts WC |date=December 1979 |title=Sudden, unexpected death in avid dieters using the liquid-protein-modified-fast diet. Observations in 17 patients and the role of the prolonged QT interval |journal=Circulation |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=1401–12 |doi=10.1161/01.cir.60.6.1401 |pmid=498466 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Sours1981">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sours HE, Frattali VP, Brand CD, Feldman RA, Forbes AL, Swanson RC, Paris AL |date=April 1981 |title=Sudden death associated with very low calorie weight reduction regimens |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=453–61 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/34.4.453 |pmid=7223697|doi-access=free }}</ref> Several diets listed here are weight-loss diets which would also fit into other sections of this list. Where this is the case, it will be noted in that diet's entry.
* [[Beverly Hills Diet]]:  An extreme diet from 1981 which has only fruits in the first days, gradually increasing the selection of foods up to the sixth week.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.everydiet.org/diet/new-beverly-hills-diet |title=New Beverly Hills Diet |publisher=EveryDiet.org |access-date=29 April 2012 |quote=The original Beverly Hills diet was published in 1981 and is regarded by many as being the first fad diet. |archive-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117024528/http://www.everydiet.org/diet/new-beverly-hills-diet |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" />
* [[Cabbage soup diet]]: A low-calorie diet based on heavy consumption of [[cabbage]] soup. Considered a fad diet.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1309282.stm "Health risk of 'faddy diets'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212104454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1309282.stm |date=12 February 2007 }}. BBC News. 2 May 2001. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
* [[Grapefruit diet]]: A fad diet begun in 1930, intended to facilitate weight loss, in which grapefruit is consumed in large quantities at meal times.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7978418.stm "Grapefruit diet 'put leg at risk'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313201741/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7978418.stm |date=13 March 2020 }}. BBC News. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Monotrophic diet]]: A diet that involves eating only one food item, or one type of food, for a period of time to achieve a desired weight reduction.
* [[Subway diet]]: A crash diet<ref name=guardiansubway/> in which a person consumes Subway sandwiches in place of higher calorie fast foods. Made famous by convicted sex offender and former obese student [[Jared Fogle]], who lost 245 pounds after replacing his meals with Subway sandwiches as part of an effort to lose weight.<ref name="guardiansubway">Kingsley, Patrick (10 March 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/mar/09/subway-biggest-fast-food-chain "How a sandwich franchise ousted McDonald's"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211040446/http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2011/mar/09/subway-biggest-fast-food-chain |date=11 February 2013 }}. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>

==Detox diets==
[[Detox diet]]s involve either not consuming or attempting to flush out substances that are considered unhelpful or harmful. Examples include restricting food consumption to foods without colorings or preservatives, taking supplements, or drinking large amounts of water. The latter practice in particular has drawn criticism, as drinking significantly more water than recommended levels can cause [[hyponatremia]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7520756.stm "Woman left brain damaged by detox"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731062649/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7520756.stm |date=31 July 2017 }}. BBC News. 23 July 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> There is no scientific evidence of any benefit from detox diets, and so they are considered to be [[pseudoscientific]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-dubious-practice-of-detox |title="The Dubious Practice of Detox" Harvard Health. 1 May 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2023. |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112116/https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-dubious-practice-of-detox |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_great_8220detox8221_deception/ |title="The Great "Detox" Deception" Nature. 10 July 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2023. |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701010159/https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_great_8220detox8221_deception/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* [[Juice fasting]]: A form of detox diet, in which nutrition is obtained solely from fruit and vegetable juices. The health implications of such diets are disputed.<ref>Moores, Susan. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18595886 "Experts warn of detox diet dangers"] . [[NBC News]]. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Master Cleanse]]: A modified juice fast that substitutes tea and lemonade for food.

==Diets followed for medical reasons==
People's dietary choices are sometimes affected by [[food intolerance|intolerance]] or [[food allergy|allergy]] to certain types of food. There are also dietary patterns that might be recommended, prescribed or administered by medical professionals for people with specific medical needs.
* [[DASH diet]] (Dietary Approaches to Stop [[Hypertension]]): A recommendation that those with high [[blood pressure]] consume large quantities of fruits, vegetables, whole-grains and low fat dairy foods as part of their diet, and avoid sugar sweetened foods, red meat and fats. Promoted by the [[US Department of Health and Human Services]], a United States government organisation.<ref name="dashguide">[http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/new_dash.pdf "Your guide to lowering your blood pressure with DASH"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729122945/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/new_dash.pdf |date=29 July 2013 }}. [[US Department of Health and Human Services]]. April 2006. Retrieved 28 December 2011.</ref>
* [[Diabetic diet]]: An umbrella term for diets recommended to people with [[diabetes]]. There is considerable disagreement in the scientific community as to what sort of diet is best for people with diabetes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Defeudis |first1= G. |last2= Khazrai |first2= Y.M. |last3= Pozzilli |first3= P. |date= 2014 |title= Effect if diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review |url= https://drkhezrian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/khazrai2014.pdf |journal= Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews |volume= 30 |pages= 24–33 |doi= 10.1002/dmrr.2515 |pmid= 24352832 |s2cid= 37628378 |accessdate= 2023-01-13 |archive-date= 13 January 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230113135413/https://drkhezrian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/khazrai2014.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>
* [[Elemental diet]]: A medical, liquid-only diet, in which liquid nutrients are consumed for ease of ingestion.<ref>[http://foodhospital.channel4.com/foods/elemental-diet/ "Elemental diet"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206111201/http://foodhospital.channel4.com/foods/elemental-diet |date=6 February 2012 }}. ''Food Hospital''. [[Channel 4]]. Retrieved 14 February 2012.</ref>
* [[Elimination diet]]: A method of identifying foods which cause a person adverse effects, by process of elimination.<ref>[http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Allergies/Pages/Eliminationdiet.aspx "The elimination diet"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209011044/http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Allergies/Pages/Eliminationdiet.aspx |date=9 February 2012 }}. [[National Health Service]]. 12 January 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2012.</ref>
* [[Gluten-free diet]]: A diet which avoids the protein [[gluten]], which is found in barley, rye and wheat. It is a medical treatment for [[gluten-related disorders]], which include [[coeliac disease]], [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]], [[gluten ataxia]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]] and [[wheat allergy]].<ref name="LudvigssonLeffler2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ludvigsson JF, Leffler DA, Bai JC, Biagi F, Fasano A, Green PH, Hadjivassiliou M, Kaukinen K, Kelly CP, Leonard JN, Lundin KE, Murray JA, Sanders DS, Walker MM, Zingone F, Ciacci C |date=January 2013 |title=The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms |journal=Gut |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=43–52 |doi=10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301346 |pmc=3440559 |pmid=22345659}}</ref><ref name="VoltaCaio2015Quotation">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Volta U, Caio G, De Giorgio R, Henriksen C, Skodje G, Lundin KE |date=Jun 2015 |title=Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=477–91 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.006 |pmid=26060112 |quote=After the confirmation of [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity|NCGS]] diagnosis, according to the previously mentioned work-up, patients are advized to start with a GFD [49]. (...) NCGS patients can experience more symptoms than CD patients following a short gluten challenge [77]. ''(NCGS=non-celiac gluten sensitivity; CD=coeliac disease; GFD=gluten-free diet)''}}</ref><ref name="MulderWanrooijQuotation">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mulder CJ, van Wanrooij RL, Bakker SF, Wierdsma N, Bouma G |year=2013 |title=Gluten-free diet in gluten-related disorders |journal=Dig. Dis. |type=Review |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=57–62 |doi=10.1159/000347180 |pmid=23797124 |s2cid=14124370 |quote=The only treatment for [[coeliac disease|CD]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]] (DH) and [[gluten ataxia]] is lifelong adherence to a [[gluten-free diet|GFD]].}}</ref><ref name="HischenhuberCrevelQuotation">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R |date=1 March 2006 |title=Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease |journal=Aliment Pharmacol Ther |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=559–75 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x |pmid=16480395 |s2cid=9970042 |quote=For both [[wheat allergy]] and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment.|doi-access= }}</ref>
