Editing Grammatical particle (section)

== English ==
''Particle'' is a somewhat nebulous term for a variety of small words that do not conveniently fit into other classes of words.<ref name="Glossary Particle">{{Cite book|title=A Glossary of English Grammar|first=Geoffrey|last=Leech|year=2006|page=79|isbn=978-0-7486-1729-6|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}</ref> ''The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language'' defines a particle as a "word that does not change its form through inflection and does not fit easily into the established system of parts of speech".<ref name="Companion Particle">{{Cite book|at=Particle|title=The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language|last1=McArthur|first1=Thomas Burns|last2=McArthur|first2=Roshan|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780192806376|date=2005|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordcom00mcar}}</ref> The term includes the "adverbial particles" like ''up'' or ''out'' in verbal idioms ([[phrasal verb]]s) such as "look up" or "knock out"; it also includes the "infinitival particle" ''to'', the "negative particle" ''not'', the "imperative particles" ''do'' and ''let'', and sometimes "pragmatic particles" (also called "fillers" or "discourse markers") like ''oh'' and ''well''.<ref name="Companion Particle"/>