Editing Economy of Turkey (section)

===Industrial sector===
{{update section|date=April 2019}}
[[Heavy industry]] is tending to move out of the EU due to Turkey’s laxer pollution regulations and cheaper energy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey's growing power pollution a sign of things to come |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-growing-power-pollution-sign-things-come-maguire-2025-02-06/}}</ref>

====Consumer electronics and home appliances====
Turkey's [[Vestel]] is the largest TV producer in [[Europe]], accounting for a quarter of all TV sets manufactured and sold on the continent in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jun2006/gb20060609_371863.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613161738/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jun2006/gb20060609_371863.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2006|title=The Unknown TV Giant|author=Michael Kuser|work=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref> By January 2005, Vestel and its rival Turkish electronics and white goods brand [[Beko]] accounted for more than half of all TV sets manufactured in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/BUSINESS/01/17/turkey.beko/|access-date=2008-08-29|title=Turkey switches on to TV market|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=2005-01-17|first=Jim|last=Boulden|archive-date=13 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213121003/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/BUSINESS/01/17/turkey.beko/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another Turkish electronics brand, Profilo Telra, was Europe's third-largest TV producer in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_August_19/ai_n14927389|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530095559/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_August_19/ai_n14927389|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-30|access-date=2008-08-29 |title=Europe's No. 3 TV Manufacturer, a Private Company: PROFILO-TELRA |date=2005-08-19 |work=[[Business Wire]] |publisher=BNET}}</ref>

====Textiles and clothing====
The Turkish textile is the world's fifth largest exporter, accounting for 10% of the country's GDP and employing 750 000 people in 2018. Turkish companies made [[clothing]] exports worth $13.98 billion in 2006; more than $10.67 billion of which (76.33%) were exported to the European Union.<ref>"[http://www.itkib.org.tr/en_new/reports/clothing_2006_annual_report.pdf The Export Performance of the Turkish Clothing Industry in 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128170222/http://www.itkib.org.tr/en_new/reports/clothing_2006_annual_report.pdf |date=2007-11-28 }}," ITKIB</ref>

====Motor vehicles and automotive products====
{{Main|Automotive industry in Turkey}}

{{multiple image
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| footer            = 1966 [[Anadol#Anadol A1 (1966–1975)|Anadol A1]] (left) and 1973 [[Anadol#Anadol STC-16 (1973–1975)|Anadol STC-16]] (right) at the [[Rahmi M. Koç Museum]] in Istanbul. [[Devrim]] (1961) was the first Turkish car.
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The [[automotive industry in Turkey]], which plays an important role in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing sector]] of the Turkish economy, produced 1,352,648 motor vehicles in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Türkiye Otomotiv Sanayi 2022 |url=https://www.osd.org.tr/haberler/136 |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Otomotiv Sanayi Derneği}}</ref> ranking as the [[List of countries by motor vehicle production|13th largest producer in the world]] (production peaked at 1,695,731 motor vehicles in 2017, when Turkey also [[List of countries by motor vehicle production|ranked 13th]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 Statistics {{!}} www.oica.net|url=https://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/2021-statistics/|access-date=2022-08-26|website=oica.net}}</ref> Turkish automotive companies like [[TEMSA]], [[Otokar]] and [[BMC (Turkey)|BMC]] are among the world's largest van, bus and truck manufacturers. [[Togg]], or Turkey's Automobile Joint Venture Group Inc. is the first all-electric vehicle company of Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unveren |first=Burak |date=30 October 2022 |title=Turkey launches TOGG car, Erdogan's prestige project |url=https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-launches-togg-car-erdogans-prestige-project/a-63595678 |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en}}</ref>