* [[Gluten-free, casein-free diet]]: A gluten-free diet which also avoids [[casein]], a protein commonly found in milk and cheese. This diet has been researched for efficacy in treatment of autism spectrum disorder.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Klaus W. |last2=Hauser |first2=Joachim |last3=Reissmann |first3=Andreas |title=Gluten-free and casein-free diets in the therapy of autism |journal=Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care |date=November 2015 |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=572–575 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000228 |pmid=26418822 |s2cid=271720 }}</ref>
* Healthy kidney diet: This diet is for those impacted with chronic kidney disease, those with only one kidney, those who have a kidney infection and those who may be suffering from some other kidney failure.<ref name="Nutrition">{{cite web|url=http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic_nutrition-diet.cfm|title=Nutrition|date=14 October 2014|access-date=25 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628031852/http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozTopic_Nutrition-Diet.cfm|archive-date=28 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> This diet is not the dialysis diet,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cg/dialysis-diet.html|title=Dialysis Diet|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=26 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526181201/http://www.drugs.com/cg/dialysis-diet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> which is completely different. The healthy kidney diet restricts large amounts of protein, which are hard for the kidney to break down, but especially limits potassium and phosphorus-rich foods and beverages. Liquid intake is often limited as well.<ref name="Nutrition" /><ref name="American Kidney Fund 2021">{{cite web |title=Kidney-friendly eating plan |website=American Kidney Fund |date=2021-12-01 |url=https://www.kidneyfund.org/living-kidney-disease/healthy-eating-activity/kidney-friendly-eating-plan |access-date=2023-11-17 |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610001623/https://www.kidneyfund.org/living-kidney-disease/healthy-eating-activity/kidney-friendly-eating-plan |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Ketogenic diet]]: A high-fat, low-carb diet, in which dietary and body fat is converted into energy. It is used as a medical treatment for refractory [[epilepsy]].<ref name=Huffman2006>{{cite journal|vauthors=Huffman J, Kossoff EH |date=Jul 2006 |title=State of the ketogenic diet(s) in epilepsy |url=http://www.matthewsfriends.org/jh/CurrentNNKossoff.pdf |journal=Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=332–40 |pmid=16822355 |doi=10.1007/s11910-006-0027-6 |s2cid=2563541 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201104446/http://www.matthewsfriends.org/jh/CurrentNNKossoff.pdf |archive-date=1 December 2006 }}</ref>
* [[Liquid diet]]: A diet in which only liquids are consumed. May be administered by clinicians for medical reasons, such as after a gastric bypass<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4322835.stm "Maradona has surgery on stomach"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222000210/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4322835.stm |date=22 December 2006 }}. BBC Sport. 6 March 2005. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref> or to prevent death through starvation from a hunger strike.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11685044 "India woman's 10-year fast against anti-insurgent law"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217201521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11685044 |date=17 February 2019 }}. BBC News. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Low-FODMAP diet]]: A diet that consists in the global restriction of all fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs).
* [[Soft diet]]
* [[Specific carbohydrate diet]]: A diet that aims to restrict the intake of complex carbohydrates such as found in grains and complex sugars.<ref name=brown>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Amy C |last2=Roy |first2=Minakshi |title=Does evidence exist to include dietary therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease? |journal=Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology |date=April 2010 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=191–215 |doi=10.1586/egh.10.11 |pmid=20350266 |s2cid=207210268 }}</ref>

== Fad diets ==

{{main|Fad diet}}
A [[fad diet]] is a [[Dieting|diet]] that is popular for a time, similar to [[fad]]s in fashion, without being a standard dietary recommendation, and often promising unreasonably fast weight loss or nonsensical health improvements.<ref name="Hart2018">{{cite book |last1=Hart |first1=Katherine |editor1-last=Hankey |editor1-first=Catherine |title=Advanced nutrition and dietetics in obesity |date=2018 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=9780470670767 |pages=177–182 |language=en |chapter=4.6 Fad diets and fasting for weight loss in obesity.}}</ref><ref name="Hanky2017">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ky5ADwAAQBAJ|title=Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity|last=Hankey|first=Catherine|date=23 November 2017|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118857977|pages=179–181|language=en|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=12 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112191551/https://books.google.com/books?id=ky5ADwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bda">{{cite web|url=https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/faddiets.pdf|title=Fact Sheet—Fad diets|year=2014|publisher=British Dietetic Association|access-date=12 December 2015|quote=Fad-diets can be tempting as they offer a quick-fix to a long-term problem.|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822162710/https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/faddiets.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Oxford2013">{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America|last=Kraig|first=Bruce|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780199734962|location=Oxford|pages=623–626}}</ref><ref name="Zoumbaris2014">{{cite book |last1=Zoumbaris |first1=Sharon K. |last2=Bijlefeld |first2=Marjolijn |title=Encyclopedia of diet fads : understanding science and society |publisher=Greenwood |date=25 November 2014 |isbn=9781610697606 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jq2BQAAQBAJ |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005121223/https://books.google.com/books?id=4jq2BQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> There is no single definition of what a fad diet is, encompassing a variety of diets with different approaches and evidence bases, and thus different outcomes, advantages and disadvantages,<ref name="Hanky2017" /> and it is ever-changing.<ref name=Hart2018/><ref name="Hanky2017" /> Generally, fad diets promise short-term changes with little effort, and thus may lack educating consumers about whole-diet, whole lifestyle changes necessary for sustainable health benefits.<ref name="Hart2018" /><ref name="Hanky2017" /><ref name="Williams2013">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vH1EAgAAQBAJ|title=Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy|last=Williams|first=William F.|date=2 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135955229|pages=107–108|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Shick1998">{{cite journal |author=Shick SM, Wing RR, Klem ML, McGuire MT, Hill JO, Seagle H |title=Persons successful at long-term weight loss and maintenance continue to consume a low-energy, low-fat diet |journal=J Am Diet Assoc |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=408–13 |date=April 1998 |pmid=9550162 |doi=10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00093-5|last2=Wing |last3=Klem |last4=McGuire |last5=Hill |last6=Seagle }}</ref> Fad diets are often promoted with exaggerated claims, such as rapid [[weight loss]] of more than 1&nbsp;kg/week or improving health by "detoxification", or even dangerous claims.