Editing Latin conjugation (section)

=== Third conjugation ===
The third conjugation has a variable short stem vowel, which may be e, i, or u in different environments. Verbs of this conjugation end in -ere in the present active infinitive. Deponent verbs have the infinitive -ī.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 55em;"
|-
!
!
!colspan="3"|Indicative
!
!colspan="2"|Subjunctive
|-
!
||||'''Present'''||'''Future'''||'''Imperfect'''||||'''Present'''||'''Imperfect'''
|-
!rowspan=2|Active
||||''I lead''||''I will lead''||''I was leading'' || ||''I may lead''||''I might lead''
|-
|''I<br />you sg.<br />he, she, it<br />we<br />you pl.<br />they''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcō<br />dūcis<br />dūcit<br />dūcimus<br />dūcitis<br />dūcunt|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcam<br />dūcēs<br />dūcet<br />dūcēmus<br />dūcētis<br />dūcent|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcēbam<br />dūcēbās<br />dūcēbat<br />dūcēbāmus<br />dūcēbātis<br />dūcēbant|italic=no}}'''
|
|'''{{lang|la|dūcam<br />dūcās<br />dūcat<br />dūcāmus<br />dūcātis<br />dūcant|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcerem<br />dūcerēs<br />dūceret<br />dūcerēmus<br />dūcerētis<br />dūcerent|italic=no}}'''
|-
!
|-
!rowspan=2|Passive
||||''I am led''||''I will be led''||''I was being led'' || || ''I may be led''|| ''I might be led''
|-
|''I<br />you sg.<br />he, she, it<br />we<br />you pl.<br />they''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcor<br />dūceris<br />dūcitur<br />dūcimur<br />dūciminī<br />dūcuntur|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcar<br />dūcēris/re<br />dūcētur<br />dūcēmur<br />dūcēminī<br />dūcentur|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcēbar<br />dūcēbāris/re<br />dūcēbātur<br />dūcēbāmur<br />dūcēbāminī<br />dūcēbantur|italic=no}}'''
|
|'''{{lang|la|dūcar<br />dūcāris/re<br />dūcātur<br />dūcāmur<br />dūcāminī<br />dūcantur|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|dūcerer<br />dūcerēris/re<br />dūcerētur<br />dūcerēmur<br />dūcerēminī<br />dūcerentur|italic=no}}'''
|-
|}

The future tense in the 3rd and 4th conjugation (''-am, -ēs, -et'' etc.) differs from that in the 1st and 2nd conjugation (''-bō, -bis, -bit'' etc.). 

Other forms:

*Infinitive: '''{{lang|la|dūcere|italic=no}}''' "to lead"
*Passive infinitive: '''{{lang|la|dūcī|italic=no}}''' "to be led" (the 3rd conjugation has no ''r'')
*Imperative: '''{{lang|la|dūc!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|dūcite!|italic=no}}''') "lead!"
*Future imperative: '''{{lang|la|dūcitō!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|dūcitōte!|italic=no}}''') "lead! (at a future time)" 
*Passive imperative: '''{{lang|la|dūcere!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|dūciminī!|italic=no}}''') "be led!" (usually only found in deponent verbs)
*Present participle: '''{{lang|la|dūcēns|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|dūcentēs|italic=no}}''') "leading"
*Future participle: '''{{lang|la|ductūrus|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|ductūrī|italic=no}}''') "going to lead"
*Gerundive: '''{{lang|la|dūcendus|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|dūcendī|italic=no}}''') "needing to be led"
*Gerund: '''{{lang|la|dūcendī|italic=no}}''' "of leading", '''{{lang|la|dūcendō|italic=no}}''' "by /for leading", '''{{lang|la|ad dūcendum|italic=no}}''' "in order to lead"

Four 3rd conjugation verbs usually have no ending in the imperative singular: '''{{lang|la|dūc!|italic=no}}''' "lead!", '''{{lang|la|dīc!|italic=no}}''' "say!", '''{{lang|la|fer!|italic=no}}''' "bring!", '''{{lang|la|fac!|italic=no}}''' "do!". 

