List of diets

An individual's diet is the sum of food and drink that one habitually consumes. Dieting is the practice of attempting to achieve or maintain a certain weight through diet.<ref>"Definition for diet". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> People's dietary choices are often affected by a variety of factors, including ethical and religious beliefs, clinical need, or a desire to control weight.

Not all diets are considered healthy. Some people follow unhealthy diets through habit, rather than through a conscious choice to eat unhealthily. Terms applied to such eating habits include "junk food diet" and "Western diet". Many diets are considered by clinicians to pose significant health risks and minimal long-term benefit. This is particularly true of "crash" or "fad" diets – short-term, weight-loss plans that involve drastic changes to a person's normal eating habits.

Only diets covered on Wikipedia are listed under alphabetically sorted headings.

Belief-based diets

Some people's dietary choices are influenced by their religious, spiritual or philosophical beliefs.

• Buddhist diet: While Buddhism does not have specific dietary rules, some Buddhists practice vegetarianism based on Mahayana Buddhism's strict interpretation of the first of the Five Precepts.<ref>Weintraub, Eileen. Template:Usurped. Society of Ethical and Religious Vegetarians. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
• Hindu diet: It is popular for followers of Hinduism to follow lacto vegetarian diets (though most do not), based on the principle of ahimsa (non-harming).<ref name=hindudiet/> Consuming beef/cattle is forbidden or at least taboo among followers due to cow veneration. Most Hindus in India do intentionally limit their meat consumption one way or another.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Jain diet: Due to how the Jain faith interprets ahisma, vegetarianism is considered mandatory for followers; a lacto-vegetarian diet<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> or vegan diet<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> in particular is considered appropriate for Jains. Most Jains also abstain from consuming root vegetables in order to prevent harming insects, worms and microorganisms when they are uprooted. Most also partake in some form of fasting.<ref name=":0" /> Some variants of Jainism further discourage or forbid the consumption of honey, fungi, alcoholic beverages and fermented foods.
• Islamic diet: Muslims follow a diet consisting solely of food that is halal – permissible in Islam. The opposite of halal is haraam, food that is Islamically impermissible. Haraam substances include carnivores, pork and other non-ruminant animals, and any meat from an animal which was not killed through the Islamic method of ritual slaughter (Dhabihah).<ref>"What do Halal, Dhabiha Halal and Haram Mean?" Template:Webarchive. halalcertified.com. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> If an otherwise Halal animal was subject to torture by humans, its meat can still be considered non-permissible for Muslims.
• I-tal: A set of principles which influences the diet of many members of the Rastafari movement. One principle is that natural foods should be consumed. Emphasis is put on consuming produce that is fresh, organic and ideally grown at home or locally. Another principle involves avoiding "unclean" types of food; the definition which is influenced by Biblical teachings. In order to preserve "life energy" Rastafarians encourage teetotalism, and many Rastafarians interpret I-tal to advocate vegetarianism or veganism as well.<ref>"Rastafarianism" Template:Webarchive. University of Dundee. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> Many followers do view seafood as an acceptable addition to an I-tal diet but they restrict which kinds they permit; fish over a foot long are typically avoided and all shellfish are eschewed as they are not kosher animals—unlike finned-fish with scales.
• Kosher diet: Food permissible under kashrut, the set of Jewish dietary laws, is said to be kosher. Some foods and food combinations are non-kosher, and failure to prepare food in accordance with kashrut can make otherwise permissible foods non-Kosher.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Seventh-day Adventist diet: Combines the kosher food rules of Judaism with prohibitions against alcoholic beverages and (sometimes) caffeinated beverages. There is emphasis on consuming whole foods. Meat-consumption is heavily discouraged but not necessarily disallowed; about half of Adventists are lacto-ovo-vegetarians.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Vegan and pescetarian diets are also more popular among Adventists compared to the general public<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but other Adventists are still willing to eat Kosher meats.
• Word of Wisdom diet: The name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book of scripture accepted by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Dietary advice includes (1) wholesome plants "in the season thereof", (2) eating meat sparingly and only "in times of winter, or of cold, or famine", and (3) grain as the "staff of life".<ref>Template:Sourcetext</ref> Unlike injunctions against tobacco, alcohol, coffee and tea—compliance with meat-avoidance has always remained optional among the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and emphasis on refraining from meat has largely been dropped.<ref name="Alexander">Thomas G. Alexander, "The Word of Wisdom: From Principle to Requirement" Template:Webarchive, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 14:3 (1981) pp. 78–88.</ref> An official church publication states, "modern methods of refrigeration now make it possible to preserve meat in any season".<ref>"Section 89 The Word of Wisdom", Doctrine and Covenants Student Manual (Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church, 2002), pp. 206–11.</ref>

Calorie and weight control diets

Template:Main A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to change dietary habits, as is a desire to maintain an existing weight. Many weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health risk, and some are not widely considered to be effective. This is especially true of "crash" or "fad" diets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Many of the diets listed below could fall into more than one subcategory. Where this is the case, it is noted in that diet's entry.