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| footer            = [[Togg T10X]] SUV<ref name="insideevs">{{cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/news/620213/turkey-national-carmaker-togg-starts-production-2023-c-suv-ev/|title=Turkey's National Carmaker Togg Starts Production Of 2023 C SUV EV|website=insideevs.com|author=Dan Mihalascu|date=4 November 2022}}</ref> and [[Togg#Models|Togg T10S sedan]] produced by [[Togg]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.togg.com.tr/|title=TOGG Official Website|publisher=togg.com.tr|accessdate=3 April 2020}}</ref> a [[Automotive industry in Turkey|Turkish automotive company]] which manufactures [[electric vehicle|EVs]]<ref name="Jay Ramey">{{cite web|url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a30355931/turkey-bets-on-evs-with-the-pininfarina-designed-togg/|title=Turkey Bets on EVs with the Pininfarina-Designed TOGG|author=Jay Ramey|publisher=autoweek.com|date=30 December 2019|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602194913/https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a30355931/turkey-bets-on-evs-with-the-pininfarina-designed-togg/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Togg-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/a-game-changer-t%C3%BCrkiye-inaugurates-its-first-national-car-plant-62068|title='A game changer': Türkiye inaugurates its first national car plant|publisher=[[TRT World]]|date=30 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="insideevs"/>
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The automotive industry is an important part of the economy since the late 1960s. The companies that operate in the sector are mainly located in the [[Marmara Region]]. With a cluster of car-makers and parts suppliers, the Turkish automotive sector has become an integral part of the global network of production bases, exporting over $22.94 billion worth of motor vehicles and components in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haberler.com/otomotiv-ihracati-2008-de-22-milyar-944-milyon-haberi/ |title=Otomotiv İhracatı 2008'de 22 Milyar 944 Milyon Dolara Ulaştı |publisher=Haberler |access-date=2011-08-29 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208102218/http://www.haberler.com/otomotiv-ihracati-2008-de-22-milyar-944-milyon-haberi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=29.08.2011 Pazartesi 15:58 |url=https://www.bankakredim.net/2008-otomotiv-ihracati-rekor-kirdi/ |title=2008'de otomotiv ihracatı rekor kırdı |publisher=bankakredimnet |access-date=2011-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313124254/https://www.bankakredim.net/2008-otomotiv-ihracati-rekor-kirdi/ |archive-date=2017-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Global car manufacturers with production plants include [[Fiat]]/[[Tofaş]], [[Oyak-Renault]], [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]], [[Toyota]], [[Honda]] and [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]/[[Otosan]]. Turkish automotive companies like [[TEMSA]], [[Otokar]] and [[BMC (Turkey)|BMC]] are among the world's largest van, bus and truck manufacturers.{{Cn|date=September 2023|reason=Need independent reliable source}} [[Togg]] is a new Turkish automotive company established in 2018 for producing [[electric vehicle|EV]]s.<ref name="Jay Ramey" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.togg.com.tr/|title=TOGG Official Website|publisher=togg.com.tr|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> Togg's factory in [[Gemlik]], [[Bursa Province]], was inaugurated on 29 October 2022, the 99th anniversary of the Turkish Republic.<ref name="Togg-2022"/>

Turkey's annual auto exports, including trucks and buses, surpassed 1 million units for the first time in 2016 as foreign automakers' investment in new models and a recovery in its mainstay European market lifted shipments. According to the industry group Automotive Manufacturers Association (OSD), Turkey-based car plants exported 1.14 million units in 2016, up 15% from the year before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sano |first=Akihito |date=15 February 2017 |title=Turkish auto exports hit 1m for first time in 2016 |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Turkish-auto-exports-hit-1m-for-first-time-in-2016 |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=[[Nikkei Asia]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Auto exports hit a record high for the fourth straight year. Production grew 9% year on year in 2016 to 1.48 million units, setting a new record for the second consecutive year. Nearly 80% of vehicles produced in Turkey were exported.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Economy/Turkish-auto-exports-hit-1m-for-first-time-in-2016/|title=Turkish auto exports hit 1m for first time in 2016|website=Nikkei Asian Review}}</ref>

====Multiple unit trains, locomotives and wagons====
[[File:M8 Metro Line.jpg|thumb|[[Istanbul Metro]]'s [[M8 (Istanbul Metro)|M8]] line is among the new lines with fully automated [[automatic train operation|driverless trains]] and [[platform screen doors]] for increasing passenger safety.]]

[[TÜLOMSAŞ]] (1894), [[TÜVASAŞ]] (1951) and [[EUROTEM]] (2006) are among the major producers of [[multiple unit]] trains, [[locomotive]]s and [[Railroad car|wagons]] in Turkey, including [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]] and [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]] models.{{Cn|date=September 2023|reason=Need independent reliable source}}

[[Bozankaya]] is a Turkish manufacturer of rolling stock including metro, tram and trolleybus vehicles in Ankara.

