Editing 1991 (section)

===August===
{{redirect|August 1991|the film|August 1991 (film)}}
[[File:Обломки рухнувшей Варшавской радиомачты.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|The [[Warsaw radio mast]] after its collapse on [[August 8]]]]
[[File:1991 coup attempt1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[August 19]]: The coup attempt in Moscow]]
* [[August 1]] – [[Israel]] agrees to participate in the [[Madrid Conference of 1991]], which opens on October 30.
* [[August 4]] – The cruise liner ''[[MTS Oceanos]]'' sinks off the [[Cape of Good Hope|coast of South Africa]], leading to the rescue of all 571 passengers on board by [[South African Air Force|SAAF]] helicopters.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wren|first=Christopher S.|date=August 5, 1991|title=Over 500 Are Rescued as Greek Cruise Ship Sinks Off South African Coast|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/05/world/over-500-are-rescued-as-greek-cruise-ship-sinks-off-south-african-coast.html|access-date=June 13, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318061753/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/05/world/over-500-are-rescued-as-greek-cruise-ship-sinks-off-south-african-coast.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Eddings|first=Jerelyn|title=South Africa probes cause of luxury liner's sinking|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-08-06-1991218021-story.html|access-date=June 13, 2021|website=The Baltimore Sun|date=August 6, 1991|archive-date=June 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622053131/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-08-06-1991218021-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 6]] – [[Tim Berners-Lee]] announces the [[World Wide Web]] project and software on the alt.hypertext newsgroup. The first website, "info.cern.ch", is created.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Release: W3C Launches International Program Office for WAI|url=https://www.w3.org/Press/IPO-announce.html|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=w3.org|date=October 22, 1997|archive-date=August 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802135953/https://www.w3.org/Press/IPO-announce.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A short history of the Web|url=https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=CERN|archive-date=April 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417082120/https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 7]] – Former Iranian [[Prime Minister of Iran|prime minister]] [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] is assassinated in the Parisian suburb of [[Suresnes]].<ref name="f2410">{{cite news|last=Jacinto|first=Leela|date=May 19, 2010|title=Ali Vakili Rad: The Perfect Murder and An Imperfect Getaway|website=[[France 24]]|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20100518-ali-vakili-rad-perfect-murder-imperfect-getaway-shapour-bakhtiar|access-date=July 31, 2013|archive-date=August 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809141440/http://www.france24.com/en/20100518-ali-vakili-rad-perfect-murder-imperfect-getaway-shapour-bakhtiar|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] – The [[Warsaw radio mast]], the tallest structure in the world at the time, collapses.<ref>{{cite web|title=25 years ago today, the tallest structure on earth you've never heard of collapsed|url=https://www.newstalk.com/news/25-year-ago-today-the-tallest-structure-on-earth-youve-never-heard-of-collapsed-582011|date=August 9, 2016|website=[[Newstalk.com]]|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193132/https://www.newstalk.com/news/25-year-ago-today-the-tallest-structure-on-earth-youve-never-heard-of-collapsed-582011|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 17]] – The remains of the [[Prussian King]] [[Frederick the Great]] are re-interred in [[Potsdam]], Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thorson|first=Larry|title=Precede Hechingen Frederick The Great Being Returned To Prussian Grave|url=https://apnews.com/article/6c528d7edbe51167154a830b564d6143|date=August 17, 1991|access-date=June 12, 2021|work=Associated Press News|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/https://apnews.com/article/6c528d7edbe51167154a830b564d6143|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fisher|first=Marc|date=August 16, 1991|title=Frederick The Grave|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/08/17/frederick-the-grave/20b2dfdd-69fa-487d-a568-77ffa8cda4df/|access-date=June 12, 2021|newspaper=The Washington Post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125093149/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/08/17/frederick-the-grave/20b2dfdd-69fa-487d-a568-77ffa8cda4df/|archive-date=November 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Tamara|date=August 13, 1991|title=Postscript : Coming Home to Rest After 205 Years, 6 Stops : Frederick the Great wanted to be buried in the garden of his summer palace. Now, he's about to get his wish.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-13-wr-1088-story.html|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-13-wr-1088-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 17]] – [[August 20|20]] – [[Hurricane Bob]] hits [[North Carolina]] and [[New England]], killing 17 people and causing US$1.5&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref>{{Cite web|last=US Department of Commerce|first=NOAA|title=Hurricane Bob, August 18–19, 1991|url=https://www.weather.gov/mhx/HurricaneBob1991EventReview|access-date=June 13, 2021|website=weather.gov|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613003526/https://www.weather.gov/mhx/HurricaneBob1991EventReview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=August 19, 1991|title=Hurricane Hits North Carolina and Moves North|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/us/hurricane-hits-north-carolina-and-moves-north.html|access-date=June 13, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002023/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/us/hurricane-hits-north-carolina-and-moves-north.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hurricane Bob Howls into New England After Lashing Long Island, East Coast|url=https://apnews.com/article/8aa2b54331db039d8a6c4b963870da71|date=August 19, 1991|access-date=June 13, 2021|work=Associated Press News|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616042824/https://apnews.com/article/8aa2b54331db039d8a6c4b963870da71|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 19]] – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: [[Soviet President]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] is put under [[house arrest]] while vacationing in [[Crimea]] during [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|an attempted coup]]. Led by [[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Vice President]] [[Gennady Yanayev]] and seven others, the coup collapses in less than 72 hours and is protested by over 100,000 people outside the [[White House (Moscow)|parliament building]]. Gorbachev returns to [[Moscow]] three days later and arrests the coup leaders.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soviet Coup of 1991 {{!}} Soviet history|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Soviet-Coup-of-1991|access-date=June 13, 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|archive-date=May 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501093549/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Soviet-Coup-of-1991|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=August 18, 2011|title=Moscow 1991: A coup that seemed doomed from the start|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-14579945|access-date=June 13, 2021|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-14579945|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 20]] – Singing Revolution: [[Estonia]] declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by [[Latvia]] the next day.