Low-calorie diets

• 5:2 diet: an intermittent fasting diet
• Intermittent fasting: Cycling between non-fasting and fasting as a method of calorie restriction.<ref name="Mattson">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Body for Life: A calorie-control diet, promoted as part of the 12-week Body for Life program.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Cookie diet: A calorie control diet in which low-fat cookies are eaten to quell hunger, often in place of a meal.<ref>Schmall, Emily (17 November 2008). "Bite fight" Template:Webarchive. Forbes. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
• The Hacker's Diet: A calorie-control diet from The Hacker's Diet by John Walker. The book suggests that the key to reaching and maintaining the desired weight is understanding and carefully monitoring calories consumed and used.
• Nutrisystem diet: The dietary element of the weight-loss plan from Nutrisystem, Inc. Nutrisystem distributes low-calorie meals, with specific ratios of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Weight Watchers diet: Debuting in 1961,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> foods are assigned point values; dieters can eat any food with a point value provided they stay within their daily point limit.<ref>Devlin, Kate (2 September 2008). "Atkins diet and Weight Watchers 'the best ways to lose weight'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 15 February 2012.</ref>

Very low calorie diets

A very low calorie diet is consuming fewer than 800 calories per day. Such diets are normally followed under the supervision of a doctor.<ref>"Very low calorie diet for rapid weight loss" Template:Webarchive. Calorie Counter. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> Zero-calorie diets are also included.

• Inedia (breatharian diet): A diet in which no food is consumed, based on the belief that prana but not food is necessary for human subsistence.<ref>"All they need is the air" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 22 September 1999. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
• KE diet (feeding tube diet): A diet in which an individual feeds through a feeding tube and does not eat anything.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• The Last Chance diet: General premise is that the dieter will consume only one low-calorie high protein beverage daily. This equated to no more than 400 calories per day.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Tongue Patch Diet: Stitching a Marlex patch to the tongue to make eating painful. Daily calories are then limited to 800 per day maximum in liquid form.

Low-carbohydrate diets

• Atkins diet: A low-carbohydrate diet, popularized by nutritionist Robert Atkins in the late-20th and early-21st centuries.<ref>Witchel, Alex (27 November 1996). "Refighting The Battle Of the Bulge" Template:Webarchive. The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2009.</ref> Proponents argue that this approach is a more successful way of losing weight than low-calorie diets;<ref>"Scientists endorse Atkins diet" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 17 May 2004. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> critics argue that a low-carb approach poses increased health risks.<ref>"Low carb diet health risk fears" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 17 March 2006. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> The Atkins diet consists of four phases (Induction, Balancing, Fine-Tuning and Maintenance) with a gradual increase in consumption of carbohydrates as the person goes through the phases.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Dukan Diet: A multi-step diet based on high protein and limited carbohydrate consumption. It starts with two steps intended to facilitate short term weight loss, followed by two steps intended to consolidate these losses and return to a more balanced long-term diet.<ref>Samuel, Henry (1 June 2011). "The four stages of the Dukan diet". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 February 2011.</ref>
• Kimkins: A heavily promoted diet for weight loss, found to be fraudulent.
• South Beach Diet: Diet developed by the Miami-based cardiologist Arthur Agatston in 2003,<ref name=":1" /> who says that the key to losing weight quickly and getting healthy is not cutting all carbohydrates and fats from the diet, but choosing the right carbs and the right fats.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Stillman diet: A carbohydrate-restricted diet that predates the Atkins diet, allowing consumption of specific food ingredients.

Low-fat diets

• McDougall's starch diet is a high calorie, high fiber, low fat diet that is based on starches such as potatoes, rice, and beans which excludes all animal foods and added vegetable oils. John A. McDougall draws on historical observation of how many civilizations around the world throughout time have thrived on starch foods.

