Editing Peak District (section)

===Flora===
White Peak habitats include [[calcareous grassland]], ash woodlands and rock outcrops for lime-loving species.<ref name="The Flora of Derbyshire."/> They include [[Orchis mascula|early purple orchid]] (''Orchis mascula''), [[Epipactis atrorubens|dark-red helleborine]] (''Epipactis atrorubens'') and [[Ophrys insectifera|fly orchid]] (''Ophrys insectifera''), [[Helianthemum nummularium|common rockrose]] (''Helianthemum nummularium''), [[Helianthemum nummularium|spring cinquefoil]] (''Helianthemum nummularium'') and [[Parnassia palustris|grass of parnassus]] (''Parnassia palustris''). Lead rakes, the spoil heaps of ancient mining activity, form another distinctive White Peak habitat, supporting a range of rare [[metallophyte]] plants, including [[Minuartia|spring sandwort]] (''Minuartia verna''; also known as leadwort), [[Thlaspi caerulescens|alpine pennycress]] (''Thlaspi caerulescens'') and [[Viola lutea|mountain pansy]] (''Viola lutea'').<ref name="Lead">{{Cite web |url=http://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/lead |title=Biodiversity Action Plan – The Lead Legacy |publisher=Peak District |year=2004 |access-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720112405/http://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/lead |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref>

Two [[Endemism|endemic]] vascular plants are found nowhere else in the world: [[Hieracium naviense|Derby hawkweed]] (''Hieracium naviense''), found only in [[Winnats Pass]],<ref name="The Flora of Derbyshire."/> is a native perennial of limestone cliffs discovered by J. N. Mills in 1966 and described as a new species in 1968;<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mills |first1=J.&nbsp;N. |title=A new species of Hieracium in Derbyshire |journal=Watsonia |date=1968 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=40–42 |url=http://archive.bsbi.org.uk/Wats7p40.pdf |access-date=25 April 2018 |publisher=BSBI |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094302/http://archive.bsbi.org.uk/Wats7p40.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and leek-coloured hawkweed (''H. subprasinifolium''), which was believed extinct until rediscovered on banks beside the [[Monsal Trail]] in [[Chee Dale]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extinct plant rediscovered in the Peak District National Park |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/extinct-plant-rediscovered-in-the-peak-district-national-park-1-8739153 |website=The Star |date=6 September 2017 |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-date=26 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426012016/https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/extinct-plant-rediscovered-in-the-peak-district-national-park-1-8739153 |url-status=live }}</ref> The endemic [[Thamnobryum angustifolium|Derbyshire feather moss]] (''Thamnobryum angustifolium'') occurs in one Derbyshire limestone dale, its sole world location intentionally kept confidential; the colony covers about {{convert|3|m2}} of a rock face with small subsidiary colonies nearby.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.slu.se/Global/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/bryoconservation/Pdf%20ArtFaktablad/Faktablad/Thamnobryum_angustifolium.PDF |title=''Thamnobryum angustifolium'': Derbyshire feather-moss |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210213710/http://www.slu.se/Global/externwebben/centrumbildningar-projekt/bryoconservation/Pdf%20ArtFaktablad/Faktablad/Thamnobryum_angustifolium.PDF |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee |first=Nick&nbsp;G. |last=Hodgketts |date=March 2001 |archive-date=10 December 2015 |access-date=2 October 2017}}</ref>

[[Polemonium caeruleum|Jacob's-ladder]] (''Polemonium caeruleum''), a rarish species characteristic of limestone dales in the White Peak, has been Derbyshire's county flower since 2002.<ref name="The Flora of Derbyshire.">{{Cite book |last1=Willmott |first1=Alan |last2=Moyes |first2=Nick |title=The Flora of Derbyshire |year=2015 |publisher=Pisces Publication |isbn=978-1-874357-65-0 }}</ref> It grows on grassland, light woodland, screes and rock ledges, and by streams in [[River Lathkill|Lathkill]], Wolfscote, Taddington, [[River Wye, Derbyshire|Wye]] Dale and other dales. Pollen evidence from peat bogs shows it was widespread throughout Britain just after the last ice age. Much planted in gardens from where it has established itself in other parts of the area, as a native it is restricted to the White Peak and the [[Yorkshire Dales]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polemonium caeruleum |url=https://secure.derby.gov.uk/flora/?SpeciesID=1326 |website=Derby City Council |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426012039/https://secure.derby.gov.uk/flora/?SpeciesID=1326 |archive-date=26 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Dark Peak heathlands, bogs, gritstone edges and acid grasslands contain relatively few species; [[Calluna|heather]] (''Calluna vulgaris''), [[Empetrum nigrum|crowberry]] (''Empetrum nigrum''), [[Vaccinium myrtillus|bilberry]] (''Vaccinium myrtillus'') and [[Eriophorum vaginatum|hare's-tail cotton grass]] (''Eriophorum vaginatum'') dominate the high moors.<ref name="The Flora of Derbyshire."/> After decades of decline due to pollution, ''Sphagnum'' mosses are returning, with species such as ''[[Sphagnum cuspidatum|S. cuspidatum]]'' particularly dominant.