Editing Hammerhead shark (section)

==Relationship with humans==
[[File:Hammerhead Atlantis.jpg|thumb|A hammerhead shark in shallow water]]

According to the [[International Shark Attack File]], humans have been subjects of 17 documented, unprovoked attacks by hammerhead sharks within the genus ''Sphyrna'' since AD 1580. No human fatalities have been recorded.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/isaf/contributing-factors/species-implicated-attacks/ |title=Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark |website=Florida Museum of Natural History |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215085814/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/isaf/contributing-factors/species-implicated-attacks |url-status=live }}</ref> Most hammerhead shark species are too small to inflict serious damage to humans.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:A man carries a huge hammerhead through the streets of Mogadishu (edit).jpg|thumb|Man carrying a hammerhead shark along a street in [[Mogadishu]], [[Somalia]]]]
The great and the scalloped hammerheads are listed on the World Conservation Union's ([[IUCN]]) 2008 Red List as [[Endangered species|endangered]], whereas the smalleye hammerhead is listed as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]]. The status given to these sharks is as a result of [[overfishing]] and demand for their fins, an expensive delicacy. Among others, scientists expressed their concern about the plight of the scalloped hammerhead at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting in [[Boston]]. The young swim mostly in shallow waters along shores all over the world to avoid predators.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Royer |first1=Mark |last2=Meyer |first2=Carl |last3=Royer |first3=John |last4=Maloney |first4=Kelsey |last5=Cardona |first5=Edward |last6=Blandino |first6=Chloé |last7=Fernandes da Silva |first7=Guilherme |last8=Whittingham |first8=Kate |last9=Holland |first9=Kim N. |title='Breath holding' as a thermoregulation strategy in the deep-diving scalloped hammerhead shark |journal=Science |date=12 May 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6645 |pages=651–655 |doi=10.1126/science.add4445 |pmid=37167384 |bibcode=2023Sci...380..651R }}</ref>

Shark fins are prized as a delicacy in certain countries in Asia (such as China), and overfishing is putting many hammerhead sharks at risk of extinction. Fishermen who harvest the animals typically cut off the fins and toss the remainder of the fish, which is often still alive, back into the sea.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/25/AR2011022505123.html | title= Panamanian officials find half ton of shark fins | agency= Associated Press | website= WashingtonPost.com | date= 25 February 2011 | access-date= 7 December 2018 | archive-date= 12 June 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163155/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/25/AR2011022505123.html | url-status= live }}</ref> This practice, known as [[Shark finning|finning]], is lethal to the shark.<ref name="GCH">{{cite news |url         = http://www.iwmc.org/PDF/StraitsTPress.pdf |author      = Giam Choo Hoo |title       = Shark's fin soup – eat without guilt |date        = 1 December 2006 |newspaper   = The Straits Times |access-date  = 6 January 2007 |url-status  = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070221165724/http://www.iwmc.org/PDF/StraitsTPress.pdf |archive-date = 21 February 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Scalloped hammerhead-tokyosealifepark-2019-1-8.webm|thumb|[[Scalloped hammerhead]] swimming]]