Crash diets

Crash diets are very-low-calorie diets used for the purpose of very fast weight loss.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They describe diet plans that involve making extreme, rapid changes to food consumption, but are also used as disparaging terms for common eating habits which are considered unhealthy. This diet is dangerous and can lead to sudden death when not done in a medically supervised setting.<ref name="Isner1979">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Sours1981">Template:Cite journal</ref> Several diets listed here are weight-loss diets which would also fit into other sections of this list. Where this is the case, it will be noted in that diet's entry.

• Beverly Hills Diet: An extreme diet from 1981 which has only fruits in the first days, gradually increasing the selection of foods up to the sixth week.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1" />
• Cabbage soup diet: A low-calorie diet based on heavy consumption of cabbage soup. Considered a fad diet.<ref>"Health risk of 'faddy diets'" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 2 May 2001. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
• Grapefruit diet: A fad diet begun in 1930, intended to facilitate weight loss, in which grapefruit is consumed in large quantities at meal times.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Grapefruit diet 'put leg at risk'" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref>
• Monotrophic diet: A diet that involves eating only one food item, or one type of food, for a period of time to achieve a desired weight reduction.
• Subway diet: A crash diet<ref name=guardiansubway/> in which a person consumes Subway sandwiches in place of higher calorie fast foods. Made famous by convicted sex offender and former obese student Jared Fogle, who lost 245 pounds after replacing his meals with Subway sandwiches as part of an effort to lose weight.<ref name="guardiansubway">Kingsley, Patrick (10 March 2011). "How a sandwich franchise ousted McDonald's" Template:Webarchive. The Guardian. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>

Detox diets

Detox diets involve either not consuming or attempting to flush out substances that are considered unhelpful or harmful. Examples include restricting food consumption to foods without colorings or preservatives, taking supplements, or drinking large amounts of water. The latter practice in particular has drawn criticism, as drinking significantly more water than recommended levels can cause hyponatremia.<ref>"Woman left brain damaged by detox" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 23 July 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> There is no scientific evidence of any benefit from detox diets, and so they are considered to be pseudoscientific.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

• Juice fasting: A form of detox diet, in which nutrition is obtained solely from fruit and vegetable juices. The health implications of such diets are disputed.<ref>Moores, Susan. "Experts warn of detox diet dangers" . NBC News. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• Master Cleanse: A modified juice fast that substitutes tea and lemonade for food.

Diets followed for medical reasons

People's dietary choices are sometimes affected by intolerance or allergy to certain types of food. There are also dietary patterns that might be recommended, prescribed or administered by medical professionals for people with specific medical needs.

• DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension): A recommendation that those with high blood pressure consume large quantities of fruits, vegetables, whole-grains and low fat dairy foods as part of their diet, and avoid sugar sweetened foods, red meat and fats. Promoted by the US Department of Health and Human Services, a United States government organisation.<ref name="dashguide">"Your guide to lowering your blood pressure with DASH" Template:Webarchive. US Department of Health and Human Services. April 2006. Retrieved 28 December 2011.</ref>
• Diabetic diet: An umbrella term for diets recommended to people with diabetes. There is considerable disagreement in the scientific community as to what sort of diet is best for people with diabetes.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Elemental diet: A medical, liquid-only diet, in which liquid nutrients are consumed for ease of ingestion.<ref>"Elemental diet" Template:Webarchive. Food Hospital. Channel 4. Retrieved 14 February 2012.</ref>
• Elimination diet: A method of identifying foods which cause a person adverse effects, by process of elimination.<ref>"The elimination diet" Template:Webarchive. National Health Service. 12 January 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2012.</ref>
• Gluten-free diet: A diet which avoids the protein gluten, which is found in barley, rye and wheat. It is a medical treatment for gluten-related disorders, which include coeliac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis and wheat allergy.<ref name="LudvigssonLeffler2013">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="VoltaCaio2015Quotation">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="MulderWanrooijQuotation">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="HischenhuberCrevelQuotation">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Gluten-free, casein-free diet: A gluten-free diet which also avoids casein, a protein commonly found in milk and cheese. This diet has been researched for efficacy in treatment of autism spectrum disorder.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Healthy kidney diet: This diet is for those impacted with chronic kidney disease, those with only one kidney, those who have a kidney infection and those who may be suffering from some other kidney failure.<ref name="Nutrition">Template:Cite web</ref> This diet is not the dialysis diet,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which is completely different. The healthy kidney diet restricts large amounts of protein, which are hard for the kidney to break down, but especially limits potassium and phosphorus-rich foods and beverages. Liquid intake is often limited as well.<ref name="Nutrition" /><ref name="American Kidney Fund 2021">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ketogenic diet: A high-fat, low-carb diet, in which dietary and body fat is converted into energy. It is used as a medical treatment for refractory epilepsy.<ref name=Huffman2006>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Liquid diet: A diet in which only liquids are consumed. May be administered by clinicians for medical reasons, such as after a gastric bypass<ref>"Maradona has surgery on stomach" Template:Webarchive. BBC Sport. 6 March 2005. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref> or to prevent death through starvation from a hunger strike.<ref>"India woman's 10-year fast against anti-insurgent law" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• Low-FODMAP diet: A diet that consists in the global restriction of all fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs).
• Soft diet
• Specific carbohydrate diet: A diet that aims to restrict the intake of complex carbohydrates such as found in grains and complex sugars.<ref name=brown>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Fad diets