<ref name="Hanky2017" /><ref name="bda" /><ref name="phn">{{cite book |editor=Gibney MJ |author=Flynn MAT |work=Public Health Nutrition |title=Chapter 14: Fear of Fatness and Fad Slimming Diets |year=2004 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-69332-2 |pages=236–246}}</ref><ref name="katz">{{cite journal |vauthors=Katz DL, Meller S |title=Can we say what diet is best for health? |journal=Annu Rev Public Health |volume=35 |pages=83–103 |year=2014 |pmid=24641555 |doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182351 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Since the "fad" qualification varies over time, social, cultural and subjective view, this list cannot be exhaustive,<ref name=Hart2018/> and fad diets may continue or stop being fads, such as the [[Mediterranean diet]].<ref name="BrownIsaacs2010">{{cite book|vauthors=Brown JE, Isaacs J, Krinke B, Lechtenberg E, Murtaugh M|title=Nutrition Through the Life Cycle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaI8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA410|year=2011|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-00816-3|page=410|edition=4th}}</ref> Some of them have therapeutic indications, such as epilepsy or obesity,<ref name="EatrightKeto">{{cite web |title=What is the Ketogenic Diet |url=https://www.eatright.org/health/weight-loss/fad-diets/what-is-the-ketogenic-diet |website=eatright.org |language=en |date=April 2019 |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428215913/https://www.eatright.org/health/weight-loss/fad-diets/what-is-the-ketogenic-diet |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="USGuidelines2013">{{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=Michael D. |last2=Ryan |first2=Donna H. |last3=Apovian |first3=Caroline M. |last4=Ard |first4=Jamy D. |last5=Comuzzie |first5=Anthony G. |last6=Donato |first6=Karen A. |last7=Hu |first7=Frank B. |last8=Hubbard |first8=Van S. |last9=Jakicic |first9=John M. |last10=Kushner |first10=Robert F. |last11=Loria |first11=Catherine M. |last12=Millen |first12=Barbara E. |last13=Nonas |first13=Cathy A. |last14=Pi-Sunyer |first14=F. Xavier |last15=Stevens |first15=June |last16=Stevens |first16=Victor J. |last17=Wadden |first17=Thomas A. |last18=Wolfe |first18=Bruce M. |last19=Yanovski |first19=Susan Z. |last20=Jordan |first20=Harmon S. |last21=Kendall |first21=Karima A. |last22=Lux |first22=Linda J. |last23=Mentor-Marcel |first23=Roycelynn |last24=Morgan |first24=Laura C. |last25=Trisolini |first25=Michael G. |last26=Wnek |first26=Janusz |last27=Anderson |first27=Jeffrey L. |last28=Halperin |first28=Jonathan L. |last29=Albert |first29=Nancy M. |last30=Bozkurt |first30=Biykem |last31=Brindis |first31=Ralph G. |last32=Curtis |first32=Lesley H. |author33-link=David DeMets |last33=DeMets |first33=David |last34=Hochman |first34=Judith S. |last35=Kovacs |first35=Richard J. |last36=Ohman |first36=E. Magnus |last37=Pressler |first37=Susan J. |last38=Sellke |first38=Frank W. |last39=Shen |first39=Win-Kuang |last40=Smith |first40=Sidney C. |last41=Tomaselli |first41=Gordon F. |title=2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults |journal=Circulation |date=24 June 2014 |volume=129 |issue=25 Suppl 2 |pages=S102–S138 |doi=10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee |pmid=24222017 |pmc=5819889 |type=Professional society guideline }}</ref> and there is no one-size-fits-all diet that would be a panacea for everyone to lose weight or look better.<ref name=Hart2018/><ref name="Hanky2017" /> Dieticians are a regulated profession that can distinguish nutritionally sound diets from unhealthy ones.<ref name=bda/>
<!-- Instead of removing when a diet stops being a fad, consider finding a historical source and moving to the Fad_diet#History section - also consider that fads are temporally often cyclic in fad diets -->

=== Food-specific diets ===
*[[Alkaline diet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/alkaline-diets|title=Alkaline Diets|last1=Collins|first1=Sonya|website=WebMD|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504031658/https://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/alkaline-diets|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Baby food]] diet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/baby-food-diet|title=The Baby Food Diet Review|last1=Wait|first1=Mariane|website=WebMD|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225115526/https://www.webmd.com/diet/a-z/baby-food-diet|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Banana and [[skim milk]] diet, a 1934 fad in the US, supported by a banana importer.<ref name=":1" />
*[[Cabbage soup diet]], a recurring fad diet that dates back to the 1950s<ref name="NHS2018">{{cite web |title=How to diet |url=https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/how-to-diet/ |website=nhs.uk |language=en |date=27 April 2018 |publisher=NHS |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=22 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122105610/https://www.nhs.uk/livewell/loseweight/Pages/how-to-diet.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="globe">Crosariol, Beppi. 9 January 2014,''The Globe and Mail'', "[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/wine/feeling-frugal-after-the-holidays-try-these-11-affordable-wines/article16188101/ Feeling frugal after the holidays? Try these 11 affordable wines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130205242/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/wine/feeling-frugal-after-the-holidays-try-these-11-affordable-wines/article16188101/ |date=30 November 2020 }}". Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref><ref name=":1" />
*[[Carnivore diet]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Carnivore diet: Definition, benefits, and risks|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/carnivore-diet|access-date=2021-04-04|website=www.medicalnewstoday.com|language=en|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413012755/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/carnivore-diet|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Clean eating]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/11/why-we-fell-for-clean-eating |title=Why we fell for clean eating |last=Wilson |first=Bee |date=11 August 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en-GB |archive-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308133441/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/11/why-we-fell-for-clean-eating |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Cookie diet]]<ref>Bix, Cynthia Overbeck. (2015). ''Fad Mania!: A History of American Crazes. Twenty-First Century Books''. p. 43. {{ISBN|978-1-4677-1034-3}}</ref> 
*[[Egg and wine diet]]<ref>[https://www.morefm.co.nz/home/trending/2018/08/experts-warn-against-the-controversial--egg-and-wine-diet-.html "Experts warn against the controversial 'egg and wine diet'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205225608/https://www.morefm.co.nz/home/trending/2018/08/experts-warn-against-the-controversial--egg-and-wine-diet-.html |date=5 December 2019 }}. Retrieved 5 December 2019.</ref> 
*[[Food combining|Food combining diet]]: A nutritional approach where certain food types are deliberately consumed together or separately. For instance, some weight control diets suggest that proteins and carbohydrates should not be consumed in the same meal.<ref name=sophisticated/>
*[[Fit for Life|Fit for Life diet]]: Recommendations include not combining protein and carbohydrates, not drinking water at meal time, and avoiding dairy foods.<ref name=gale>{{cite book|first=Tish|last=Davidson|chapter=Fit for Life diet|title=The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health and Nutrition |editor=Longe, Jacqueline L.|publisher=[[Thomson Gale|Gale, Thomson]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-4144-2991-5|pages=383–385}}</ref><ref name="famdoc">{{cite web |url=https://familydoctor.org/nutrition-weight-loss-need-know-fad-diets/ |title=Nutrition for Weight Loss: What You Need to Know About Fad Diets |publisher=familydoctor.org |date=August 2016 |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=28 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328141045/https://familydoctor.org/nutrition-weight-loss-need-know-fad-diets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Fruitarianism]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Forbes |first1=G. B. |title=Food Fads: Safe Feeding of Children |journal=Pediatrics in Review |date=1 January 1980 |volume=1 |issue=7 |pages=207–210 |doi=10.1542/pir.1-7-207 |s2cid=73160797 }}.</ref>