====Defence industry====
{{Main|Defense industry of Turkey}}
[[File:IMG-TAI-TFX.jpg|thumb|The [[TAI TF Kaan]], a twin engine fifth generation air superiority fighter, completed its maiden flight on February 21, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/unique-sensor-setup-emerges-on-turkeys-stealthy-new-fighter|title=Unique Sensor Setup Emerges On Turkey's Stealthy New Fighter|website=twz.com|author=Joseph Trevithick|date=10 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/our-first-full-look-at-turkeys-new-tf-x-stealthy-fighter|title=Our First Full Look At Turkey's New TF-X Stealthy Fighter|website=twz.com|author=Joseph Trevithick|date=17 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/turkey-kaan-fighter-test|title=Turkey's KAAN fifth-gen fighter jet conducts first test flight|publisher=Aerotime|author=Clément Charpentreau|date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviationweek.com/defense/aircraft-propulsion/turkish-kaan-fighter-jet-makes-much-anticipated-second-flight|title=Turkish Kaan Fighter Jet Makes Much-Anticipated Second Flight|publisher=Aviation Week|author=Tony Osborne|date=7 May 2024}}</ref> [[TAI Anka-3]], a [[flying wing]] type [[stealth aircraft|stealth]] [[UCAV]], completed its maiden flight on December 28, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAnxwJk0h10|title=Turkey's ANKA III Fighter Drone Makes Debut Flight|publisher=Bloomberg Television|date=29 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-29/turkey-s-stealth-drone-anka-3-makes-debut-flight-with-ukraine-engine|title=Turkish Stealth Drone Makes Debut Flight After Years of Secrecy|publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|date=29 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2024/turkish-tais-anka-3-becomes-first-next-gen-stealth-combat-drone-fully-operated-from-aircraft|title=Turkish TAI's ANKA-3 Becomes First Next-Gen Stealth Combat Drone Fully Operated from Aircraft|website=armyrecognition.com|publisher=Army Recognition Group - Global Defense News|date=31 October 2024}}</ref>]]
[[File:TCG Anadolu (L-400) on the Bosphorus (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[TCG Anadolu|TCG ''Anadolu'' (L-400)]] during the naval parade for celebrating the [[Republic Day (Turkey)|centennial of the Turkish Republic]] on October 29, 2023. [[Baykar Bayraktar TB3]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trevithick |first=Joseph |date=2024-11-19 |title=TB3 Operates From Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship For The First Time |url=https://www.twz.com/air/tb3-drone-lands-takes-off-from-turkeys-drone-carrier-amphibious-assault-ship |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=The War Zone |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Baykartech_26.11.2024">{{cite web|url=https://baykartech.com/en/press/bayraktar-tb3-uav-successfully-continues-ship-tests/|title=Bayraktar TB3 UAV successfully continues ship tests|website=baykartech.com|publisher=Baykar Technology|date=26 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="TB3_PT-2_Test_59">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPS5Mv8tvXQ|title=Bayraktar TB3 PT-2 59th Test|publisher=Baykar Technology|date=26 November 2024}}</ref> and the jet-powered, low-observable [[Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma|Baykar MIUS Kızılelma]] are two [[UCAV]]s designed to operate on TCG ''Anadolu''.<ref name="Helfrich">{{cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/turkeys-drone-carrier-amphibious-assault-ship-enters-service|title=Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship Enters Service|author=Emma Helfrich|website=thedrive.com|date=11 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/05/here-is-how-uavs-will-be-recovered-aboard-tcg-anadolu/|title=Here Is How UAVs Will Be Recovered Aboard TCG Anadolu|website=navalnews.com|publisher=Naval News|author=Tayfun Özberk|date=1 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vS5zTOAqZE|title=Flight of the Baykar MIUS Kızılelma UCAV at Teknofest 2023|publisher=Savunma Sanayii|date=30 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxVpXGf8e8I |title=Bayraktar Kızılelma's Formation Flights – A First in Aviation History |publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=5 June 2023}}</ref> The construction of the first [[MUGEM-class aircraft carrier|''MUGEM''-class aircraft carrier]] began on January 2, 2025.<ref name="NavalNews_02.01.2025">{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/01/turkish-navy-starts-construction-of-3-major-projects-mugem-aircraft-carrier-tf-2000-destroyer-and-milden/|title=Turkish Navy starts construction of 3 major projects: MUGEM Aircraft Carrier, TF-2000 Destroyer, MILDEN Submarine|author=Tayfun Ozberk|publisher=Naval News|website=navalnews.com|date=2 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="Army_Recognition_03.01.2025">{{cite web|url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/navy-news/2025/turkish-naval-ambitions-realized-construction-of-milden-submarine-and-carrier-starts|title=Turkish Naval Ambitions Realized: Construction of MİLDEN Submarine and Carrier Starts|website=armyrecognition.com|publisher=Army Recognition Group - Global Defense News|date=3 January 2025}}</ref>]]Turkey has many modern armament manufacturers. Annual exports reached $1.6 billion in 2014.<ref name="Milliyet">{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/savunma-sanayi-ihracat-artisi-turkiye-istanbul-yerelhaber-644220/|title=Savunma Sanayi İhracat Artışı, Türkiye Ortalamasının Dört Katından Fazla Oldu|newspaper=Milliyet|access-date=27 February 2015}}</ref> [[Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation|MKEK]], [[Turkish Aerospace Industries|TAI]], [[Aselsan]], [[Roketsan]], [[FNSS Defence Systems|FNSS]], [[Nurol Makina]], [[Otokar]], and [[Havelsan]] are major manufacturers. On 11 July 2002, Turkey became a Level&nbsp;3 partner of the [[F-35 Joint Strike Fighter]] (JSF) development program. [[Turkish Aerospace Industries|TAI]] builds various aircraft types and models, such as the [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]] for the [[Turkish Air Force]].<ref name="reuters">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tnBasicIndustries-SP/idUSL114958220070511 |title=Turkey signs $1.78 bln deal to buy warplanes |work=Reuters| date=11 May 2007}}</ref><ref name="f16art2325">{{cite web |url=http://www.f-16.net/news_article2325.html |work=F-16.net |title=Turkey signs contract to buy 30 F-16 block 50+ jets}}</ref> Turkey has recently launched domestically built new [[reconnaissance satellite|military/intelligence satellites]] including a 0.8m resolution reconnaissance satellite (Project [[Göktürk-1]]) for use by the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] and a 2m resolution reconnaissance satellite (Project [[Göktürk-2]]) for use by the [[National Intelligence Organization (Turkey)|Turkish National Intelligence Organization]].{{Cn|date=September 2023|reason=Need independent reliable source}}

