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=== October–December === * [[October 8]] – The [[Shunzhi Emperor]] of China is crowned at five years old, 17 days after the death of his father and the decision of the [[Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers]]. * [[October 28]] – [[Dutch expedition to Valdivia]]: The Dutch end their occupation of [[Valdivia]] in [[Chile]]. * [[November 14]] – [[Empress Meishō]] abdicates and [[Emperor Go-Kōmyō]] accedes to the throne of Japan. * [[November 24]] – [[Thirty Years' War]]: [[Battle of Tuttlingen]] – France is defeated by forces of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. * [[December 12]] – Swedish Field Marshal [[Lennart Torstensson]]'s forces enter [[Denmark-Norway|Danish]] territory in [[Holstein]], beginning the [[Torstenson War]]. * [[December 13]] – [[First English Civil War]]: At the [[Battle of Alton]] in [[Hampshire]], the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists. * [[December 25]] – [[Christmas Island]] in the Indian Ocean is sighted and named by Captain William Mynors of the [[British East India Company]] ship ''Royal Mary''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/christmas/culture-history/island-history.html |title=Christmas Island history |publisher=Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities |access-date=December 9, 2011 |date=November 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304001240/http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/christmas/culture-history/island-history.html |archive-date=March 4, 2012 }}</ref> * [[December 28]] – [[Dutch expedition to Valdivia]]: The failed Dutch expedition arrives back at [[Recife]] in [[Dutch Brazil]].
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