*[[Gluten free diet]], while essential for people with [[celiac disease]] or [[gluten sensitivity]], has also become a fad.<ref name="LebwoholLudvigsson-quotation">{{cite journal|vauthors=Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH|date=Oct 2015|title=Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity|journal=BMJ|type=Review|volume=351|pages=h4347|doi=10.1136/bmj.h4347|pmc=4596973|pmid=26438584|quote=Some population groups seem to be especially wed to the gluten-free diet, with nearly 50% of 910 athletes (including world class and Olympic medalists) adhering to a gluten-free diet, mainly because of the perceived health and energy benefits.}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">[http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/04/gluten-free-whether-you-need-it-or-not/ Gluten-Free, Whether You Need It or Not] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312185630/http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/04/gluten-free-whether-you-need-it-or-not/ |date=12 March 2021 }}. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref name="CBS">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gluten-free-diet-fad-are-celiac-disease-rates-actually-rising/|title=Gluten-free diet fad: Are celiac disease rates actually rising?|date=31 July 2012|publisher=CBS News|quote=People buy gluten-free food "because they think it will help them lose weight, because they seem to feel better or because they mistakenly believe they are sensitive to gluten."|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=12 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112081316/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57483789-10391704/gluten-free-diet-fad-are-celiac-disease-rates-actually-rising/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Grapefruit diet]]<ref name="globe" /><ref name="KYfad">{{cite web |url=http://www2.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/factshts/fn-ssb.119.pdf |last1=Bastin |first1=Sandra |title=Fad Diets |publisher=University of Kentucky Extension Service |date=March 2004 |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721092734/http://www2.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/factshts/fn-ssb.119.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Lamb chop and pineapple diet]]<ref>Addison, Heather. (2000). ''Hollywood, Consumer Culture, and the Rise of "Body Shaping"''. In David Desser, Garth Jowett. ''Hollywood Goes Shopping''. University of Minnesota Press. p. 22. {{ISBN|0-8166-3512-9}}</ref> 
*[[Macrobiotics]], a fad diet in the 1960s<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name=":1" />
*[[Morning banana diet]]<ref>Toyama, Michiko. ''Time'', 17 October 2008, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081018222843/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1850454,00.html Japan Goes Bananas for a New Diet]" Accessed 1 July 2011.</ref>
*[[Mucusless Diet]]<ref>Butler, Kurt; Rayner, Lynn. (1985). ''The Best Medicine: The Complete Health and Preventive Medicine Handbook''. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco. pp. 133–135. {{ISBN|0-06-250123-2}}</ref><ref>Howard, Rosanne Beatrice; Herbold, Nancie Harvey. (1978). ''Nutrition in Clinical Care''. McGraw-Hill. p. 276. {{ISBN|978-0070305458}}</ref> 
*[[Paleolithic diet]]: Can refer either to the eating habits of humans during the [[Paleolithic]] era, or of modern dietary plans purporting to be based on these habits.<ref>{{cite web|author=NHS|date=9 May 2008|title=Caveman fad diet|url=http://www.nhs.uk/news/2008/05May/Pages/Cavemanfaddiet.aspx|website=nhs.uk|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=25 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725212012/http://www.nhs.uk/news/2008/05May/Pages/Cavemanfaddiet.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frassetto |first1=L A |last2=Schloetter |first2=M |last3=Mietus-Synder |first3=M |last4=Morris |first4=R C |last5=Sebastian |first5=A |title=Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet |journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition |date=August 2009 |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=947–955 |doi=10.1038/ejcn.2009.4 |pmid=19209185 |s2cid=7434149 |doi-access=free }}</ref>  The modern version was popular in the 2010s.<ref name=":1" />
*[[Mark Hyman (doctor)#Peganism|Pegan diet]] 
*[[Rhubarb diet]]
*[[Superfood]] diet
*[[Whole30]] diet<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.foodinsight.org/whole30-diet-review-health |title=Fad Diets: The Whole30 |publisher=International Food Information Council Foundation |date=25 July 2017 |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003123453/https://www.foodinsight.org/whole30-diet-review-health |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Low-carbohydrate / high-fat diets ===
*[[Low-carbohydrate diet]]<ref name="globe" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.umich.edu/cvc/pdf/FadLowCarbDiet.pdf |title=Fad diets: Low Carbohydrate Diet Summaries |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128174057/http://www.med.umich.edu/cvc/pdf/FadLowCarbDiet.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Atkins diet]], from 1994<ref name="KYfad" /><ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="matters">{{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=June |title=Fad diets: Slim on good nutrition |journal=Nursing |date=December 2004 |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=22–23 |doi=10.1097/00152193-200412000-00016 |pmid=15617206 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1" />
*[[Bulletproof diet]]<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/the-bulletproof-diet-simplistic-invalid-and-unscientific/ "The Bulletproof Diet: simplistic, invalid and unscientific"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309133248/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/the-bulletproof-diet-simplistic-invalid-and-unscientific/ |date=9 March 2020 }}. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref> 
*[[Drinking Man's Diet]], publicized in 1964 and promoting a high-fat, low-carb diet with alcoholic beverages<ref>Tunc, Tanfer Emin. (2018). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20549547.2018.1434353?journalCode=rfgf20 ''The “Mad Men” of Nutrition: The Drinking Man’s Diet and Mid-Twentieth-Century American Masculinity''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215190148/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20549547.2018.1434353?journalCode=rfgf20 |date=15 December 2019 }}. ''Global Food History'' 4 (2): 189–206.</ref>
*[[Dukan Diet]]<ref name="webmd" />
*[[Hamptons Diet]]<ref>Rastogi, Shweta. (2010). ''Eat Right To Stay Bright: Manage Diet To Manage Disease''. Popular Prakashan. p. 63. {{ISBN|978-81-7991-582-0}}</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/eat-beet-lose-pounds-and-five-other-dietary-fads-5351453.html "Eat beet, lose pounds (and five other dietary fads)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222193738/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/eat-beet-lose-pounds-and-five-other-dietary-fads-5351453.html |date=22 December 2019 }}. Retrieved 22 December 2019.</ref> 
*"Keto" or [[Low-carbohydrate diet#Ketogenic diet|ketogenic diet]] (but for the purpose of weight loss instead of epilepsy seizures reduction)<ref name="EatrightKeto" /><ref name=bda-2018>{{cite web |publisher=British Dietetic Association |title=Top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2018 |date=7 December 2017 |url=https://www.bda.uk.com/news/view?id=195 |quote=The British Dietetic Association (BDA) today revealed its much-anticipated annual list of celebrity diets to avoid in 2018. The line-up this year includes Raw Vegan, Alkaline, Pioppi and Ketogenic diets as well as Katie Price's Nutritional Supplements. |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229193022/https://www.bda.uk.com/news/view?id=195 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/ketogenic-diet-is-the-ultimate-low-carb-diet-good-for-you-2017072712089|title=Ketogenic diet: Is the ultimate low-carb diet good for you?|last=MD|first=Marcelo Campos|date=27 July 2017|website=Harvard Health Blog|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009043259/https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/ketogenic-diet-is-the-ultimate-low-carb-diet-good-for-you-2017072712089|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Pioppi Diet]]<ref name="bda2018">{{cite web |publisher=British Dietetic Association |title=Top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2018 |date=7 December 2017 |url=https://www.bda.uk.com/news/view?id=195 |author=British Dietetic Association |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229193022/https://www.bda.uk.com/news/view?id=195 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Protein Power]]<ref>Stare, Fredrick John; Whelan, Elizabeth M. (1998). ''Protein Power by Michael R. Eades, M.D., and Mary Dan Eades, M.D.'' In ''Fad-Free Nutrition''. Hunter House Inc. pp. 205–207. {{ISBN|0-89793-237-4}}</ref>
*[[Rosedale diet]]<ref name=sbm>{{cite web |author=Harriet Hall |date=2 June 2015 |publisher=[[Science-Based Medicine]] |title=The Rosedale Diet: Here We Go Again |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/the-rosedale-diet-here-we-go-again/ |access-date=25 July 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725134602/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/the-rosedale-diet-here-we-go-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Salisbury diet]]<ref>Akis, Eric. (2017). [https://www.timescolonist.com/life/food-drink/eric-akis-the-original-low-carb-diet-1.10086154 "The original low-carb diet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021161203/https://www.timescolonist.com/life/food-drink/eric-akis-the-original-low-carb-diet-1.10086154 |date=21 October 2019 }}. ''[[Times Colonist]]''. Retrieved 2 December 2018.</ref>
*[[Stillman diet]]<ref>Kuske, Terrence T. ''Quackery and Fad Diets''. In Elaine B. Feldman. (1983). ''Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years''. John Wright & Sons. p. 297. {{ISBN|0-7236-7046-3}}</ref>
*[[Sugar Busters]]<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="matters" />
*[[Zone diet]]: A diet in first published in 1995 which a person attempts to split calorie intake from carbohydrates, proteins and fats in a 40:30:30 ratio.<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="KYfad" /><ref name=bbcatkins>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6422619.stm "Study backs worth of Atkins diet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313045354/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6422619.stm |date=13 March 2007 }}. BBC News. 7 March 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref><ref name=":1" />
* Other high-fat variants.