Other important products include the [[TAI TF Kaan]], [[TF2000-class destroyer]], [[Milgem class corvette]], [[Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma|Baykar MIUS Kızılelma]] UCAV, [[Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı|Baykar Akıncı]] [[High-altitude long endurance|HALE]] UCAV, [[Baykar Bayraktar TB2]] [[Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle|MALE]] UCAV, [[TAI Aksungur]] MALE UCAV, [[TAI Anka]] MALE [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]]/UCAV, [[ASELSAN|Aselsan İzci]] [[Unmanned ground vehicle|UGV]], [[Altay (tank)|Altay main battle tank]], [[T-155 Fırtına|T-155 Fırtına self-propelled howitzer]], [[J-600T missile]], [[TAI/AgustaWestland T-129|T-129 attack helicopter]], [[Airbus A400M Atlas|A400M]], [[UMTAS|Roketsan UMTAS anti-tank missile]], [[Roketsan Cirit|Roketsan Cirit laser-guided rocket]], [[Panter howitzer]], [[ACV-300]], [[Otokar Cobra]] and [[Otokar Akrep|Akrep]], [[BMC Kirpi]], [[FNSS Pars|FNSS Pars 6x6 and 8x8 APC]], [[Nurol Ejder|Nurol Ejder 6x6 APC]], [[TOROS artillery rocket system]], [[Bayraktar Mini UAV]], [[ASELSAN|ASELPOD]], and [[SOM (missile)|SOM cruise missile]].{{Cn|date=September 2023|reason=Need independent reliable source}}