[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|thumb|upright=0.75|Restored flag of Russia]]
* [[August 22]] – Singing Revolution: [[Iceland]] becomes the first nation to recognize the independence of the [[Baltic states]]. It is followed by the U.S. on September 2 and the [[Soviet Union]] on September 6.<ref>{{Cite web|title=25 years ago today: Iceland recognises Estonia and Latvia|url=https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2016/08/22/25_years_ago_today_iceland_recognises_estonia_and_l/|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=Iceland Monitor|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2016/08/22/25_years_ago_today_iceland_recognises_estonia_and_l/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dahlburg|first1=John-Thor|last2=Marshall|first2=Tyler|date=September 7, 1991|title=Independence for Baltic States : Freedom: Moscow formally recognizes Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, ending half a century of control. Soviets to begin talks soon on new relationships with the three nations.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1530-story.html|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|archive-date=June 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043522/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1530-story.html?_amp=true|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[August 23]] – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Russia restores the [[Flag of Russia|white-blue-red tricolour]] as its [[national flag]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flag of Russia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Russia|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025144020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Russia|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 24]] – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: [[Ukraine]] declares independence, followed by [[Belarus]] the next day, from the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paul G. Lewis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKYMwihCa8QC&pg=PA141|title=Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe: The First Decade|author2=Professor Paul Lewis|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7146-5155-2|pages=141|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102350/https://books.google.com/books?id=sKYMwihCa8QC&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 25]]
** Dissolution of Yugoslavia: [[Battle of Vukovar|Serbian forces begin an attack]] on the [[Croatia]]n town of [[Vukovar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Battle of Vukovar: Croatia's Hope to Defend Their Land|work=[[St Mary's University, Twickenham|StMU History Media]]|url=https://stmuhistorymedia.org/the-battle-of-vukovar-croatias-hope-to-defend-their-land/|last=Sanchez|first=Dylan|date=October 8, 2018|access-date=June 12, 2021|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://stmuhistorymedia.org/the-battle-of-vukovar-croatias-hope-to-defend-their-land/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Linus Torvalds]] posts messages to the [[Usenet]] newsgroup comp.os.minix, regarding the new operating system kernel he has developed, called [[Linux]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=LINUX's History by Linus Torvalds|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html|access-date=June 13, 2021|website=cs.cmu.edu|archive-date=September 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914053148/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_01_01.html|access-date=June 13, 2021|website=tldp.org|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043353/https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_01_01.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Michael Schumacher]], regarded as one of the greatest [[History of Formula One|Formula One drivers in history]], makes his [[Formula One]] debut at the [[1991 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 12, 2003|title=Who is the greatest ever?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3168114.stm|work=BBC Sport|last=Benson|first=Andrew|access-date=July 25, 2020|archive-date=October 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016052557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3168114.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: [[Maronite]] general [[Michel Aoun]] leaves [[Lebanon]] on a French warship into [[exile]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 31, 1991|title=Lebanon's Aoun in Exile at French Villa : Mideast: Mutinous general is spirited out of Beirut under an amnesty for war crimes.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-31-mn-1251-story.html|access-date=June 13, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|archive-date=June 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-31-mn-1251-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Boustany|first=Nora|date=August 30, 1991|title=Aoun Leaves Lebanon To Live in Exile|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/30/aoun-leaves-lebanon-to-live-in-exile/fc2c3697-3b42-4af1-8574-296e26bb7b15/|access-date=June 12, 2021|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=December 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224143945/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/30/aoun-leaves-lebanon-to-live-in-exile/fc2c3697-3b42-4af1-8574-296e26bb7b15/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 30]] – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: [[Moldova]] declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by [[Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Potier|first=Tim|title=Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia : a legal appraisal|publisher=Kluwer Law International|location=The Hague Boston|year=2001|isbn=9789041114778|page=16}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: [[Kyrgyzstan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] declare their independence; [[Tajikistan]] follows suit on [[September 9]].