*[[Scarsdale medical diet]]<ref name="KYfad" /><ref name="StJames">Tina Gianoulis, "Dieting" in the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Ed. Thomas Riggs. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Detroit: St. James Press, 2013. p106-108. {{ISBN|978-1-55862-847-2}}</ref><ref>[http://www2.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/factshts/fn-ssb.119.pdf Fad Diets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721092734/http://www2.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/factshts/fn-ssb.119.pdf |date=21 July 2020 }} Sandra Bastin, Ph.D., R.D., L.D. Cooperative Extension Service. University of Kentucky – College of Agriculture. March 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2015</ref><ref>Jane E Brody for the New York Times. 3 June 1981 [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/03/garden/personal-health-another-entry-in-the-anals-of-fad-diets.html?pagewanted=all Personal Health: Another Entry in the Annals of Fad Diets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608135054/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/03/garden/personal-health-another-entry-in-the-anals-of-fad-diets.html?pagewanted=all |date=8 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>Southern Nevada Health District. 2015 [http://www.gethealthyclarkcounty.org/spotlights/80s-fad-diets.php Back to the 80s: Fad Diets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618074935/http://www.gethealthyclarkcounty.org/spotlights/80s-fad-diets.php |date=18 June 2017 }}</ref>
*[[South Beach Diet]]<ref name="KYfad" /><ref name="DeBruyne">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaEKAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT209|title=Chapter 7: Nutrition in practice — fad diets|vauthors=DeBruyne L, Pinna K, Whitney E|work=Nutrition and Diet Therapy|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2011|isbn=978-1-133-71550-4|edition=8th|page=209|quote='a fad diet by any other name would still be a fad diet.' And the names are legion: the Atkins Diet, the Cheater's Diet, the South Beach Diet, the Zone Diet. Year after year, 'new and improved' diets appear ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=People to watch |journal=Nature Medicine |date=January 2006 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=29 |doi=10.1038/nm0106-29 |s2cid=26068107 |quote=James Hill wants Americans to shed pounds. But instead of promoting any one fad diet, he embraces most--Atkins, South Beach, grapefruit-only--as relatively effective ways to lose weight. }}</ref>
*[[The 4-Hour Body]]<ref>Hiatt, Kurtis. 1 March 2011, ''U.S. News & World Report'', "[http://health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-fitness/diet/articles/2011/03/01/the-4-hour-bodydoes-it-deliver-results 'The 4-Hour Body'—Does It Deliver Results?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221102201/http://health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-fitness/diet/articles/2011/03/01/the-4-hour-bodydoes-it-deliver-results |date=21 February 2014 }}".</ref>

===High-carbohydrate / low-fat diets===
*[[F-plan]]<ref>Speakman, John R. (2003). ''Obesity:- Part three – failed solutions and new ideas''. ''Biologist'' 50 (3): 1–6.</ref>
*[[Ornish diet]]<ref name="famdoc" /><ref>Ayers, Suzan F; Sariscsany, Mary Jo. (2011). ''Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness: The Physical Best Teacher's Guide''. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. p. 65. {{ISBN|978-0-7360-8116-0}}</ref> 
*[[McDougall diet]]<ref name=free>{{cite book |author=Stare FJ, Whelan EM |title=Fad-Free Nutrition |publisher=Hunter House |year=1998 |isbn=9780897932363 |chapter=Book review:The McDougall Program for Maximum Weight Loss by John A. McDougall M.D. |pages=202–203 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTCA8hYgQfkC&pg=PA203}}</ref>· 
*[[Pritikin Diet]]: A diet which focuses on the consumption of unprocessed food.<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="globe" /><ref name="Alters2012">{{cite book |vauthors=Alters S, Schiff W |work=Essential Concepts for Healthy Living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VegUiVbruBMC&pg=PA327 |date=22 February 2012 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |isbn=978-1-4496-3062-1 |page=327 |edition=Sixth |title=Chapter 10: Body Weight and Its Management}}</ref>
*[[Rice diet]]<ref name="Alters2012"/>
*[[The Good Carbohydrate Revolution]]<ref name="famdoc" />

=== Liquid diets ===
*[[Liquid diet]]s
*[[Cambridge Diet]]<ref name="famdoc" />
*[[Slim-Fast]]<ref name="famdoc" />
*[[KE diet]]

=== Fasting ===
*[[5:2 diet]]<ref name="NHS2018" />
*[[Inedia|Breatharian diet]]: A diet based on a belief that people can sustain with spirituality and sunlight alone, but leads to starvation and devotees have been spotted eating and drinking in hiding.<ref name="Wdowik2017">{{cite web |last1=Wdowik |first1=Melissa |title=The long, strange history of dieting fads |url=https://theconversation.com/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads-82294 |website=The Conversation |access-date=21 October 2019 |language=en |date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018184441/http://theconversation.com/the-long-strange-history-of-dieting-fads-82294 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 5 Worst Celebrity Diets to Avoid in 2014 |url=https://www.bda.uk.com/news/131125BadDiets.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322130340/https://www.bda.uk.com/news/131125BadDiets.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2014 |website=bda.uk.com |date=22 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[Dubrow Diet]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0119p10.shtml |title=Ask the Expert: Fad Diets in 2019 By Toby Amidor, MS, RD, CDN Today's Dietitian Vol. 21, No. 1, P. 10 |access-date=18 December 2019 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030213424/https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0119p10.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Intermittent fasting]]<ref name="Hart2018"/>
*[[Juice fasting]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Do Juice Cleanses Work? 10 Truths About The Fad |date=27 May 2015 |work=HuffPost |author=Valiant M |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/03/22/do-juice-cleanses-work_n_1372305.html |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124825/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/03/22/do-juice-cleanses-work_n_1372305.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Orthopathy]]<ref>Barrett, Stephen; Herbert, Victor. ''Questionable Practices in Foods and Nutrition: Definitions and Descriptions''. (2002). In Carolyn D. Berdanier. ''Handbook of Nutrition and Food''. CRC Press. p. 1493. {{ISBN|0-8493-2705-9}}</ref>
*[[Protein-sparing modified fast]]
*[[Sleeping Beauty diet]], a 1976 diet in which people were sedated with drugs so they would not eat for several days.<ref name=":1" />

=== Detoxifying ===
*[[Detox diet]]<ref name="BDA2019">{{cite web |title=BDA Releases Top 5 Celeb Diets to Avoid in 2019 |url=https://www.bda.uk.com/news/view?id=224&x[0]=news/list |website=bda.uk.com |access-date=28 October 2019 |date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="webmd">webmd.com, 22 April 2011, "[http://blogs.webmd.com/whats-new/2011/04/are-fad-diets-worth-the-risk.html Are Fad Diets Worth the Risk?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221142144/http://blogs.webmd.com/whats-new/2011/04/are-fad-diets-worth-the-risk.html |date=21 February 2014 }}". Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref>
*[[Fat Flush Plan]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Maureen Callahan |url=http://www.health.com/health/article/0,,20410202,00.html |title=Fat Flush – Diet Fitness |publisher=Health.com |access-date=2 March 2016 |archive-date=18 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218105652/https://www.health.com/health/article/0,,20410202,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elin|first1=Abby|title=Flush Those Toxins! Eh, Not So Fast|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/fashion/22skin.html|access-date=4 March 2016|work=The New York Times|date=21 January 2009|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810105619/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/fashion/22skin.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Knibbs|first1=Kate|title=Gwyneth Paltrow's Goop Consults 'Fat Flush' Diet Quack About 'Cell Phone Toxicity'|url=https://gizmodo.com/gwyneth-paltrows-goop-consults-fat-flush-diet-quack-abo-1755838662|access-date=4 March 2016|work=Gizmodo|date=28 January 2016|archive-date=7 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107195927/https://gizmodo.com/gwyneth-paltrows-goop-consults-fat-flush-diet-quack-abo-1755838662|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Master cleanse|Lemon detox diet]]<ref name="finder.com">{{Cite web| url=https://www.finder.com/ca/best-fad-diets-weight-loss| title=8 fad diets and how they work| date=5 April 2019| access-date=21 October 2019| archive-date=1 October 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001203055/https://www.finder.com/ca/best-fad-diets-weight-loss| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="worst">news.com.au. 8 January 2014, "[http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/the-worst-diets-of-2013-and-the-best-for-2014/story-fneuzkvr-1226797295697 The worst diets of 2013 – and the best for 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319233143/http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/the-worst-diets-of-2013-and-the-best-for-2014/story-fneuzkvr-1226797295697 |date=19 March 2014 }}". Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nancykalish.com/files/The_Juice_Cleanse_-_NY_Times.pdf|title=The Juice Cleanse: A Strange and Green Journey|last1=Newman|first1=Judith|work=The New York Times|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415223428/http://www.nancykalish.com/files/The_Juice_Cleanse_-_NY_Times.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2018|access-date=6 May 2016}}</ref>
