Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military person Claude Joseph Rouget de LisleTemplate:Efn (Template:IPA; 10 May 1760 – 26 June 1836) was a French army officer of the French Revolutionary Wars. Lisle is known for writing the words and music of the Template:Lang, which would later be known as Template:Lang and become the French national anthem.Template:Sfn
Early life
[edit]Rouget de Lisle was born at Lons-le-Saunier, reputedly on a market day. His parents lived in the neighbouring village of Montaigu.<ref>Lons, une "petite" ville en lettres capitales Template:Webarchive at La Terre de chez nous (in French) 10 April 2004; retrieved 7 August 2013.</ref> A plaque was placed at the precise spot of his birth and a statue erected in the town's center in 1882. He was the eldest son of Claude Ignace Rouget (5 April 1735 – 6 August 1792) at Orgelet and Jeanne Madeleine Gaillande (2 July 1734 – 20 March 1811).<ref name="G">Family Tree Rouget</ref>
In 1784, he was initiated into "Les Frères discrets", a masonic lodge in Charleville, just after being promoted officer.<ref>Dictionnaire Universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie, ed. Jode and Cara (Larousse, 2011).</ref>
Career
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He enlisted into the army as an engineer and attained the rank of captain. A royalist like his father, he refused to take the oath of allegiance to the new constitution.<ref name=Masterpieces>Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Richard Stockton, Nathan Haskell Dole, Julian Hawthorne, Caroline Ticknor: The World's Great Masterpieces (American Literary Society, 1901), p. 9577.</ref> Rouget de Lisle was cashiered and thrown into prison in 1793, narrowly escaping the guillotine.Template:Sfn He was freed during the Thermidorian Reaction and retired to Montague.<ref name=Masterpieces/>
La Marseillaise
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The song that has immortalized him, "La Marseillaise", was composed at Strasbourg, where Rouget de Lisle was garrisoned in April 1792. However, another composition with the same tune <ref> Camerata Ducale & Guido Raimonda. Giovan Battista Viotti: Tema e Variazioni in Do Maggiore [1] </ref> was composed 11 years before by the Italian composer Giovan Battista Viotti at the court of Marie Antoinette. France had just declared war on Austria, and the mayor of Strasbourg and worshipful master of the local masonic lodge, baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, held a dinner for the officers of the garrison, at which he lamented that France had no national anthem. Rouget de Lisle returned to his quarters and wrote the words in a fit of patriotic excitement. The piece was at first called Template:Lang ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine") and only received its name of Marseillaise from its adoption by the Provençal volunteers whom Barbaroux introduced into Paris and who were prominent in the storming of the Tuileries Palace on 10 August 1792.Template:Sfn<ref name=NYT>The New York Times Current History: The European War, Volume 16, 1918. p. 200.</ref>
After the war, Rouget de Lisle wrote a few other songs of the same kind as the "Marseillaise", and in 1825 he published Chants français (French Songs) in which he set to music fifty poems by various authors. His Essais en vers et en prose (Essays in Verse and Prose, 1797) contains the Marseillaise; a prose tale Adelaide et Monville of the sentimental kind; and some occasional poems.Template:Sfn He returned to public life after the July Revolution and was awarded the Legion of Honour by Louis Philippe I.<ref name=NYT/>
Death
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Rouget de Lisle died in poverty in Choisy-le-Roi, Val de Marne.<ref name=davies>Norman Davies: Europe: A history, p. 718.</ref> His mortal remains were transferred from Choisy-le-Roi cemetery to the Invalides on 14 July 1915, during World War I.<ref name=davies/><ref>The Marsellaise. Honouring its author Hawera & Normanby Star 26 October 1915, at National Library of New Zealand</ref><ref>Tribute to Composer The Argus, 16 July 1915, p. 7, at Trove.</ref>
Notes
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- 1760 births
- 1836 deaths
- 18th-century French classical composers
- 18th-century French poets
- 18th-century French male musicians
- 18th-century French male writers
- 19th-century French classical composers
- 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
- 19th-century French poets
- 19th-century French male musicians
- Knights of the Legion of Honour
- French Classical-period composers
- French Freemasons
- French male classical composers
- French prisoners and detainees
- French Romantic composers
- National anthem writers
- People from Jura (department)
- People of the French Revolution
- Prisoners and detainees of France