=== In captivity ===
The relatively small bonnethead is regular at [[public aquarium]]s, as it has proven easier to keep in captivity than the larger hammerhead species,<ref name=Compagno2004>{{cite book |author=Compagno, L. |author2=M. Dando |author3=S. Fowler |name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=Sharks of the World |page=325 |publisher=HarperCollins | isbn=978-0-00-713610-0}}</ref><ref name=Smith2004>{{Cite book|title =Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual: Captive Care of Sharks, Rays, and their Relatives |editor1= Smith, M. |editor2=D. Warmolts |editor3=D. Thoney |editor4=R. Hueter | year=2004 | publisher=Ohio Biological Survey | isbn=978-0-86727-152-2 }}{{pn|date=March 2025}}</ref> and it has been bred at a handful of facilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Babies Of The S.E.A. – Bonnethead Shark| work=S.E.A. Aquarium at Resorts World Sentosa |url = http://seaa.rwsentosablog.com/bonnethead-shark/|publisher = SEA Aquarium|access-date = 13 September 2017|date = November 2013|archive-date = 14 September 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170914124943/http://seaa.rwsentosablog.com/bonnethead-shark/|url-status = live}}</ref> Nevertheless, at up to {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} in length and with highly specialized requirements, very few private aquarists have the experience and resources necessary to maintain a bonnethead in captivity.<ref>{{Cite web |title =The Bonnethead Shark Sphyrna tiburo: Is it Suitable for Home Aquariums? |url =http://www.tfhmagazine.com/details/articles/the-bonnethead-shark-sphyrna-tiburo-is-it-suitable-for-home-aquariums.htm |publisher =TFH Magazine |date =September 2007 |access-date =13 September 2017 |archive-date =14 September 2017 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035512/http://www.tfhmagazine.com/details/articles/the-bonnethead-shark-sphyrna-tiburo-is-it-suitable-for-home-aquariums.htm |url-status =live }}</ref> The larger hammerhead species can reach more than twice that size and are considered difficult, even compared to most other similar-sized sharks (such as ''[[Carcharhinus]]'' species, [[lemon shark]], and [[sand tiger shark]]) regularly kept by public aquariums.<ref name=Smith2004/> They are particularly vulnerable during transport between facilities, may rub on surfaces in tanks, and may collide with rocks, causing injuries to their heads, so they require very large, specially adapted tanks.<ref name=Smith2004/><ref name=Tristram2014>{{Cite journal | title=Husbandry of scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) at Reef HQ Aquarium, Townsville, Australia | url=http://www.reefhq.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/234356/Husbandry-of-Hammerhead-Sharks_Tristram-et-al_2014.pdf | author1=Tristram, H. | author2=S. Thomas | author3=L. Squire-Junior | year=2014 | journal=Der Zoologische Garten | volume=83 | issue=4–6 | pages=93–113 | doi=10.1016/j.zoolgart.2014.08.002 | bibcode=2014DZGar..83...93T | access-date=7 December 2018 | archive-date=7 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807235551/https://www.reefhq.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/234356/Husbandry-of-Hammerhead-Sharks_Tristram-et-al_2014.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> As a consequence, relatively few public aquaria have kept them for long periods.<ref name=Smith2004/> The scalloped hammerhead is the most frequently maintained large species, and it has been kept long term at public aquaria in most continents, but primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia.<ref name=Smith2004/><ref>{{Cite web|title = Scalloped Hammerhead, ''Sphyrna lewini'' (Griffith & Smith)|url = http://elasmollet.org/Sl/Sl_captive.html|website = elasmollet.org|access-date = 13 September 2017|archive-date = 27 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150627182436/http://elasmollet.org/Sl/Sl_captive.html|url-status = usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title =Scalloped hammerhead shark |url =http://www.zootierliste.de/en/?klasse=5&ordnung=507&familie=50708&art=50903596 |website =Zootierliste |access-date =13 September 2017 |archive-date =14 September 2017 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035650/http://www.zootierliste.de/en/?klasse=5&ordnung=507&familie=50708&art=50903596 |url-status =live }}</ref> In 2014, fewer than 15 public aquaria in the world kept scalloped hammerheads.<ref name=Tristram2014/> Great hammerheads have been kept at a few facilities in North America, including [[Atlantis Paradise Island|Atlantis Paradise Island Resort]] (Bahamas), [[Adventure Aquarium]] (New Jersey), [[Georgia Aquarium]] (Atlanta), [[Mote Marine Laboratory]] (Florida), and the [[Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay]] (Las Vegas).<ref>{{Cite web|title = Great Hammerheads, ''Sphyrna mokarran'' (Rueppell, 1837) in Captivity|url = http://elasmollet.org/Sm/Sm_captive.html|website = elasmollet.org|access-date = 17 December 2015|archive-date = 22 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104540/http://elasmollet.org/Sm/Sm_captive.html|url-status = usurped}}</ref> Smooth hammerheads have also been kept in the past.<ref name=Smith2004/>