*[[Activated charcoal cleanse|Activated charcoal diet]]<ref name=TheConversation2019>{{cite web |last1=Collins |first1=Clare |last2=Ashton |first2=Lee |last3=Williams |first3=Rebecca |title=The science behind diet trends like Mono, charcoal detox, Noom and Fast800 |url=https://theconversation.com/the-science-behind-diet-trends-like-mono-charcoal-detox-noom-and-fast800-120080 |website=The Conversation |access-date=2 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827223147/https://theconversation.com/the-science-behind-diet-trends-like-mono-charcoal-detox-noom-and-fast800-120080 |archive-date=27 August 2019 |date=28 August 2019}}</ref>
*[[Wheatgrass diet]]<ref>[https://www.ncahf.org/articles/s-z/wheatgrass.html Wheatgrass Therapy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621170857/https://www.ncahf.org/articles/s-z/wheatgrass.html |date=21 June 2018 }}. National Council Against Health Fraud.</ref>

=== Other fad diets ===
*[[Blood type diet]]: A 1996 diet based on a belief that people's diets should reflect their [[blood type]]s.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="BDA2019" /><ref>Walden, Celia (16 June 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100619140504/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/wellbeing/7833488/The-blood-type-diet-Weight-loss-need-not-be-in-vein.html "The blood-type diet: Weight loss need not be in vein"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
*[[Cotton ball diet]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bijlefeld|first1=Marjolijn|author2=Sharon K. Zoumbaris|title=Encyclopedia of Diet Fads: Understanding Science and Society, 2nd Edition: Understanding Science and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|date=25 November 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-760-6|pages=195–|access-date=28 August 2020|archive-date=17 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117175222/https://books.google.com/books?id=4jq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ABC">{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/dangerous-diet-trend-cotton-ball-diet/story?id=20942888 | title=Dangerous Diet Trend: The Cotton Ball Diet | work=ABC News | date=21 November 2013 | access-date=23 November 2013 | author=Neporent, Liz | archive-date=28 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128172308/http://abcnews.go.com/Health/dangerous-diet-trend-cotton-ball-diet/story?id=20942888 | url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Immune Power Diet]]<ref>Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). ''The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America''. Prometheus Books. pp. 151–152. {{ISBN|0-87975-855-4}}</ref>
*[[Werewolf diet]]<ref>[https://www.prevention.com/weight-loss/a20466875/the-werewolf-diet-is-the-latest-celebrity-diet-craze/ The Latest Diet Fad That Involves...Werewolves? Oh, And Moons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222195834/https://www.prevention.com/weight-loss/a20466875/the-werewolf-diet-is-the-latest-celebrity-diet-craze/ |date=22 December 2019 }}. Retrieved 22 December 2019.</ref>

==Vegetarian diets==
{{main|Vegetarianism}}

A vegetarian diet is one which excludes meat. Vegetarians also avoid food containing [[by-products]] of [[animal slaughter]], such as animal-derived [[rennet]] and [[gelatin]].<ref name=vegetarian>[http://www.vegsoc.org/page.aspx?pid=508 "What is a vegetarian?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430220615/http://www.vegsoc.org/page.aspx?pid=508 |date=30 April 2013 }}. [[Vegetarian Society]]. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>

* [[Fruitarianism|Fruitarian diet]]: A diet which predominantly consists of raw fruit.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/sep/28/millennium.uk "Let them eat air..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104030611/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1999/sep/28/millennium.uk |date=4 January 2012 }}. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 28 September 1999. Retrieved 10 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Lacto vegetarianism]]: A vegetarian diet that includes certain types of dairy, but excludes eggs and foods which contain animal [[rennet]].<ref name=bbcvegetarian>Hunter, Fiona (April 2011). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/dietary_veg.shtml "Vegetarian and vegan diets"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306093251/http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/nutrition/dietary_veg.shtml |date=6 March 2013 }}. BBC Health. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref> A common diet among followers of several religions, including [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Jainism]], based on the principle of [[Ahimsa]] (non-harming).<ref name=hindudiet>(Dasa, Shukavak N.) [http://www.sanskrit.org/www/Hindu%20Primer/nonharming_ahimsa.html "Non Harming: ''Ahimsa''"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408135457/http://www.sanskrit.org/www/Hindu%20Primer/nonharming_ahimsa.html |date=8 April 2011 }}. Devasthanam. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Ovo vegetarianism]]: A vegetarian diet that includes eggs, but excludes dairy.
* [[Ovo-lacto vegetarianism]]: A vegetarian diet that includes eggs and dairy.<ref name="bbcvegetarian" />
* [[Veganism|Vegan diet]]: In addition to the abstentions of a vegetarian diet, vegans do not use any product produced by animals, such as eggs, dairy products, or honey.<ref name=vegetarian/> The vegan philosophy and lifestyle is broader than just the diet and also includes abstaining from using any products tested on animals and often campaigning for [[animal welfare]] and [[animal rights]].

===Semi-vegetarian diets===
* [[Semi-vegetarianism]]: A predominantly vegetarian diet, in which meat is occasionally consumed. This includes "flexitarian", [[Reducetarian Foundation|reducetarian]] and [[demitarian]] diets <ref>Fellowes, Jessica (14 November 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090126221937/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/3459737/The-new-vegetarianism-introducing-the-flexitarian.html "The new vegetarianism: introducing the flexitarian"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 10 March 2012.</ref> Sometimes semi-vegetarian and flexitarian diets are defined as distinct from one another, where the former is defined as abstaining from red meat while the latter simply entails only eating meat infrequently.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mathieu |first1=Sasha |last2=Dorard |first2=Géraldine |date=2016-09-01 |title=Végétarisme, végétalisme, véganisme: aspects motivationnels et psychologiques associés à l'alimentation sélective |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0755498216302019 |journal=La Presse Médicale |language=French |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=726–733 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2016.06.031 |pmid=27542762 |issn=0755-4982 |quote=Some studies distinguish other food categories such as the pesco-vegetarian diet, which tolerates the consumption of fish and seafood, and the semi-vegetarian diet, which excludes red meat but allows the consumption of other meat products…In addition to these diets, there is flexitarianism…In general, flexitarians adopt a predominantly vegetarian or vegan diet, but may consume meat on special occasions (such as during dinner parties or dining out). In short, a flexitarian is an omnivore who has reduced his consumption of animal products. |access-date=7 September 2022 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117175334/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0755498216302019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baines |first1=Surinder |last2=Powers |first2=Jennifer |last3=Brown |first3=Wendy J |date=May 2007 |title=How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians? |journal=Public Health Nutrition |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=436–442 |doi=10.1017/S1368980007217938 |pmid=17411462 |quote=Women were defined as non-vegetarians if they reported including red meat in their diet, as semi-vegetarians if they excluded red meat and as vegetarians if they excluded meat, poultry and fish from their diet. |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Forestell |first1=Catherine A. |last2=Spaeth |first2=Andrea M. |last3=Kane |first3=Stephanie A. |date=2012-02-01 |title=To eat or not to eat red meat. A closer look at the relationship between restrained eating and vegetarianism in college females |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666311006271 |journal=Appetite |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=319–325 |doi=10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.015 |pmid=22079892 |s2cid=22041112 |issn=0195-6663 |quote=while vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians were more open to new experiences and less food neophobic, they were not more restrained than omnivores. Rather semi-vegetarians; those who restricted only red meat from their diet, and flexitarians; those who occasionally eat red meat, were significantly more restrained than omnivores. |access-date=7 September 2022 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930184214/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666311006271 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Pescetarianism]]: A diet which includes [[seafood]], but not poultry, other white meat or [[Red meat|meat from mammals]].
* [[Pollotarianism]]: A diet which includes [[poultry]], but no other white meat, seafood or meat from mammals.