====Steel-Iron industry====
Turkey ranks 8th in the [[list of countries by steel production]]. In 2013, total steel production was 35.134 million tonnes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=İstatıstıkler |url=https://www.cib.org.tr/tr/istatistikler.html |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=Turkish Steel Exporters Association |language=tr}}</ref> Turkey's crude steel production reached a record high of 34.1 million tons in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcud.org.tr/en/page.asp?id=30|title=Turkish Steel Producers Association|author=Turkish Steel Producers Association|work=dcud.org.tr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109224504/http://www.dcud.org.tr/en/page.asp?id=30|archive-date=2014-01-09}}</ref>
Notable producers (above 2 million tonnes) and their ranks among top steel producing companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gozlemgazetesi.com/671-en-buyuk-celik-ureticileri-listesine-turkiye-damgasi.html|title=Gözlem Gazetesi|author=Gözlem Gazetesi|work=gozlemgazetesi.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104042043/http://www.gozlemgazetesi.com/671-en-buyuk-celik-ureticileri-listesine-turkiye-damgasi.html|archive-date=2011-11-04}}</ref>
* [[Erdemir]] (7.1 million tonnes) (47th) (<small>Only Erdemir-Turkey; Erdemir-Romania is not included</small>)
* Habaş (4.4 million tonnes) (72nd)
* İçdaş (3.6 million tonnes) (76th)
* Diler (2.3 million tonnes) (108th)
* Çolakoğlu (2.1 million tonnes) (110th)

====Science and technology====
{{Main|Science and technology in Turkey}}

Turkey boasts over 80 [[Science parks|technoparks]] where around 6,000 national and multinational companies engage in R&D activities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Developing an Innovation-Oriented Society|url=https://horasis.org/developing-an-innovation-oriented-society/|website=horasis.org|publisher=[[Horasis]]|author=Frank-Jürgen Richter|author-link=Frank-Jürgen Richter|date=20 September 2023|access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> [[Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey|TÜBİTAK]] is the leading agency for developing science, technology and innovation policies in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/en/about-us/content-who-we-are|title=Who We Are? – The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey|work=tubitak.gov.tr}}</ref> The [[Turkish Academy of Sciences]] is an autonomous scholarly society acting to promote scientific activities in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuba.gov.tr/content/amac/id/212/pid/43/mid/49/|title=Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi|work=tuba.gov.tr|access-date=2014-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221214423/http://www.tuba.gov.tr/content/amac/id/212/pid/43/mid/49/|archive-date=2014-02-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[TAEK]] is the official [[nuclear technology|nuclear energy]] institution of Turkey. Its objectives include academic research in nuclear energy, and the development and implementation of peaceful nuclear tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taek.gov.tr/en/institutional/mission-of-taek.html |title=Turkish Atomic Energy Authority – Mission of TAEK |access-date=2014-08-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608145555/http://www.taek.gov.tr/en/institutional/mission-of-taek.html |archive-date=2014-06-08 }}</ref>

Turkish government companies for [[research and development]] in [[military technology|military technologies]] include [[Turkish Aerospace Industries]], [[ASELSAN]], [[HAVELSAN]], [[ROKETSAN]], [[Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation|MKE]], among others. [[Turkish Satellite Assembly, Integration and Test Center]] is a spacecraft production and testing facility owned by the Ministry of National Defence and operated by the Turkish Aerospace Industries. The [[Space Launch System (Turkey)|Turkish Space Launch System]] is a project to develop the satellite launch capability of Turkey. It consists of the construction of a [[spaceport]], the development of [[satellite launch vehicle]]s as well as the establishment of remote earth stations.<ref name="ssm1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/Sayfalar/proje.aspx?projeID=222|publisher=Undersecretariat for Defence Industries|title=Space Launch System Project|access-date=2013-12-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220135241/http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/Sayfalar/proje.aspx?projeID=222|archive-date=2013-12-20}}</ref><ref name="dn1">{{cite news|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130728/DEFREG04/307280004/Turkey-s-Sat-Launcher-Plans-Raise-Concerns |newspaper=[[Defense News]] |title=Turkey's Sat-Launcher Plans Raise Concerns |author=Bekdil, Burak Ege |date=2013-07-28 |access-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130830224731/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130728/DEFREG04/307280004/Turkey-s-Sat-Launcher-Plans-Raise-Concerns |archive-date=2013-08-30 }}</ref><ref name="dn2">{{cite news|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20131212/DEFREG01/312120022/Turkey-Spends-Big-Innovation |newspaper=[[Defense News]] |title=Turkey Spends Big on Innovation |author=Bekdil, Burak Ege |date=2013-12-12 |access-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131220150620/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20131212/DEFREG01/312120022/Turkey-Spends-Big-Innovation |archive-date=2013-12-20 }}</ref>{{Obsolete source|date=September 2024}}