Template:Main A fad diet is a diet that is popular for a time, similar to fads in fashion, without being a standard dietary recommendation, and often promising unreasonably fast weight loss or nonsensical health improvements.<ref name="Hart2018">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Hanky2017">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="bda">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Oxford2013">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Zoumbaris2014">Template:Cite book</ref> There is no single definition of what a fad diet is, encompassing a variety of diets with different approaches and evidence bases, and thus different outcomes, advantages and disadvantages,<ref name="Hanky2017" /> and it is ever-changing.<ref name=Hart2018/><ref name="Hanky2017" /> Generally, fad diets promise short-term changes with little effort, and thus may lack educating consumers about whole-diet, whole lifestyle changes necessary for sustainable health benefits.<ref name="Hart2018" /><ref name="Hanky2017" /><ref name="Williams2013">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Shick1998">Template:Cite journal</ref> Fad diets are often promoted with exaggerated claims, such as rapid weight loss of more than 1 kg/week or improving health by "detoxification", or even dangerous claims.<ref name="Hanky2017" /><ref name="bda" /><ref name="phn">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="katz">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Since the "fad" qualification varies over time, social, cultural and subjective view, this list cannot be exhaustive,<ref name=Hart2018/> and fad diets may continue or stop being fads, such as the Mediterranean diet.<ref name="BrownIsaacs2010">Template:Cite book</ref> Some of them have therapeutic indications, such as epilepsy or obesity,<ref name="EatrightKeto">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="USGuidelines2013">Template:Cite journal</ref> and there is no one-size-fits-all diet that would be a panacea for everyone to lose weight or look better.<ref name=Hart2018/><ref name="Hanky2017" /> Dieticians are a regulated profession that can distinguish nutritionally sound diets from unhealthy ones.<ref name=bda/>

Food-specific diets

• Alkaline diet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Baby food diet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Banana and skim milk diet, a 1934 fad in the US, supported by a banana importer.<ref name=":1" />
• Cabbage soup diet, a recurring fad diet that dates back to the 1950s<ref name="NHS2018">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="globe">Crosariol, Beppi. 9 January 2014,The Globe and Mail, "Feeling frugal after the holidays? Try these 11 affordable wines Template:Webarchive". Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref><ref name=":1" />
• Carnivore diet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Clean eating<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Cookie diet<ref>Bix, Cynthia Overbeck. (2015). Fad Mania!: A History of American Crazes. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 43. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Egg and wine diet<ref>"Experts warn against the controversial 'egg and wine diet'" Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 5 December 2019.</ref>
• Food combining diet: A nutritional approach where certain food types are deliberately consumed together or separately. For instance, some weight control diets suggest that proteins and carbohydrates should not be consumed in the same meal.<ref name=sophisticated/>
• Fit for Life diet: Recommendations include not combining protein and carbohydrates, not drinking water at meal time, and avoiding dairy foods.<ref name=gale>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="famdoc">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Fruitarianism<ref>Template:Cite journal.</ref>
• Gluten free diet, while essential for people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, has also become a fad.<ref name="LebwoholLudvigsson-quotation">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="nytimes">Gluten-Free, Whether You Need It or Not Template:Webarchive. The New York Times.</ref><ref name="CBS">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Grapefruit diet<ref name="globe" /><ref name="KYfad">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lamb chop and pineapple diet<ref>Addison, Heather. (2000). Hollywood, Consumer Culture, and the Rise of "Body Shaping". In David Desser, Garth Jowett. Hollywood Goes Shopping. University of Minnesota Press. p. 22. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Macrobiotics, a fad diet in the 1960s<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name=":1" />
• Morning banana diet<ref>Toyama, Michiko. Time, 17 October 2008, "Japan Goes Bananas for a New Diet" Accessed 1 July 2011.</ref>
• Mucusless Diet<ref>Butler, Kurt; Rayner, Lynn. (1985). The Best Medicine: The Complete Health and Preventive Medicine Handbook. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco. pp. 133–135. Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Howard, Rosanne Beatrice; Herbold, Nancie Harvey. (1978). Nutrition in Clinical Care. McGraw-Hill. p. 276. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Paleolithic diet: Can refer either to the eating habits of humans during the Paleolithic era, or of modern dietary plans purporting to be based on these habits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The modern version was popular in the 2010s.<ref name=":1" />
• Pegan diet
• Rhubarb diet
• Superfood diet
• Whole30 diet<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Low-carbohydrate / high-fat diets