* [[Kangatarian]]: A diet originating from Australia. In addition to foods permissible in a vegetarian diet, [[kangaroo]] meat is also consumed.<ref>Barone, Tayissa (9 February 2010). [https://www.smh.com.au/news/entertainment/good-living/kangatarians-jump-the-divide/2010/02/08/1265477561439.html "Kangatarians jump the divide"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117175225/https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/kangatarians-jump-the-divide-20100209-gdtvd8.html |date=17 November 2023 }}. ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]''. Retrieved 17 January 2012.</ref> The name is a [[protologism]] that may have started out as a joke rather than a dietary term or identifying label that was ever intended to be taken seriously or used unironically.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burrows |first=Joel |date=2021-11-22 |title=The Truth About Australia's Kangatarian Diet |url=https://www.mashed.com/665922/the-truth-about-australias-kangatarian-diet/ |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Mashed.com |language=en-US |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628222743/https://www.mashed.com/665922/the-truth-about-australias-kangatarian-diet/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Planetary health diet]]: Dietary paradigms that have the following aims: to feed a growing world's population, to greatly reduce the worldwide number of deaths caused by poor diet, and to be environmentally sustainable as to prevent the collapse of the natural world.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Willett |first1=Walter |last2=Rockström |first2=Johan |last3=Loken |first3=Brent |last4=Springmann |first4=Marco |last5=Lang |first5=Tim |last6=Vermeulen |first6=Sonja |last7=Garnett |first7=Tara |last8=Tilman |first8=David |last9=DeClerck |first9=Fabrice |last10=Wood |first10=Amanda |last11=Jonell |first11=Malin |last12=Clark |first12=Michael |last13=Gordon |first13=Line J |last14=Fanzo |first14=Jessica |last15=Hawkes |first15=Corinna |last16=Zurayk |first16=Rami |last17=Rivera |first17=Juan A |last18=De Vries |first18=Wim |last19=Majele Sibanda |first19=Lindiwe |last20=Afshin |first20=Ashkan |last21=Chaudhary |first21=Abhishek |last22=Herrero |first22=Mario |last23=Agustina |first23=Rina |last24=Branca |first24=Francesco |last25=Lartey |first25=Anna |last26=Fan |first26=Shenggen |last27=Crona |first27=Beatrice |last28=Fox |first28=Elizabeth |last29=Bignet |first29=Victoria |last30=Troell |first30=Max |last31=Lindahl |first31=Therese |last32=Singh |first32=Sudhvir |last33=Cornell |first33=Sarah E |last34=Srinath Reddy |first34=K |last35=Narain |first35=Sunita |last36=Nishtar |first36=Sania |last37=Murray |first37=Christopher J L |title=Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems |journal=The Lancet |date=February 2019 |volume=393 |issue=10170 |pages=447–492 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 |pmid=30660336 |s2cid=58657351 |url=https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/21633/8/Food%20Planet%20Health.pdf |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117175223/https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/21633/8/Food%20Planet%20Health.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Plant-based diet]]: A broad term to describe diets in which animal products do not form a large proportion of the diet. Under some definitions a plant-based diet is fully vegetarian; under others it is possible to follow a plant-based diet whilst occasionally consuming meat.<ref name="US News & World Report Health">{{cite news|title=Plant Based Diets|url=http://health.usnews.com/best-diet/best-plant-based-diets|access-date=11 August 2014|work=U.S. News & World Report|publisher=U.S. News & World Report Health|ref=USNWR|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731052243/https://health.usnews.com/best-diet/best-plant-based-diets|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Other diets==
* [[Alkaline diet]]: The avoidance of relatively acidic foods – foods with low [[pH]] levels – such as [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]], [[caffeine]], [[dairy]], [[fungi]], [[Food grain|grains]], [[meat]], and [[sugar]]. Proponents believe such a diet may have health benefits;<ref>Dawson-Hughes, Bess (January 2008). [http://www.medpagetoday.com/PrimaryCare/DietNutrition/12006 "The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321225659/http://www.medpagetoday.com/PrimaryCare/DietNutrition/12006 |date=21 March 2012 }}. ''[[Tufts University]]''. Medpagetoday.com Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref> critics consider the arguments to have no scientific basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myhealthycenter.com/types-of-diets-control-your-weight-and-calories/ |title=Types of Diets: Control Your Weight and Calories {{!}} Alkaline Diet |access-date=1 February 2021 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302075132/https://myhealthycenter.com/types-of-diets-control-your-weight-and-calories/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Clean eating]] or the [[Macrobiotic diet]]
*[[Climatarian diet]]: A diet focused on reducing the [[carbon footprint]] of the consumed food, particularly through the consumption of [[Local food|locally sourced food]] and the avoidance of beef and lamb meat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/dining/new-food-words.html|title='Hangry'? Want a Slice of 'Piecaken'? The Top New Food Words for 2015|last=Moskin|first=Julia|date=15 December 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=6 February 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214100117/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/dining/new-food-words.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Adherents may also be "organivores" (strong proponents of [[certified organic]] foods over [[Intensive farming|intensively farmed]] foods).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barnett |first1=Michaela J. |last2=Dripps |first2=Weston R. |last3=Blomquist |first3=Kerstin K. |title=Organivore or organorexic? Examining the relationship between alternative food network engagement, disordered eating, and special diets |journal=Appetite |date=1 October 2016 |volume=105 |pages=713–720 |doi=10.1016/j.appet.2016.07.008|pmid=27397727 |s2cid=3029703 }}</ref>
*[[Eat-clean diet]]: Focuses on eating foods without preservatives, and on mixing lean proteins with complex carbohydrates.<ref>[[Tosca Reno|Reno, Tosca]]. (2007). ''The Eat-Clean Diet''. Robert Kennedy Publishing. {{ISBN|1-55210-038-3}}.</ref>
* [[Gerson therapy]]: A form of [[alternative medicine]], the diet is low salt, low fat and vegetarian, and also involves taking specific supplements. It was developed by [[Max Gerson]], who claimed the therapy could cure cancer and chronic, degenerative diseases. These claims have not been scientifically proven, and they can cause serious illness and death.<ref name=ACS>[http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/DietandNutrition/gerson-therapy "Gerson Therapy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425053858/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/dietandnutrition/gerson-therapy |date=25 April 2014 }}. [[American Cancer Society]]. Retrieved 22 April 2009.</ref>
* [[The Graham Diet]]: A high-fiber vegetarian diet which promotes whole-wheat flour and discourages the consumption of stimulants such as alcohol and caffeine. Promoted by [[Sylvester Graham]] beginning in 1830.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.ivu.org/history/usa19/graham.html "Sylvester Graham (1795–1851)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022082431/http://www.ivu.org/history/usa19/graham.html |date=22 October 2010 }}. [[International Vegetarian Union]]. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Hay diet]]: A food-combining diet developed by [[William Howard Hay]] in the 1920s. Divides foods into separate groups, and suggests that proteins and carbohydrates should not be consumed in the same meal.<ref name=sophisticated>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/703030.stm "Sophisticated diets 'no advantage'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303054325/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/703030.stm |date=3 March 2006 }}. BBC News. 6 April 2000. Retrieved 14 February 2012.</ref>
* [[High-protein diet]]: A diet in which high quantities of protein are consumed with the intention of building muscle. Not to be confused with low-carb diets, where the intention is to lose weight by restricting carbohydrates.
* [[High residue diet]]: A diet in which high quantities of [[dietary fiber]] are consumed. High-fiber foods include certain fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains.<ref name=mayoclinic>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-fiber-foods/NU00582 "High Fiber Diet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313191613/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-fiber-foods/NU00582 |date=13 March 2012 }}. [[Mayo Clinic]]. 15 August 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2011.</ref>
[[File:Walrus meat 1 1999-04-01.jpg|thumb|alt=A group of people in winter clothing, standing around piles of meat lying on the snow.|Sharing of frozen, aged [[walrus]] meat among [[Inuit]] families|200px]]
* [[Inuit diet]]: [[Inuit]] traditionally consume food that is fished, hunted or gathered locally, predominantly meat and fish.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 August 2010). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10955024 "Scientist will live as an Inuit for one year"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217225939/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10955024 |date=17 February 2019 }}. BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>  This was promoted as a fad diet in 1928.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Jenny Craig]]: A weight-loss program from Jenny Craig, Inc. It includes weight counselling among other elements. The dietary aspect involves the consumption of pre-packaged food produced by the company.<ref>[http://www.jennycraig.co.uk/our-programme/how-jenny-craig-works.aspx "How Jenny Craig works"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060939/http://www.jennycraig.co.uk/our-programme/how-jenny-craig-works.aspx |date=4 March 2016 }}. Jenny Craig, Inc. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Locavore diet]]: a [[neologism]] describing the eating of food that is locally produced, and not moved long distances to market. An example of this was explored in the book [[100-Mile Diet]], in which the authors only consumed food grown within 100 miles of their residence for a year.<ref>Smith, Alisa; Mackinnon, J.B. (March 2007). ''The 100-Mile Diet: A Year of Local Eating''. Random House Canada. {{ISBN|0-679-31482-2}}.</ref> People who follow this type of diet are sometimes known as [[locavore]]s.
