Editing Chemical symbol (section)

===Daltonian symbols===
[[File:Dalton's Element List.jpg|thumb|Dalton's symbols for the more common elements, as of 1806, and the relative weights he calculated. The symbols for magnesium and calcium ("lime") were replaced by 1808, and that for gold was simplified.]]
The following symbols were employed by [[John Dalton]] in the early 1800s as the periodic table of elements was being formulated. Not included in this list are substances now known to be compounds, such as certain [[rare-earth element|rare-earth]] mineral blends. Modern alphabetic notation was introduced in 1814 by [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]]; its precursor can be seen in Dalton's circled letters for the metals, especially in his augmented table from 1810.<ref>Berzelius, Jöns Jakob. "Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on Some Circumstances Relating to Them: Together with a Short and Easy Method of Expressing Them." ''[[Annals of Philosophy]]'' 2, Pp.443–454 (1813); 3, Pp.51–52, 93–106, 244–255, 353–364 (1814); (Subsequently republished in "A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400-1900", eds. Leicester, Henry M. & Herbert S. Klickstein. 1952.)</ref>
A trace of Dalton's conventions also survives in [[ball-and-stick model]]s of molecules, where balls for carbon are black and for oxygen red.

{| class="wikitable" style
|+Daltonian symbols for the elements
!colspan=2|Symbol!!rowspan=2|Dalton's name!!rowspan=2|Modern name!!rowspan=2|Atomic<br/>number!!rowspan=2|Notes!!rowspan=2|Refs
|-
!<small>img.</small>||<small>char.</small>
|-
| [[file:hydrogen symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">☉</span>||colspan=2|[[hydrogen]]||1||or <span style="color:red">⊙</span>||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp>{{cite book | last = Dalton | first = John | author-link = John Dalton | date = 1808 | chapter = III: On Chemical Synthesis - Section 1: Explanation of the Plates - Plate 4: Elements | title = A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Part I. | pages = 217–220  | location = [[Manchester]] | publisher = Printed by S. Russell for R. Bickerstaff, [[Strand, London]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[file:beryllium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||[[wikt:glucinum|glucine]]||[[beryllium]]||4||alchemical symbol for 'sugar'||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:new moon symbol.svg|24px]] ||●||[[wikt:carbone|carbone]], [[carbon]]||[[carbon]]||6|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:nitrogen symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||⦶||[[wikt:azote|azote]]||[[nitrogen]]/azote||7||alchemical symbol for [[niter]] ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:oxygen symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">○</span>||colspan=2|[[oxygen]]||8||or <span style="color:red">◯</span>||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:sodium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||⦷||[[wikt:soda|soda]]||[[sodium]]||11|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:magnesium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||⊛||[[wikt:magnesia|magnesia]]||[[magnesium]]||12||alchemical symbol for magnesia||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:aluminium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||[[wikt:alumine|alumine]]||[[aluminium]]||13||(4 dots)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:silicon symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||🟕||[[silex]]||[[silicon]]||14|| ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp>{{cite book | last = Dalton | first = John | author-link = John Dalton | date = 1810 | chapter = V: Compounds of two Elements - Section 12: Earths - Explanation of Plates - Plate 5: Elements  | title = A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Part II. | pages = 546–548 | location = [[Manchester]] | publisher = Printed by Russell & Allen for R. Bickerstaff, [[Strand, London]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[file:phosphorus symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[phosphorus]]||15||(3 radii)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:sulphur symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">🜨</span>||colspan=2|[[sulphur]]||16|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:potassium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||[[potash]]||[[potassium]]||19||(3 vertical lines)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:calcium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">⦾</span>||[[Lime (material)|lime]]||[[calcium]]||20||or ◎||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:titanium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[titanium]]|| 22 || (enclosing circle) <small>Tit</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:manganese symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[manganese]]|| 25 || (enclosing circle) <small>Ma</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:iron symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">Ⓘ</span>||colspan=2|[[iron]]||26|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:nickel symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓝ||colspan=2|[[nickel]]||28|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:cobalt symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[cobalt]]|| 27 || (enclosing circle) <small>Cob</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:copper symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">Ⓒ</span>||colspan=2|[[copper]]||29||(black letter in red circle)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:zinc symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓩ||colspan=2|[[zinc]]||30|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:arsenic symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[arsenic]]|| 33 || (enclosing circle) <small>Ar</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:strontium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||[[strontian]]||[[strontium]]||38||(4 ticks)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:yttrium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||⊕︀︀<!--U+FE00 forces display of white rim-->||[[yttria]]||[[yttrium]]||39||(plus does not touch circle) ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:zirconium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||  || [[wikt:zircone|zircone]]||[[zirconium]]|| 40 || (vertical zigzag)||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:silver symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓢ||colspan=2|[[silver]]||47|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:tin symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓣ||colspan=2|[[tin]]||50|| ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:antimony symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[antimony]]|| 51 || (enclosing circle) <small>An</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:barium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||[[barytes]]||[[barium]]||56||(6 ticks)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:cerium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[cerium]]|| 58 || (enclosing circle) <small>Ce</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:tungsten symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[tungsten]]|| 74 || (enclosing circle) <small>Tu</small>⃝ ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:platinum symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||<span style="color:red">Ⓟ</span>||[[wikt:platina|platina]]||[[platinum]]||78||(black letter in red circle)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:gold symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓖ||colspan=2|[[gold]]||79|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:mercury symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] || ||colspan=2|[[Mercury (element)|mercury]]||80||(dotted inside perimeter)||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:lead symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓛ||colspan=2|[[lead]]||82|| ||<ref name=dalton1808ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:bismuth symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓑ||colspan=2|[[bismuth]]||83|| ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|-
| [[file:uranium symbol (Dalton).svg|24px]] ||Ⓤ||colspan=2|[[uranium]]||92|| ||<ref name=dalton1810ansocp/>
|}