Editing Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle

{{Short description|French writer and composer (1760–1836)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          = Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
| image         = Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.jpg
| image_size    = 
| caption       = Rouget de Lisle in 1835
| birth_date    = {{birth-date|10 May 1760}}
| death_date    = {{death-date and age|26 June 1836|10 May 1760}}
| birth_place   = [[Lons-le-Saunier]], France
| death_place   = [[Choisy-le-Roi]], [[Seine-et-Oise]], France
| allegiance    = France
| branch        = [[French Army]]
| serviceyears  = 1784–1793
| rank          = Captain
| battles       = 
| awards        = Chevalier. [[Legion of Honour]] (1831)<ref name=Masterpieces/><ref name=NYT/>
| laterwork     = {{Lang|fr|Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin}}, "{{Lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise]]|italic=no}}"
}}
'''Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle'''{{efn|Sometimes spelled '''de l'Isle''' or '''de Lile'''.<ref>Brian N. Morton, Donald C. Spinelli, ''Beaumarchais and the American Revolution'' (Lexington Books, 2003), p. 303, {{ISBN|9780739104682}}.</ref>}} ({{IPA|fr|klod ʒozɛf ʁuʒɛ d(ə) lil|lang}}; 10 May 1760 – 26 June 1836) was a French army officer of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. Lisle is known for writing the words and music of the {{Lang|fr|Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin}}, which would later be known as {{Lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise]]}} and become the French [[national anthem]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Early life==
Rouget de Lisle was born at [[Lons-le-Saunier]], reputedly on a market day. His parents lived in the neighbouring village of [[Montaigu, Jura|Montaigu]].<ref>[http://www.laterredecheznous.com/news/archivestory.php/aid/942/Lons,_une__petite__ville_en_lettres_capitales.html Lons, une "petite" ville en lettres capitales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313053400/http://www.laterredecheznous.com/news/archivestory.php/aid/942/Lons,_une__petite__ville_en_lettres_capitales.html |date=13 March 2022 }} at La Terre de chez nous (in French) 10 April 2004; retrieved 7 August 2013.</ref> A plaque was placed at the precise spot of his birth and a statue erected in the town's center in 1882. He was the eldest son of Claude Ignace Rouget (5 April 1735 – 6 August 1792) at [[Orgelet]] and Jeanne Madeleine Gaillande (2 July 1734 – 20 March 1811).<ref name="G">[http://www.geneall.net/F/per_page.php?id=475543 Family Tree Rouget]</ref>

In 1784, he was initiated into "Les Frères discrets", a [[masonic lodge]] in [[Charleville-Mézières|Charleville]], just after being promoted officer.<ref>''Dictionnaire Universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie'', ed. Jode and Cara (Larousse, 2011).</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Pils rouget lisle chantant marseillaise mb (Musée).jpg|thumb|left|''Rouget de Lisle sings {{Lang|fr|la Marseillaise}} for the first time'', by [[Isidore Pils]]]]
He enlisted into the army as an engineer and attained the rank of captain. A royalist like his father, he refused to take the oath of allegiance to the new constitution.<ref name=Masterpieces>Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Richard Stockton, Nathan Haskell Dole, Julian Hawthorne, Caroline Ticknor: ''The World's Great Masterpieces'' (American Literary Society, 1901), [https://books.google.com/books?id=JxiGAAAAIAAJ&dq=Claude_Joseph_Rouget_de_Lisle&pg=PA9577 p. 9577].</ref> Rouget de Lisle was cashiered and thrown into prison in 1793, narrowly escaping the guillotine.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He was freed during the [[Thermidorian Reaction]] and retired to Montague.<ref name=Masterpieces/>

