Editing Drammen (section)

==History==
[[Petroglyph|Rock carving]]s at Åskollen and Austad are 6000 to 7000 years old, and are the first signs of human activity in the area. The largest rock carving at Åskollen depicts a [[moose]].

Drammen originally consisted of three [[market town#Norway|small seaports]]: [[Bragernes]] (on the northern side of the [[Drammenselva]] river) and [[Strømsø]] and [[Tangen, Drammen|Tangen]] (both on the southern side of the river). For trade purposes, small seaports were placed under market towns. Despite their geographical proximity, Bragernes was placed under [[Oslo|Christiania]] and Strømsø under [[Tønsberg]]. For this reason, cooperation between the adjacent seaport towns was almost impossible.

In 1662, a merger was proposed to unite Strømsø and Bragernes to form a market town with the name Frederiksstrøm. The proposal was rejected by King [[Frederick III of Denmark|Frederick III]]. Bragernes received limited market town rights in 1715, and merged with Strømsø to gain status as a single [[cities of Norway|city]] on 19 June 1811.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drammenshistorie.com/kort.shtml|title=Kort oversikt over Drammens historie |access-date=7 December 2006|last=Søbstad|first=Per Ivar|work=History of Drammen |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060822101932/http://drammenshistorie.com/kort.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 22 August 2006|url-status=usurped|language=no}}</ref>

Its geographical location made the city favorable for seafaring, [[shipbuilding]], [[log driving]], timber trade. During the 19th century, paper and pulp industries were developed.  Large parts of the city were ruined in the great fire of 12–13 July 1866,{{sfn|Tingle|1866}} which led to the reconstruction of the city centre, including the characteristic town square and Bragernes church. The [[Drammen Line]] (''Drammenbanen'' ) opened in 1872 providing rail service between Drammen and Oslo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=    https://snl.no/Drammenbanen|title= Drammenbanen|encyclopedia =  Store norske leksikon|author=  Tor Wisting|access-date= 1 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://drammenshistorie.com/bybranner.shtml|title=Bybranner |access-date=7 December 2006|last=Søbstad|first=Per Ivar|work=History of Drammen |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061110005457/http://drammenshistorie.com/bybranner.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 10 November 2006|url-status=usurped|language=no}}</ref>

In 1909, Drammen got the first [[trolleybus]] system in [[Scandinavia]], the [[Trolleybuses in Drammen|Drammen trolleybus]]. The lines ran until 1967. For many years the centre of Drammen suffered from heavy traffic. In 1970, [[Drammen Bridge]] with two lanes on European route E18 was built (expanded to four lanes in 2006) and in 1999 the opening of the Bragernes tunnel (''Bragernestunnelen'') diverted additional traffic away from the centre of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=    https://structurae.net/structures/drammen-bridge|title= Drammen Bridge|publisher =    structurae.net |access-date= 1 October 2016}}</ref>

In recent years, the city centre has seen the introduction of new housing, shopping facilities, restaurants, cafes and bars, as well as a public pathway along the [[Drammenselva]] river.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historier.no/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=72&Itemid=305 |title=Steder – Buskerud – Drammen |publisher=Historier.no |access-date=5 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804055602/http://www.historier.no/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=72&Itemid=305 |archive-date=4 August 2012  }}</ref>

In 2011, Drammen observed its 200th anniversary with many citywide jubilee celebrations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drammen.no/city_anniversary/cms/1613/|title=Drammen's 2011 bicentennial celebrations|access-date=9 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110731181718/http://www.drammen.no/city_anniversary/cms/1613|archive-date=31 July 2011}}</ref> Drammen's district heating system was upgraded to use [[Heat pump#Water-source heat pump|water-sourced heat pumps]], drawing on local fjord water, to support population growth in the city.<ref name=bbc-20150310>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-31506073 |title=Heat pumps extract warmth from ice cold water |author=Richard Anderson |publisher=BBC |date=10 March 2015 |access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref>