Editing Adornment

{{short description|Accessory or ornament worn to enhance the beauty or status of the wearer}}
[[Image:Bundu girls whitened.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The principal adornment of these girls from the Bundu tribe in [[Sierra Leone]] is the adornment of bodies and faces with markings produced by the smearing on by the fingers of a substance called "wojeh", composed of white clay and animal fat.]]
[[File:Calabar adornments Bird Feather stalks.jpg|thumb|Calabar adornments Bird Feather stalks]]
An '''adornment''' is generally an accessory or [[Ornament (art)|ornament]] worn to enhance the [[beauty]] or status of the wearer. They are often worn to embellish, enhance, or distinguish the wearer, and to define cultural, social, or religious status within a specific community. When worn to show economic status, the items are often either rare or prohibitively expensive to others. Adornments are usually colourful, and worn to attract attention.

They have a long history, around the world, from feathers or bone, to modern accessories, such as jewellery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transoxiana.org/0110/neva-jewelry.html |title=Types and Forms of Ancient Jewelry from Central Asia - Neva - Transoxiana 10 |publisher=Transoxiana.org |access-date=2010-07-30| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100721172044/http://www.transoxiana.org/0110/neva-jewelry.html| archive-date= 21 July 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Items of adornment are also used by warriors, and by other members of the military to show rank or achievement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://areainfo.asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/english/areainfo/adornments_e.html |title=Adornments of the Samburu in Northern Kenya: A Comprehensive List 21COE |publisher=Areainfo.asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp |access-date=2010-07-30}}</ref>

==Items of adornment==
These include cosmetics, jewellery, clothing accessories, facial hair, fingernail modification, piercing, lip plates, tattooing, braiding, and headgear.

==Cultures, subcultures, and institutions==
Groups who practice adornment include the [[yakuza]], military, religious institutions, [[tribe|tribal]] groups, and the [[punk culture]].<ref>{{cite book | isbn=978-0313336959 |title=Greenwood Publishing Group|last1=Demello |first1=Margo |year=2007 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref>
Items of adornment can tell us about a person's rank, social status, gender role, area of origin, etc. An example would be the beaded jewelry worn by the [[Maasai people|Maasai]] tribe, which is very specific to them and some related tribes.

In [[Islamic culture]], adornments have included caps such as the [[kufi]] and [[Taqiyah (cap)|taqiyah]] for men,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhU7EAAAQBAJ&dq=kufi+cap+adornment&pg=PT26 | title=Embodying Black Religions in Africa and Its Diasporas | isbn=978-1-4780-1311-2 | last1=Covington-Ward | first1=Yolanda | last2=Jouili | first2=Jeanette S. | date=9 August 2021 | publisher=Duke University Press }}</ref><ref name="sunnewsonline">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/fashionbeauty/2005/jan/14/fashion-beauty-14-01-2005-004.htm|title=Senior caps|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326195403/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/fashionbeauty/2005/jan/14/fashion-beauty-14-01-2005-004.htm|archive-date=2010-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.7759/cureus.45528 | doi-access=free | title=Dermatological Implications of the Taqiyah and Imamah: Recommendations for Delivering Culturally Conscious Care | date=2023 | last1=Irfan | first1=Bilal | last2=Yaqoob | first2=Aneela | last3=Irfan | first3=Bilal | last4=Yaqoob | first4=Aneela | journal=Cureus | volume=15 | issue=9 | pages=e45528 | pmid=37868539 | pmc=10585659 }}</ref> and the [[hijab]] for women.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ejf_DwAAQBAJ&dq=hijab+as+adornment&pg=PA117 | title=Representing Islam: Hip-Hop of the September 11 Generation | isbn=978-0-253-05305-3 | last1=Nasir | first1=Kamaludeen Mohamed | date=December 2020 | publisher=Indiana University Press }}</ref>

==Images==
<gallery>
Image:Ilker Basbug.jpg|A heavily adorned general
Image:Shona witch doctor (Zimbabwe).jpg|A [[Shona people|Shona]] [[witch doctor]] wearing skins and beads
Image:BentoXVI-30-10052007.jpg|[[Pope Benedict XVI]]
Image:Daisy Tanks 20080110 Adult Entertainment Expo 2.jpg|Punk adornment
Image:Bling-bling jewelry.jpg|A modern example of adornment: [[Bling-bling]]
Image:Maasai jewelry.jpg|Maasai beaded jewelry
Image:LA2-NSRW-2-0065_trimmed.jpg|Examples of social attire, a form of adornment, from the European Renaissance through the 19th Century
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Fashion accessory]]
* [[Body modification]]
* [[Native American jewelry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Kniel, N; Wright, T:''Ribbon: The Art of Adornment'', press, {{ISBN|978-1-4236-0346-7}}
* Boucher, François:''[[20,000 Years of Fashion]]: The History of Costume and Personal Adornment'', H.N. Abrams, 1987.
* White, Carolyn L.:''American Artifacts of Personal Adornment, 1680-1820:A Guide to Identification and Interpretation'', Altamira Press, 2005, {{ISBN|978-0-7591-0589-8}}, {{ISBN|0-7591-0589-8}}
* Bouchot, Henri:''The Printed Book, Its History, Illustration, and Adornment, from the Days of Gutenberg to the Present Time'', General Books, 2010, {{ISBN|978-1-153-10013-7}}, {{ISBN|1-153-10013-4}}
*Gurel, Lois M., Beeson, Marianne S.:''Dimensions of dress and adornment: a book of readings'', Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1979.
*{{cite book |author=LaGamma, Alisa | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/84244 |title=Metropolitan jewelry | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=1991 | isbn=0870996169}}

==External links==
* [http://204.39.0.101/smart/lesson_pdfs/11_DIA/11_dia_lssn_2.pdf Examples of African adornment]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Clothing}}

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[[Category:Fashion]]
[[Category:Body modification]]
[[Category:History of clothing]]