Editing Enochian (section)

== Grammar ==

=== Morphology ===
The grammar is for the most part without articles or prepositions.{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=43}}{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|p=20}} Adjectives are quite rare.{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|pp=19–20}} Aaron Leitch identifies several affixes in Enochian, including ''-o'' (indicating 'of') and ''-ax'' (which functions like ''-ing'' in English).{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|pp=18–19}} Leitch observes that, unlike English, Enochian appears to have a [[vocative case]], citing Dee's note in the margin of the First Table of ''Loagaeth''{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|p=21}} – "Befes the vocative case of Befafes".{{sfnp|Dee|Peterson|2003|p=310}}

==== Compounds ====
Compounds are frequent in the Enochian corpus. Modifiers and indicators are typically compounded with the nouns and verbs modified or indicated. These compounds can occur with demonstrative pronouns and conjunctions, as well as with various forms of the verb 'to be'. The compounding of nouns with adjectives or other verbs is less common. Compounds may exhibit variant spellings of the words combined.{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|pp=15–17}}

==== Conjugation ====
Conjugation can result in spelling changes which can appear to be random or haphazard. Due to this, Aaron Leitch has expressed doubt as to whether Enochian actually has conjugations.{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|pp=17–18}} The very scant evidence of Enochian [[verb conjugation]] seems quite reminiscent of English, including the verb 'to be' which is highly irregular.{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=43}}

Laycock reports that the largest number of forms are recorded for 'be' and for ''goh-'' 'say':{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=43}}

{{columns-start|width=40em}}
::{|
!'to be'
|-
|''zir, zirdo'' || I am
|-
|''geh'' || thou art
|-
|''i'' || he/she/it is
|-
|''chiis, chis, chiso'' || they are
|-
|''as, zirop'' || was
|-
|''zirom'' || were
|-
|''trian'' || shall be
|-
|''christeos'' || let there be
|-
|''bolp'' || be thou!
|-
|''ipam'' || is not
|-
|''ipamis'' || cannot be
|}
{{column}}
{|
!'to say'
|-
|''gohus'' || I say
|-
|''gohe, goho'' || he says
|-
|''gohia'' || we say
|-
|''gohol'' || saying
|-
|''gohon'' || they have spoken
|-
|''gohulim'' || it is said
|}
{{columns-end}}

Note that ''christeos'' 'let there be' might be from 'Christ', and if so is not part of a conjugation.{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=42}}

For negation of verbs, two constructions are attested: e.g. ''chis ge'' 'are not' (''chis'' 'they are') and ''ip uran'' 'not see' (''uran'' 'see').{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=43}}

==== Pronouns ====
While Enochian does have personal pronouns, they are rare and used in ways that can be difficult to understand. Relative possessive pronouns do exist but are used sparingly.{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|pp=19–20}}

Attested personal pronouns (Dee's material only):{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=43 and dictionary entries}}

{{columns-start|width=60em}}
::{|
| ''ol'' || I, me, my, myself
|-
| ''il, ils, yls, ylsi'' || thou, thee
|-
| ''q'' ([kwɑ]) || thy
|-
| ''tia'' || his
|-
| ''tox'' || of him, his
|-
| ''pi'' || she
|-
| ''tlb'' = ''tilb'', ''tbl'' ([tibl]) || her, of her
|-
| ''tiobl'' || in her
|-
| ''t'' ([ti]) || it
|}
{{column}}
{|
| ''zylna'' || itself
|-
| ''ge'' || we, us, our (soft 'g')
|-
| ''helech'' || in ours (?)
|-
| ''g'' = ''gi'' || you, your (soft 'g')
|-
| ''nonci'' || you (soft 'c')
|-
| ''nonca, noncf, noncp'' || to you (soft 'c')
|-
| ''amiran'' || yourselves
|-
| ''z'' ([zə]) || they
|-
| ''par'' || they, them
|}
{{columns-end}}

Demonstrative pronouns: ''oi'' 'this', ''unal'' 'these, those', ''priaz(i)'' 'those'.{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=dictionary entries}}

=== Syntax ===
Word order closely follows English, except for the dearth of articles and prepositions.{{sfnp|Laycock|2001|p=43}} Adjectives, although rare, typically precede the noun as in English.{{sfnp|Leitch|2010b|pp=19–20}}