Editing Jadwiga of Poland (section)

=== Marriage to Jogaila (1385–92) ===
Jogaila signed the [[Union of Krewo]] in August 1385, promising Queen Elizabeth's representatives and the Polish lords' envoys that he would convert to Catholicism, together with his pagan kinsmen and subjects, if Jadwiga married him.{{sfn|Frost|2015|pp=47, 50}}{{sfn|Gromada|1999|pp=434–435}} He also pledged to pay 200,000 florins to William of Habsburg in compensation. William never accepted it.{{sfn|Frost|2015|pp=34, 47}} Two days after the Union of Krewo, the [[Teutonic Knights]] invaded Lithuania.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=157}}

The ''Aeltere Hochmeisterchronik'' and other chronicles written in the Knights' territory accused the Polish prelates and lords of forcing Jadwiga to accept Jogaila's offer.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|pp=139–140}} According to a Polish legend, Jadwiga agreed to marry Jogaila due to [[divine inspiration]] during her long prayers before a [[crucifix]] in Wawel Cathedral.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=139}} Siemowit IV of Mazovia resigned his claim to Poland in December.{{sfn|Frost|2015|p=4}}

The Polish lords' envoys informed Jogaila that they would obey him if he married Jadwiga on 11 January 1386.{{sfn|Frost|2015|p=49}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=147}} Jogaila went to [[Lublin]] where a general assembly unanimously declared him "king and lord of Poland" in early February.{{sfn|Monter|2012|p=74}}{{sfn|Frost|2015|pp=49–50}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|pp=150–151}} Jogaila went on to Kraków where he was baptized, receiving the Christian name, Władysław, in Wawel Cathedral on 15 February.{{sfn|Davies|2005|p=95}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=152}} Three days later, Władysław-Jogaila, who was between 23- and 35-year old, married 12-year-old Jadwiga.{{sfn|Jackson|1999|p=190}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=152}}{{sfn|Borkowska|2012|p=476}} Władysław-Jogaila styled himself as ''dominus et tutor regni Poloniae'' ("lord and guardian of the Kingdom of Poland") in his first charter issued after the marriage.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=155}}

Archbishop Bodzanta crowned Władysław-Jogaila king on 4 March 1386.{{sfn|Frost|2015|p=4}} Poland was transformed into a [[diarchy]]{{spaced ndash}}a kingdom ruled over by two sovereigns.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=155}} Jadwiga and her husband did not speak a common language, but they cooperated closely in their marriage.{{sfn|Monter|2012|p=74}} She accompanied him to Greater Poland to appease the local lords who were still hostile to him.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=160}} The royal visit caused damage to the peasants who lived in the local prelates' domains, but Jadwiga persuaded her husband to compensate them, saying: "We have, indeed, returned the peasants' cattle, but who can repair their tears?",<ref>''The Annals of Jan Długosz'' (A.D. 1386), p. 348.</ref> according to Długosz's chronicle.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=160}} A court record of her order to the judges in favour of a peasant also shows that she protected the poor.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=160}}

[[Pope Urban VI]] sent his legate, [[Maffiolus de Lampugnano]], to Kraków to enquire about the marriage of the royal couple.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=158}} Lampugnano did not voice any objections, but the Teutonic Knights started a propaganda campaign in favour of William of Habsburg.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|pp=157–159}} Queen Elizabeth pledged to assist Władysław-Jogaila against his enemies on 9 June 1386,{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=158}} but Hungary had sunken into anarchy.{{sfn|Deletant|1986|p=202}} A group of [[Slavonia]]n lords captured and imprisoned Jadwiga's mother and sister on 25 July.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=198}} The rebels murdered Queen Elizabeth in January 1387.{{sfn|Engel|2001|pp=198–199}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=164}} A month later, Jadwiga marched at the head of Polish troops to Ruthenia where all but one of the governors submitted to her without opposition.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|pp=165–166}}{{sfn|Gromada|1999|p=435}}
[[File:Simmler Queen Jadwiga's oath.jpg|thumb|alt=A crowned young woman on her knees with her hand on the Bible which is held by an old bearded man |''Queen Jadwiga's Oath'', by [[Józef Simmler]], 1867]]

Duke Vladislaus of Opole also had a claim on Ruthenia but could not convince [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia|King Wenceslaus of Germany]] to intervene on his behalf.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=166}} Jadwiga confirmed the privileges of the local inhabitants and promised that Ruthenia would never again be separated from the Polish Crown.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=166}} After the reinforcements that Władysław-Jogaila sent from Lithuania arrived in August, Halych, the only fortress to resist, also surrendered.{{sfn|Deletant|1986|p=203}} Władysław-Jogaila also came to Ruthenia in September.{{sfn|Deletant|1986|p=203}} Voivode [[Petru II of Moldavia]] visited the royal couple and paid homage to them in [[Lviv]] on 26 September.{{sfn|Deletant|1986|p=203}} Władysław-Jogaila confirmed the privileges that Jadwiga had granted the Ruthenians in October.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=166}} She also instructed her subjects to show the same respect for her husband as for herself: in a letter addressed to the burghers of Kraków in late 1387, she stated that her husband was their "natural lord".{{sfn|Monter|2012|p=74}}{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=156}}

On William's demand, Pope Urban VI initiated a new investigation into the marriage of Jadwiga and Władysław-Jogaila.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|pp=167–168}} They sent Bishop Dobrogost of Poznań to Rome to inform the pope of the [[Christianization of Lithuania]].{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=170}} In his letter to Bishop Dobrogost, Pope Urban jointly mentioned the royal couple in March 1388, which implied that he had already acknowledged the legality of their marriage.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=170}} However, [[Gniewosz of Dalewice]], who had been William of Habsburg's supporter, spread rumours about secret meetings between William and Jadwiga in the royal castle.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=170}} Jadwiga took a solemn oath before Jan Tęczyński, stating that she had only had marital relations with Władysław-Jogaila.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|pp=137, 180}} After all witnesses confirmed her oath, Gniewosz of Dalewice confessed that he had lied.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=180}} She did not take vengeance on him.{{sfn|Halecki|1991|p=180}}