* [[Low glycemic index diet]]
* [[Low-protein diet]]
* [[Low sodium diet]]
* [[Low-sulfur diet]]
[[File:Some Basic Macrobiotic Ingredients.JPG|thumb|200px|alt=An assortment of foods on a worktop. They are: tofu, wheat miso, bancha tea, umeboshi prumes brown rice, sea salt and nori.|Some common macrobiotic ingredients]]
* [[Mediterranean diet]]: A diet based on habits of some southern European countries. One of the more distinct features is that olive oil is used as the primary source of fat.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8543372.stm "Low-fat, Mediterranean and low-carb diets 'help heart'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117175227/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8543372.stm |date=17 November 2023 }}. BBC News. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
*[[MIND diet]]: combines the portions of the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet. The diet is intended to reduce neurological deterioration such as Alzheimer's disease.<ref name="Marcason 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Marcason |first1=Wendy |title=What Are the Components to the MIND Diet? |journal=Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics |date=October 2015 |volume=115 |issue=10 |pages=1744 |doi=10.1016/j.jand.2015.08.002 |pmid=26407649 }}</ref>
* [[Montignac diet]]: A weight-loss diet characterised by consuming carbohydrates with a low [[glycemic index]].<ref>Rhodes, Chloe (21 November 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090424063239/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3326405/Diet-another-day-the-Montignac-Diet.html "Diet another day: the Montignac diet"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Mushroom diet]]: A mushroom-predominant diet.
* [[Negative calorie diet]]: A claim by many weight-loss diets that some foods take more calories to digest than they provide, such as celery. The basis for this claim is disputed.<ref>Snyderman, Nancy (6 May 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090509065606/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1896439_1896359_1896346,00.html "There are no negative-calorie foods"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Okinawa diet]]: A low-calorie diet based on the traditional eating habits of people from the [[Ryukyu Islands]].
* [[Omnivore#Etymology and definitions|Omnivorous diet]]: An omnivore consumes diverse range of both plant and animal-based food.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110909060037/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/omnivore "Definition for omnivore"]. ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Organic food|Organic food diet]]: A diet consisting only of food which is organic – it has not been produced with modern inputs such as synthetic [[fertilizer]]s, [[Genetically modified organism|genetic modification]], [[irradiation]], [[Antibiotic use in livestock|antibiotics]], [[Bovine somatotropin#Use on farms|growth hormones]], or synthetic [[food additives]].<ref>{{Cite book|veditors=Allen GJ, Albala K|title=The business of food: encyclopedia of the food and drink industries|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33725-3|page=288|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gNzmOUyiFRAC&pg=PA288}}</ref>
* [[Nutraloaf|Prison loaf]]: A meal replacement served in some United States prisons to inmates who are not trusted to use cutlery. Its composition varies between institutions and states, but as a replacement for standard food, it is intended to provide inmates with all their dietary needs.
* [[Raw foodism]]: A diet which centres on the consumption of uncooked and unprocessed food. Often associated with a vegetarian diet,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4389837.stm "Raw food eaters thin but healthy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221022758/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4389837.stm |date=21 February 2009 }}. BBC News. 29 March 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> although some raw food dieters do consume raw meat.<ref>Green, Emily (31 January 2001). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-31-fo-19029-story.html "Meat but no heat"] . ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref>  It was a fad in 2000.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Shangri-La Diet]]
* [[Slimming World|Slimming World diet]]
* [[Slow-carb diet]]
* [[Smart For Life]]
* [[Sonoma diet]]: A diet based on portion control and centered around consuming "power foods"
* [[SparkPeople|SparkPeople diet]]
* [[Sugar Busters!]]: A 1995 diet that focuses on restricting the consumption of refined carbohydrates, particularly sugars.<ref>Gorman, Christine (24 June 2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070426205824/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101980706-139508,00.html "Sugar Busters!"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref><ref name=":1" />
* [[Western pattern diet]] (WPD): 'Default' diet in many [[developed countries]], especially the [[Anglosphere]]. The name is from "[[Western world]]" and is interchanged with "standard American diet" and "meat-sweet diet" due to the high amount of meat (total), red meats (particularly), dairy, [[Confectionery|sweets]] and refined cereals.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6284830.stm "Western diet risk to Asian women"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911161514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6284830.stm |date=11 September 2007 }}. BBC News. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2012.</ref> Subpar intake of whole grains, legumes, tree nuts, produce and seafood is the norm.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bloomfield |first1=Hanna E. |last2=Kane |first2=Robert |last3=Koeller |first3=Eva |last4=Greer |first4=Nancy |last5=MacDonald |first5=Roderick |last6=Wilt |first6=Timothy |title=Benefits and Harms of the Mediterranean Diet Compared to Other Diets |series=VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports |date=2015 |publisher=Department of Veterans Affairs |pmid=27559560 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK379574/ |oclc=1117878493 |access-date=20 June 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415164053/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK379574/ |url-status=live }}{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=USDA ERS – Charts of Note|url=https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/charts-of-note/charts-of-note/?topicId=14841|access-date=20 June 2020|website=ers.usda.gov|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621110014/https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/charts-of-note/charts-of-note/?topicId=14841|url-status=live}}</ref> WPDs are distinguished from other unbalanced diets by heavy inclusion of '[[junk food]]' and other [[ultra-processed foods]] that generally provide substantial [[empty calories]], carbohydrates, saturated fat, industrial trans fat, [[added sugar]]/[[free sugars]], added salt, [[Flavoring#Flavorants or flavorings|artificial flavor]]/[[Sugar substitutes|sweetener]] and other processing ingredients. Archetypal examples include: [[Breakfast cereal#Modern cereal|RTE cereals]], white breads, [[fast food]], other [[Convenience food|convenience meals]], cured meat dishes, [[Smoking (cooking)|smoked]]/fried meats, [[fried dough]] foods, [[Shallow frying|shallow]]/[[Deep frying|deep fried]] [[Fried potatoes|potatoes]], other foods intensely fried in [[Animal fat|rendered fat]]/[[Cooking oil#Extraction and refinement|refined oil]], sugary/fatty [[discretionary food]]s (e.g., sauce, candy), [[cola]]s and other sweetened [[soft drink]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Heavily processed foods cause overeating and weight gain, study finds: Small-scale trial is the first randomized, controlled research of its kind|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190516114550.htm|access-date=20 June 2020|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233307/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190516114550.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Paige E. |last2=McKinnon |first2=Robin A. |last3=Krebs-Smith |first3=Susan M. |last4=Subar |first4=Amy F. |last5=Chriqui |first5=Jamie |last6=Kahle |first6=Lisa |last7=Reedy |first7=Jill |title=Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in the U.S. |journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine |date=October 2013 |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=416–421 |doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2013.05.014 |pmid=24050417 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
<!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics]]
*[[Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws]]
* [[Dietitian]]
* [[British Dietetic Association]]
*[[Eating disorder]]
*[[Eatwell plate]]
*[[Food security]]
*[[Intuitive eating]]
*[[List of diet food creators]]
*[[Nutritional rating systems]]
*[[Online weight loss plans]]
*[[Vegetarianism and religion]]
*[[Veganism]]
{{div col end}}
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Diets}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diets, List of}}
[[Category:Diets|*]]
[[Category:Lists of foods]]