• Low-carbohydrate diet<ref name="globe" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Atkins diet, from 1994<ref name="KYfad" /><ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="matters">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":1" />
• Bulletproof diet<ref>"The Bulletproof Diet: simplistic, invalid and unscientific" Template:Webarchive. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</ref>
• Drinking Man's Diet, publicized in 1964 and promoting a high-fat, low-carb diet with alcoholic beverages<ref>Tunc, Tanfer Emin. (2018). The “Mad Men” of Nutrition: The Drinking Man’s Diet and Mid-Twentieth-Century American Masculinity Template:Webarchive. Global Food History 4 (2): 189–206.</ref>
• Dukan Diet<ref name="webmd" />
• Hamptons Diet<ref>Rastogi, Shweta. (2010). Eat Right To Stay Bright: Manage Diet To Manage Disease. Popular Prakashan. p. 63. Template:ISBN</ref><ref>"Eat beet, lose pounds (and five other dietary fads)" Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 22 December 2019.</ref>
• "Keto" or ketogenic diet (but for the purpose of weight loss instead of epilepsy seizures reduction)<ref name="EatrightKeto" /><ref name=bda-2018>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Pioppi Diet<ref name="bda2018">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Protein Power<ref>Stare, Fredrick John; Whelan, Elizabeth M. (1998). Protein Power by Michael R. Eades, M.D., and Mary Dan Eades, M.D. In Fad-Free Nutrition. Hunter House Inc. pp. 205–207. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Rosedale diet<ref name=sbm>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Salisbury diet<ref>Akis, Eric. (2017). "The original low-carb diet" Template:Webarchive. Times Colonist. Retrieved 2 December 2018.</ref>
• Stillman diet<ref>Kuske, Terrence T. Quackery and Fad Diets. In Elaine B. Feldman. (1983). Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years. John Wright & Sons. p. 297. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Sugar Busters<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="matters" />
• Zone diet: A diet in first published in 1995 which a person attempts to split calorie intake from carbohydrates, proteins and fats in a 40:30:30 ratio.<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="KYfad" /><ref name=bbcatkins>"Study backs worth of Atkins diet" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 7 March 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref><ref name=":1" />
• Other high-fat variants.
• Scarsdale medical diet<ref name="KYfad" /><ref name="StJames">Tina Gianoulis, "Dieting" in the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Ed. Thomas Riggs. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Detroit: St. James Press, 2013. p106-108. Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Fad Diets Template:Webarchive Sandra Bastin, Ph.D., R.D., L.D. Cooperative Extension Service. University of Kentucky – College of Agriculture. March 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2015</ref><ref>Jane E Brody for the New York Times. 3 June 1981 Personal Health: Another Entry in the Annals of Fad Diets Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Southern Nevada Health District. 2015 Back to the 80s: Fad Diets Template:Webarchive</ref>
• South Beach Diet<ref name="KYfad" /><ref name="DeBruyne">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• The 4-Hour Body<ref>Hiatt, Kurtis. 1 March 2011, U.S. News & World Report, "'The 4-Hour Body'—Does It Deliver Results? Template:Webarchive".</ref>

