Editing Pineapple (section)

=== Old World introduction ===
[[File:The gardeners dictionary Wellcome L0049859 frontispiece (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|[[Britannia]] presented with {{lang|la|[[Cornucopia|cornucopiae]]}} including pineapples by allegories of Nature, Industry, and Science, with an [[orangery]] in the background ([[Book frontispiece|frontispiece]] of ''[[The Gardeners Dictionary]]'', 1764)]]
While the pineapple fascinated Europeans as a fruit of colonialism,<ref name="Cumo">Cumo, Christopher (2015). ''Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present''. ABC-CLIO. p. 294.</ref> it was not successfully cultivated in Europe until [[Pieter de la Court van der Voort|Pieter de la Court]] (1664–1739) developed [[greenhouse]] horticulture near Leiden.<ref>{{Cite web|work=Oxford Index |title=Pieter de La Court van der Voort |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095643956 |publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=15 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216121535/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095643956 |archive-date=2014-12-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Pineapple plants were distributed from the Netherlands to English gardeners in 1719 and French ones in 1730.<ref name=":2" /> In England, the first pineapple was grown at [[Dorney Court]], [[Dorney]] in Buckinghamshire, and a huge "pineapple stove" to heat the plants was built at the [[Chelsea Physic Garden]] in 1723.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pineapple: King of Fruits |last=Beauman|first=F.|date=2005|publisher=Chatto & Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-7699-0|place=London|page=82}}</ref><ref name="Sheller">Sheller, Mimi (2003). ''Consuming the Caribbean: From Arawaks to Zombies''. Routledge. p. 80.</ref> In France, King [[Louis XV]] was presented with a pineapple that had been grown at [[Garden of Versailles|Versailles]] in 1733. In Russia, [[Peter the Great]] imported de la Court's method into [[St. Petersburg]] in the 1720s; in 1730, twenty pineapple saplings were transported from there to a greenhouse at [[Anna of Russia|Empress Anna]]'s new Moscow palace.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Lisa |date=2019 |title=Pieter De La Court Van Der Voort and Innovations in Pineapple Cultivation in Early Eighteenth-Century Gardens |url=http://www.cascade1987.nl/documenten/De%20la%20Court%20en%20pineapple%20cultivation%20-%20Johnson%202020.pdf |journal=Garden History |publisher=[[The Gardens Trust]] |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=23–41 |jstor=26756806 |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kuznetsova |first=Svetlana |date=2022-12-10 |script-title=ru:Культура ананасов приняла громадные размеры в Петербурге |trans-title=The Pineapple Cultivation Took Enormous Scale in St. Petersburg |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5718493 |language=ru |work=[[Kommersant]] |access-date=2023-03-10}} (The article title is a citation from an earlier history work and refers to mid-18th century.)</ref>

[[File:Ananas fructu ovato, carne albida - Carduus Brasilianus, foliis Aloes. (Pineapple) (NYPL b14444147-1125000).jpg|thumb|right|1772 illustration of an ''Ananas comosus'' pineapple which was given the early scientific name of {{lang|la|Cardus brasilianus folius aloes}} by Banhius in 1623<ref name="Bromeliad Society Chicago">{{Cite news |date=May–June 2012 |title=Bromeliad Society of Greater Chicago |work=The BSGC News |url=http://www.bromeliad.nl/Documenten//Bromeliad%20Society%20of%20Greater%20Chicago/2012/2012-06-June2012.pdf |access-date=2022-11-17}}</ref>]]
Because of the expense of direct import and the enormous cost in equipment and labour required to grow them in a temperate climate, in greenhouses called "pineries", [[Pineapple mania|pineapple became a symbol of wealth]]. They were initially used mainly for display at dinner parties, rather than being eaten, and were used again and again until they began to rot.{{sfnp|Beauman|2005|p=87}} In the second half of the 18th century, the production of the fruit on British estates became the subject of great rivalry between wealthy aristocrats.{{sfnp|Beauman|2005|p=87}} [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore]], built a hothouse on his estate surmounted by a huge stone [[cupola]] 14 metres tall in the shape of the fruit; it is known as the [[Dunmore Pineapple]].<ref>Stevenson, Jack (1995). ''Exploring Scotland's Heritage: Glasgow, Clydesdale, and Stirling''. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 83.</ref> In architecture, pineapple figures became decorative elements symbolizing hospitality.<ref name="Curl">[[James Stevens Curl|Curl, James Stevens]] (2003). ''Classical Architecture: An Introduction to Its Vocabulary and Essentials, with a Select Glossary of Terms''. W. W. Norton. p. 206.</ref><ref name="Morrison">Hugh Morrison (1952). ''Early American Architecture: From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period''. Oxford University Press. p. 302.</ref><ref name="Harris">[[Cyril Manton Harris|Harris, Cyril Manton]] (1998). ''American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia''. W. W. Norton. p. 248.</ref>