Others, like '''{{lang|la|curre|italic=no}}''' "run!", have the ending ''-e''.<ref name=":0"/>

There is no regular rule for constructing the perfect stem of third-conjugation verbs, but the following patterns are used:

* The perfect has suffix ''-sī'' (''-xī'' when ''c'', ''g'', or ''h'' comes at the end of the root). Examples:
** {{lang|la|carpō, carpere, carpsī, carptum}} "to pluck, to select"
** {{lang|la|cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum}} "to yield, depart"
** {{lang|la|claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum}} "to close"
** {{lang|la|contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum}} "to despise, disdain, treat with contempt"
** {{lang|la|dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum}} "to say"
** {{lang|la|dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum}} "to divide"
** {{lang|la|dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum}} "to lead"
** {{lang|la|flectō, flectere, flexī, flexum}} "to bend, to twist"
** {{lang|la|gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum}} "to wear, to bear; wage (war)"
** {{lang|la|mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum}} "to send"
** {{lang|la|regō, regere, rēxī, rēctum}} "to rule"
** {{lang|la|scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum}} "to write"
** {{lang|la|tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctum}} "to cover, conceal"
** {{lang|la|trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctum}} "to drag, to pull"
** {{lang|la|vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum}} "to live"

* The perfect is reduplicated with suffix ''–ī''. Examples:
** {{lang|la|cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum}} "to fall"
** {{lang|la|caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesum}} "to kill, to slay"
** {{lang|la|currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum}} "to run, to race"
** {{lang|la|discō, discere, didicī, –}} "to learn"
** {{lang|la|fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum}} "to cheat"
** {{lang|la|pēdō, pēdere, pepēdī, pēditum}} "to fart"
** {{lang|la|pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum}} "to beat, to drive away"
** {{lang|la|pōscō, pōscere, popōscī, –}} "to claim, request"
** {{lang|la|tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctum}} "to touch, to hit"
** {{lang|la|tendō, tendere, tetendī, tentum/tēnsum}} "to stretch"

Although {{lang|la|dō, dare, dedī, datum}} "to give" is 1st conjugation, its compounds are 3rd conjugation and have internal reduplication:
:* {{lang|la|condō, condere, condidī, conditum}} "to found"
:* {{lang|la|crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum}} "to entrust, believe"
:* {{lang|la|dēdō, dēdere, dēdidī, dēditum}} "to surrender"
:* {{lang|la|perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditum}} "to destroy, lose"
:* {{lang|la|reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditum}} "to give back"
:* {{lang|la|trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditum}} "to hand over"

Likewise the compounds of {{lang|la|sistō}} have internal reduplication. Although {{lang|la|sistō}} is transitive, its compounds are intransitive:<ref>Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 105.</ref>
:* {{lang|la|sistō, sistere, (stitī), statum}} "to cause to stand"
:* {{lang|la|cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitum}} "to come to a halt"
:* {{lang|la|dēsistō, dēsistere, dēstitī, dēstitum}} "to stand off"
:* {{lang|la|resistō, resistere, restitī, restitum}} "to resist"

* The perfect has suffix ''-vī''. Examples:
** {{lang|la|linō, linere, lēvī (līvī), litum}} "to smear, to daub" (also 4th conj. {{lang|la|liniō, linīre, līvī, lītum}})
** {{lang|la|petō, petere, petīvī, petītum}} "to seek, to attack"
** {{lang|la|quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum}} "to look for, ask"
** {{lang|la|serō, serere, sēvī, satum}} "to sow, to plant"
** {{lang|la|sternō, sternere, strāvī, strātum}} "to spread, to stretch out"
** {{lang|la|terō, terere, trīvī, trītum}} "to rub, to wear out"

* The perfect has suffix ''-ī'' and vowel lengthening in the stem. If the present stem has an ''n'' infix, as in {{lang|la|fundō, relinquō}} and {{lang|la|vincō}}, the infix disappears in the perfect. In some cases, the long vowel in the perfect is thought to be derived from an earlier reduplicated form, e.g. {{lang|la|*e-agī > ēgī, *e-emī > ēmī}}.<ref>Gildersleeve & Lodge (1895), p. 107.</ref> Examples:
** {{lang|la|agō, agere, ēgī, āctum}} "to do, to drive"
** {{lang|la|cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum}} "to compel, gather together"
** {{lang|la|emō, emere, ēmī, ēmptum}} "to buy"
** {{lang|la|fundō, fundere, fūdī, fūsum}} "to pour"
** {{lang|la|legō, legere, lēgī, lēctum}} "to collect, to read"
** {{lang|la|relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictum}} "to leave behind"
** {{lang|la|rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptum}} "to burst"
** {{lang|la|vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum}} "to conquer, to defeat"