High-carbohydrate / low-fat diets

• F-plan<ref>Speakman, John R. (2003). Obesity:- Part three – failed solutions and new ideas. Biologist 50 (3): 1–6.</ref>
• Ornish diet<ref name="famdoc" /><ref>Ayers, Suzan F; Sariscsany, Mary Jo. (2011). Physical Education for Lifelong Fitness: The Physical Best Teacher's Guide. National Association for Sport and Physical Education. p. 65. Template:ISBN</ref>
• McDougall diet<ref name=free>Template:Cite book</ref>·
• Pritikin Diet: A diet which focuses on the consumption of unprocessed food.<ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="globe" /><ref name="Alters2012">Template:Cite book</ref>
• Rice diet<ref name="Alters2012"/>
• The Good Carbohydrate Revolution<ref name="famdoc" />

Liquid diets

• Liquid diets
• Cambridge Diet<ref name="famdoc" />
• Slim-Fast<ref name="famdoc" />
• KE diet

Fasting

• 5:2 diet<ref name="NHS2018" />
• Breatharian diet: A diet based on a belief that people can sustain with spirituality and sunlight alone, but leads to starvation and devotees have been spotted eating and drinking in hiding.<ref name="Wdowik2017">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Dubrow Diet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Intermittent fasting<ref name="Hart2018"/>
• Juice fasting<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Orthopathy<ref>Barrett, Stephen; Herbert, Victor. Questionable Practices in Foods and Nutrition: Definitions and Descriptions. (2002). In Carolyn D. Berdanier. Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC Press. p. 1493. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Protein-sparing modified fast
• Sleeping Beauty diet, a 1976 diet in which people were sedated with drugs so they would not eat for several days.<ref name=":1" />

Detoxifying

• Detox diet<ref name="BDA2019">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="webmd">webmd.com, 22 April 2011, "Are Fad Diets Worth the Risk? Template:Webarchive". Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref>
• Fat Flush Plan<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Lemon detox diet<ref name="finder.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="worst">news.com.au. 8 January 2014, "The worst diets of 2013 – and the best for 2014 Template:Webarchive". Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Activated charcoal diet<ref name=TheConversation2019>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Wheatgrass diet<ref>Wheatgrass Therapy Template:Webarchive. National Council Against Health Fraud.</ref>

Other fad diets

• Blood type diet: A 1996 diet based on a belief that people's diets should reflect their blood types.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="famdoc" /><ref name="BDA2019" /><ref>Walden, Celia (16 June 2010). "The blood-type diet: Weight loss need not be in vein". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>
• Cotton ball diet<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="ABC">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Immune Power Diet<ref>Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Prometheus Books. pp. 151–152. Template:ISBN</ref>
• Werewolf diet<ref>The Latest Diet Fad That Involves...Werewolves? Oh, And Moons Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 22 December 2019.</ref>

Vegetarian diets

A vegetarian diet is one which excludes meat. Vegetarians also avoid food containing by-products of animal slaughter, such as animal-derived rennet and gelatin.<ref name=vegetarian>"What is a vegetarian?" Template:Webarchive. Vegetarian Society. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref>

• Fruitarian diet: A diet which predominantly consists of raw fruit.<ref>"Let them eat air..." Template:Webarchive. The Guardian. 28 September 1999. Retrieved 10 March 2012.</ref>
• Lacto vegetarianism: A vegetarian diet that includes certain types of dairy, but excludes eggs and foods which contain animal rennet.<ref name=bbcvegetarian>Hunter, Fiona (April 2011). "Vegetarian and vegan diets" Template:Webarchive. BBC Health. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref> A common diet among followers of several religions, including Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, based on the principle of Ahimsa (non-harming).<ref name=hindudiet>(Dasa, Shukavak N.) "Non Harming: Ahimsa" Template:Webarchive. Devasthanam. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• Ovo vegetarianism: A vegetarian diet that includes eggs, but excludes dairy.
• Ovo-lacto vegetarianism: A vegetarian diet that includes eggs and dairy.<ref name="bbcvegetarian" />
• Vegan diet: In addition to the abstentions of a vegetarian diet, vegans do not use any product produced by animals, such as eggs, dairy products, or honey.<ref name=vegetarian/> The vegan philosophy and lifestyle is broader than just the diet and also includes abstaining from using any products tested on animals and often campaigning for animal welfare and animal rights.

