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==== Hybrid berries ==== The term "hybrid berry" is often used collectively for those fruits in the genus ''Rubus'' which have been developed mainly in the U.S. and U.K. in the last 130 years. As ''Rubus'' species readily interbreed and are [[apomict]]s (able to set seed without fertilisation), the parentage of these plants is often highly complex, but is generally agreed to include cultivars of blackberries (''R. ursinus'', ''R. fruticosus'') and raspberries (''R. idaeus''). The British National Collection of ''Rubus'' stands at over 200 species and, although not within the scope of the National Collection, also hold many cultivars.<ref>[http://www.rubusspecies.com/ National Collection of ''Rubus'' Species, Houghton, England, United Kingdom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912105653/http://rubusspecies.com/ |date=2017-09-12 }} ''www.rubusspecies.com''</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nccpg.com/National-Collections/Collection-Results.aspx?id=391 |title=Plant Heritage β National Collections Scheme, UK Garden Plants |work=nccpg.com |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120233053/http://www.nccpg.com/National-Collections/Collection-Results.aspx?id=391 |url-status=live }}</ref> The hybrid berries include:-<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ardle |first=John |title=Hybris vigour |journal=The Garden |date=July 2013}}</ref> * [[loganberry]] (California, U.S., 1883) ''R.'' Γ''loganobaccus'', a spontaneous hybrid between ''R. ursinus'' 'Aughinbaugh' and ''R. idaeus'' 'Red Antwerp' * [[boysenberry]] (U.S., 1920s) a hybrid between ''R. idaeus'' and ''R.'' Γ ''loganobaccus'' * [[nectarberry]] Suspected variant of boysenberry, a hybrid between ''R. idaeus'' and ''R.'' Γ ''loganobaccus'' * [[olallieberry]] (U.S., 1930s) a hybrid between the loganberry and youngberry, themselves both hybrid berries * [[veitchberry]] (Europe, 1930s) a hybrid between ''R. fruticosus'' and ''R. idaeus'' * [[skellyberry]] (Texas, U.S., 2000s), a hybrid between ''R. invisus'' and ''R. phoenicolasius'' * [[marionberry]] (1956) now thought to be a blackberry cultivar ''R.'' 'Marion' * [[silvanberry]], ''R.'' 'Silvan', a hybrid between ''R.'' 'Marion' and the boysenberry * [[tayberry]] (Dundee, Scotland, 1979), another blackberry/raspberry hybrid * [[tummelberry]], ''R.'' 'Tummel', from the same Scottish breeding programme as the tayberry * [[hildaberry]] (1980s), a tayberry/boysenberry hybrid discovered by an amateur grower * [[youngberry]], a complex hybrid of raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries
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