* The perfect has suffix ''-ī'' only. Examples:
** {{lang|la|ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum}} "to climb, to go up"
** {{lang|la|cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum}} "to establish, decide, cause to stand"
** {{lang|la|dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsum}} "to defend"
** {{lang|la|expellō, expellere, expulī, expulsum}} "to drive out, expel"
** {{lang|la|īcō, īcere, īcī, ictum}} "to strike"
** {{lang|la|metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum}} "to fear, be apprehensive"
** {{lang|la|occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum}} "to kill"
** {{lang|la|ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum (ostensum)}} "to show"
** {{lang|la|tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum}} "to lift, raise, remove"
** {{lang|la|vertō, vertere, vertī, versum}} "to turn"
** {{lang|la|vīsō, vīsere, vīsī, vīsum}} "to visit"

* The perfect has suffix ''–uī''. Examples:
** {{lang|la|colō, colere, coluī, cultum}} "to cultivate, to till"
** {{lang|la|cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum}} "to consult, act in the interests of"
** {{lang|la|gignō, gignere, genuī, genitum}} "to beget, to cause"
** {{lang|la|molō, molere, moluī, molitum}} "to grind"
** {{lang|la|pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum}} "to place"
** {{lang|la|texō, texere, texuī, textum}} "to weave, to plait"
** {{lang|la|vomō, vomere, vomuī, vomitum}} "to vomit"

* The present tense indicative first person singular form has suffix ''–scō''. Examples:
** {{lang|la|adolēscō, adolēscere, adolēvī, adultum}} "to grow up, to mature"
** {{lang|la|nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtum}} "to get to know, to learn"
** {{lang|la|pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstum}} "to feed upon, to feed (an animal)"
** {{lang|la|quiēscō, quiēscere, quiēvī, quiētum}} "to rest, keep quiet"

Deponent verbs in the 3rd conjugation include the following:
:*{{lang|la|complector, complectī, complexus sum}} "to embrace"
:*{{lang|la|fruor, fruī, frūctus sum}} "to enjoy" ({{lang|la|fruitus}} is occasionally found) 
:*{{lang|la|fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum}} "to perform, discharge, busy oneself with"
:*{{lang|la|lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum}} "to glide, slip"
:*{{lang|la|loquor, loquī, locūtus sum}} "to speak"
:*{{lang|la|nītor, nītī, nīxus sum}} "to lean on; to strive" ({{lang|la|nīsus}} is occasionally found)
:*{{lang|la|queror, querī, questus sum}} "to complain"
:*{{lang|la|sequor, sequī, secūtus sum}} "to follow"
:*{{lang|la|ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum}} "to use"
:*{{lang|la|vehor, vehī, vectus sum}} "to ride"

There are also a number of 3rd conjugation deponents with the ending ''-scor'':
:*{{lang|la|adipīscor, adipīscī, adeptus sum}} "to obtain"
:*{{lang|la|īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum}} "to get angry"
:*{{lang|la|nancīscor, nancīscī, nactus sum}} "to obtain"
:*{{lang|la|nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum}} "to be born"
:*{{lang|la|oblīvīscor, oblīvīscī, oblītus sum}} "to forget"
:*{{lang|la|proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum}} "to set out"
:*{{lang|la|ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum}} "to avenge, take vengeance on"

Deponent in some tenses only is the following:<ref name=":2"/>
:*{{lang|la|fīdō, fīdere, fīsus sum}} "to trust"

The following is deponent only in the infectum tenses:
:*{{lang|la|revertor, revertī, revertī}} "to turn back"