Semi-vegetarian diets

• Semi-vegetarianism: A predominantly vegetarian diet, in which meat is occasionally consumed. This includes "flexitarian", reducetarian and demitarian diets <ref>Fellowes, Jessica (14 November 2008). "The new vegetarianism: introducing the flexitarian". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 March 2012.</ref> Sometimes semi-vegetarian and flexitarian diets are defined as distinct from one another, where the former is defined as abstaining from red meat while the latter simply entails only eating meat infrequently.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Pescetarianism: A diet which includes seafood, but not poultry, other white meat or meat from mammals.
• Pollotarianism: A diet which includes poultry, but no other white meat, seafood or meat from mammals.
• Kangatarian: A diet originating from Australia. In addition to foods permissible in a vegetarian diet, kangaroo meat is also consumed.<ref>Barone, Tayissa (9 February 2010). "Kangatarians jump the divide" Template:Webarchive. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 January 2012.</ref> The name is a protologism that may have started out as a joke rather than a dietary term or identifying label that was ever intended to be taken seriously or used unironically.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Planetary health diet: Dietary paradigms that have the following aims: to feed a growing world's population, to greatly reduce the worldwide number of deaths caused by poor diet, and to be environmentally sustainable as to prevent the collapse of the natural world.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Plant-based diet: A broad term to describe diets in which animal products do not form a large proportion of the diet. Under some definitions a plant-based diet is fully vegetarian; under others it is possible to follow a plant-based diet whilst occasionally consuming meat.<ref name="US News & World Report Health">Template:Cite news</ref>

Other diets

• Alkaline diet: The avoidance of relatively acidic foods – foods with low pH levels – such as alcohol, caffeine, dairy, fungi, grains, meat, and sugar. Proponents believe such a diet may have health benefits;<ref>Dawson-Hughes, Bess (January 2008). "The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism" Template:Webarchive. Tufts University. Medpagetoday.com Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref> critics consider the arguments to have no scientific basis.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Clean eating or the Macrobiotic diet
• Climatarian diet: A diet focused on reducing the carbon footprint of the consumed food, particularly through the consumption of locally sourced food and the avoidance of beef and lamb meat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Adherents may also be "organivores" (strong proponents of certified organic foods over intensively farmed foods).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Eat-clean diet: Focuses on eating foods without preservatives, and on mixing lean proteins with complex carbohydrates.<ref>Reno, Tosca. (2007). The Eat-Clean Diet. Robert Kennedy Publishing. Template:ISBN.</ref>
• Gerson therapy: A form of alternative medicine, the diet is low salt, low fat and vegetarian, and also involves taking specific supplements. It was developed by Max Gerson, who claimed the therapy could cure cancer and chronic, degenerative diseases. These claims have not been scientifically proven, and they can cause serious illness and death.<ref name=ACS>"Gerson Therapy" Template:Webarchive. American Cancer Society. Retrieved 22 April 2009.</ref>
• The Graham Diet: A high-fiber vegetarian diet which promotes whole-wheat flour and discourages the consumption of stimulants such as alcohol and caffeine. Promoted by Sylvester Graham beginning in 1830.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Sylvester Graham (1795–1851)" Template:Webarchive. International Vegetarian Union. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref>
• Hay diet: A food-combining diet developed by William Howard Hay in the 1920s. Divides foods into separate groups, and suggests that proteins and carbohydrates should not be consumed in the same meal.<ref name=sophisticated>"Sophisticated diets 'no advantage'" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 6 April 2000. Retrieved 14 February 2012.</ref>
• High-protein diet: A diet in which high quantities of protein are consumed with the intention of building muscle. Not to be confused with low-carb diets, where the intention is to lose weight by restricting carbohydrates.
• High residue diet: A diet in which high quantities of dietary fiber are consumed. High-fiber foods include certain fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains.<ref name=mayoclinic>"High Fiber Diet" Template:Webarchive. Mayo Clinic. 15 August 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2011.</ref>

A group of people in winter clothing, standing around piles of meat lying on the snow.

