Editing 1253 (section)

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
* [[Matthew Paris]], English [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] chronicler, completes the major part of his ''[[Chronica Majora]]'', a chronicle of English history.

==== Religion ====
* October &ndash; [[Pope Innocent IV]] returns to [[Rome]], after being deposed for 9 years by former Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], whose clash forms an important chapter in the conflict between the Papal States and the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. 
* Innocent IV offers the crown of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], which he controls, to [[Richard of Cornwall]] and [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles of Anjou]], both of whom refuse, and later to the 8-year-old [[Edmund Crouchback|Edmund]], son of Henry III of England.
* The upper [[Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi]], the earliest important structure of [[Italian Gothic architecture]], is completed in [[Assisi]].
* [[Sligo Abbey]], a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] monastery,  is founded by [[Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly|Maurice FitzGerald]], Norman chief governor of [[Ireland]].</onlyinclude>