====Third conjugation -iō verbs====
Intermediate between the third and fourth conjugation are the third-conjugation verbs with suffix –iō. These resemble the fourth conjugation in some forms. 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 55em;"
|-
!
!
!colspan="3"|Indicative
!
!colspan="2"|Subjunctive
|-
!
||||'''Present'''||'''Future'''||'''Imperfect'''||||'''Present'''||'''Imperfect'''
|-
!rowspan=2|Active
||||''I capture''||''I will capture''||''I was capturing'' || ||''I may capture''||''I might capture''
|-
|''I<br />you sg.<br />he, she, it<br />we<br />you pl.<br />they''
|'''{{lang|la|capiō<br />capis<br />capit<br />capimus<br />capitis<br />capiunt|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|capiam<br />capiēs<br />capiet<br />capiēmus<br />capiētis<br />capient|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|capiēbam<br />capiēbās<br />capiēbat<br />capiēbāmus<br />capiēbātis<br />capiēbant|italic=no}}'''
|
|'''{{lang|la|capiam<br />capiās<br />capiat<br />capiāmus<br />capiātis<br />capiant|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|caperem<br />caperēs<br />caperet<br />caperēmus<br />caperētis<br />caperent|italic=no}}'''
|-
!
|-
!rowspan=2|Passive
||||''I am captured''||''I will be captured''||''I was being captured'' || || ''I may be captured''|| ''I might be captured''
|-
|''I<br />you sg.<br />he, she, it<br />we<br />you pl.<br />they''
|'''{{lang|la|capior<br />caperis<br />capitur<br />capimur<br />capiminī<br />capiuntur|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|capiar<br />capiēris/re<br />capiētur<br />capiēmur<br />capiēminī<br />capientur|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|capiēbar<br />capiēbāris/re<br />capiēbātur<br />capiēbāmur<br />capiēbāminī<br />capiēbantur|italic=no}}'''
|
|'''{{lang|la|capiar<br />capiāris/re<br />capiātur<br />capiāmur<br />capiāminī<br />capiantur|italic=no}}'''
|'''{{lang|la|caperer<br />caperēris/re<br />caperētur<br />caperēmur<br />caperēminī<br />caperentur|italic=no}}'''
|-
|}

Other forms:

*Infinitive: '''{{lang|la|capere|italic=no}}''' "to capture, to take"
*Passive infinitive: '''{{lang|la|capī|italic=no}}''' "to be captured" (the 3rd conjugation has no ''r'')
*Imperative: '''{{lang|la|cape!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|capite!|italic=no}}''') "capture!"
*Future imperative: '''{{lang|la|capitō!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|capitōte!|italic=no}}''') "capture! (at a future time)" 
*Passive imperative: '''{{lang|la|capere!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|capiminī!|italic=no}}''') "be captured!" (usually only found in deponent verbs)
*Future passive imperative: '''{{lang|la|capitor!|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|capitōminī!|italic=no}}''') "be captured! (at a future time)" (usually only found in deponent verbs)
*Present participle: '''{{lang|la|capiēns|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|capientēs|italic=no}}''') "capturing"
*Future participle: '''{{lang|la|captūrus|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|captūrī|italic=no}}''') "going to capture"
*Gerundive: '''{{lang|la|capiendus|italic=no}}''' (pl. '''{{lang|la|capiendī|italic=no}}''') "needing to be captured" ('''{{lang|la|capiundus|italic=no}}''' is also sometimes found)
*Gerund: '''{{lang|la|capiendī|italic=no}}''' "of capturing", '''{{lang|la|capiendō|italic=no}}''' "by /for capturing", '''{{lang|la|ad capiendum|italic=no}}''' "in order to capture"

Some examples are:
:*{{lang|la|accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum}} "to receive, accept"
:*{{lang|la|capiō, capere, cēpī, captum}} "to take, capture"
:*{{lang|la|cōnspiciō, cōnspicere, cōnspexī, cōnspectum}} "to watch, examine"
:*{{lang|la|cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītum}} "to desire, long for"
:*{{lang|la|faciō, facere, fēcī, factum}} "to do, to make"
:*{{lang|la|fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum}} "to flee"
:*{{lang|la|iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactum}} "to throw"
:*{{lang|la|interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectum}} "to kill"
:*{{lang|la|rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum}} "to plunder, seize"
:*{{lang|la|respiciō, respicere, respexī, respectum}} "to look back"

Deponent verbs in this group include:
:*{{lang|la|aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum}} "to attack"
:*{{lang|la|ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum}} "to go out"
:*{{lang|la|morior, morī, mortuus sum}} "to die"
:*{{lang|la|patior, patī, passus sum}} "to suffer, to allow"
:*{{lang|la|prōgredior, prōgredī, prōgressus sum}} "to attack"
:*{{lang|la|regredior, regredī, regressus sum}} "to go back"