Sharing of frozen, aged walrus meat among Inuit families

• Inuit diet: Inuit traditionally consume food that is fished, hunted or gathered locally, predominantly meat and fish.<ref>Gill, Victoria (13 August 2010). "Scientist will live as an Inuit for one year" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</ref> This was promoted as a fad diet in 1928.<ref name=":1" />
• Jenny Craig: A weight-loss program from Jenny Craig, Inc. It includes weight counselling among other elements. The dietary aspect involves the consumption of pre-packaged food produced by the company.<ref>"How Jenny Craig works" Template:Webarchive. Jenny Craig, Inc. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• Locavore diet: a neologism describing the eating of food that is locally produced, and not moved long distances to market. An example of this was explored in the book 100-Mile Diet, in which the authors only consumed food grown within 100 miles of their residence for a year.<ref>Smith, Alisa; Mackinnon, J.B. (March 2007). The 100-Mile Diet: A Year of Local Eating. Random House Canada. Template:ISBN.</ref> People who follow this type of diet are sometimes known as locavores.
• Low glycemic index diet
• Low-protein diet
• Low sodium diet
• Low-sulfur diet

An assortment of foods on a worktop. They are: tofu, wheat miso, bancha tea, umeboshi prumes brown rice, sea salt and nori.

Some common macrobiotic ingredients

• Mediterranean diet: A diet based on habits of some southern European countries. One of the more distinct features is that olive oil is used as the primary source of fat.<ref>"Low-fat, Mediterranean and low-carb diets 'help heart'" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• MIND diet: combines the portions of the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet. The diet is intended to reduce neurological deterioration such as Alzheimer's disease.<ref name="Marcason 2015">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Montignac diet: A weight-loss diet characterised by consuming carbohydrates with a low glycemic index.<ref>Rhodes, Chloe (21 November 2005). "Diet another day: the Montignac diet". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• Mushroom diet: A mushroom-predominant diet.
• Negative calorie diet: A claim by many weight-loss diets that some foods take more calories to digest than they provide, such as celery. The basis for this claim is disputed.<ref>Snyderman, Nancy (6 May 2009). "There are no negative-calorie foods". Time. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref>
• Okinawa diet: A low-calorie diet based on the traditional eating habits of people from the Ryukyu Islands.
• Omnivorous diet: An omnivore consumes diverse range of both plant and animal-based food.<ref>"Definition for omnivore". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref>
• Organic food diet: A diet consisting only of food which is organic – it has not been produced with modern inputs such as synthetic fertilizers, genetic modification, irradiation, antibiotics, growth hormones, or synthetic food additives.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Prison loaf: A meal replacement served in some United States prisons to inmates who are not trusted to use cutlery. Its composition varies between institutions and states, but as a replacement for standard food, it is intended to provide inmates with all their dietary needs.
• Raw foodism: A diet which centres on the consumption of uncooked and unprocessed food. Often associated with a vegetarian diet,<ref>"Raw food eaters thin but healthy" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 29 March 2005. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> although some raw food dieters do consume raw meat.<ref>Green, Emily (31 January 2001). "Meat but no heat" . Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 March 2012.</ref> It was a fad in 2000.<ref name=":1" />
• Shangri-La Diet
• Slimming World diet
• Slow-carb diet
• Smart For Life
• Sonoma diet: A diet based on portion control and centered around consuming "power foods"
• SparkPeople diet
• Sugar Busters!: A 1995 diet that focuses on restricting the consumption of refined carbohydrates, particularly sugars.<ref>Gorman, Christine (24 June 2001). "Sugar Busters!". Time. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</ref><ref name=":1" />
• Western pattern diet (WPD): 'Default' diet in many developed countries, especially the Anglosphere. The name is from "Western world" and is interchanged with "standard American diet" and "meat-sweet diet" due to the high amount of meat (total), red meats (particularly), dairy, sweets and refined cereals.<ref>"Western diet risk to Asian women" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2012.</ref> Subpar intake of whole grains, legumes, tree nuts, produce and seafood is the norm.<ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Page needed</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> WPDs are distinguished from other unbalanced diets by heavy inclusion of 'junk food' and other ultra-processed foods that generally provide substantial empty calories, carbohydrates, saturated fat, industrial trans fat, added sugar/free sugars, added salt, artificial flavor/sweetener and other processing ingredients. Archetypal examples include: RTE cereals, white breads, fast food, other convenience meals, cured meat dishes, smoked/fried meats, fried dough foods, shallow/deep fried potatoes, other foods intensely fried in rendered fat/refined oil, sugary/fatty discretionary foods (e.g., sauce, candy), colas and other sweetened soft drinks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

See also

• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
• Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws
• Dietitian
• British Dietetic Association
• Eating disorder
• Eatwell plate
• Food security
• Intuitive eating
• List of diet food creators
• Nutritional rating systems
• Online weight loss plans
• Vegetarianism and religion
• Veganism