===La Marseillaise===
[[File:Lons-le-Saunier - Rouget de l'Isle.jpg|thumb|Statue of Rouget de Lisle in [[Lons-le-Saunier]], France.]]
The song that has immortalized him, "La Marseillaise", was composed at [[Strasbourg]], where Rouget de Lisle was garrisoned in April 1792. However, another composition with the same tune <ref> Camerata Ducale & Guido Raimonda. Giovan Battista Viotti: Tema e Variazioni in Do Maggiore [https://youtube.com/gmXtg3WnQTY?si=tB4-DU2a1hAxjDEy] </ref> was composed 11 years before by the Italian composer [[Giovan Battista Viotti]] at the court of [[Marie Antoinette]]. France had just declared war on Austria, and the mayor of Strasbourg and worshipful master of the local masonic lodge, [[baron]] [[Philippe Friedrich Dietrich|Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich]], held a dinner for the officers of the garrison, at which he lamented that France had no national anthem. Rouget de Lisle returned to his quarters and wrote the words in a fit of patriotic excitement. The piece was at first called {{Lang|fr|Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin}} ("War Song for the [[Army of the Rhine]]") and only received its name of ''Marseillaise'' from its adoption by the [[Provence|Provençal]] volunteers whom [[Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux|Barbaroux]] introduced into Paris and who were prominent in the storming of the [[Tuileries Palace]] on [[10 August (French Revolution)|10 August 1792]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref name=NYT>''The New York Times Current History: The European War'', Volume 16, 1918. [https://books.google.com/books?id=au19AAAAMAAJ&dq=Claude_Joseph_Rouget_de_Lisle&pg=PA204 p. 200].</ref>

After the war, Rouget de Lisle wrote a few other songs of the same kind as the "Marseillaise", and in 1825 he published ''Chants français'' (''French Songs'') in which he set to music fifty poems by various authors. His ''Essais en vers et en prose'' (''Essays in Verse and Prose'', 1797) contains the ''Marseillaise''; a [[prose]] tale ''Adelaide et Monville'' of the sentimental kind; and some occasional poems.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He returned to public life after the [[July Revolution]] and was awarded the [[Legion of Honour]] by [[Louis Philippe I]].<ref name=NYT/>

==Death==
[[File:Deuxième Tombeau Rouget Lisle Cimetière - Choisy-le-Roi (FR94) - 2021-03-07 - 3.jpg|thumb|right|Rouget de Lisle's [[cenotaph]] in Choisy-le-Roi, France.]]
Rouget de Lisle died in poverty in [[Choisy-le-Roi, Val de Marne]].<ref name=davies>Norman Davies: ''Europe: A history'', p. 718.</ref> His mortal remains were transferred from [[Choisy-le-Roi]] cemetery to the [[Invalides]] on 14 July 1915, during [[World War I]].<ref name=davies/><ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=HNS19151026.2.9 The Marsellaise. Honouring its author] ''Hawera & Normanby Star'' 26 October 1915, at [[National Library of New Zealand]]</ref><ref>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1537604 Tribute to Composer] ''[[The Argus (Australia)|The Argus]]'', 16 July 1915, p. 7, at [[National Library of Australia#Trove|Trove]].</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph|volume=23|page=770}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle}}
{{wikiquote|Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle}}
* {{Wikisource-inline|list=
** {{cite NIE|wstitle=Rouget de l'Isle, Claude Joseph|year=1905 |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite Nuttall|title=Rouget de Lisle |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite Americana|wstitle=Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite Collier's|wstitle=Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph |short=x |noicon=x}}
}}
* {{IMSLP|Rouget de Lisle, Claude-Joseph|Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rouget De Lisle, Claude Joseph}}
[[Category:1760 births]]
[[Category:1836 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century French classical composers]]
[[Category:18th-century French poets]]
[[Category:18th-century French male musicians]]
[[Category:18th-century French male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century French classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century French dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century French poets]]
[[Category:19th-century French male musicians]]
[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:French Classical-period composers]]
[[Category:French Freemasons]]
[[Category:French male classical composers]]
[[Category:French prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:French Romantic composers]]
[[Category:National anthem writers]]
[[Category:People from Jura (department)]]
[[Category:People of the French Revolution]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of France]]