Editing Indonesian language (section)

== Literature ==
{{Main|Indonesian literature}}

Indonesia hosts a variety of traditional verbal arts such as [[poetry]], [[Narrative history|historical narratives]], [[romance film|romances]], and [[drama]], which are expressed in local languages, but modern genres are expressed mainly in Indonesian.<ref name="hawaii.edu"/> Some of the classic Indonesian stories include ''[[Sitti Nurbaya]]'' by [[Marah Rusli]], ''[[Azab dan Sengsara]]'' by [[Merari Siregar]], and ''[[Sengsara Membawa Nikmat]]'' by [[Tulis Sutan Sati]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.resourcefulindonesian.com/indonesian-literature.html|title=Indonesian Literature|website=Resourceful Indonesian|access-date=13 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175250/https://www.resourcefulindonesian.com/indonesian-literature.html|archive-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accu.or.jp/appreb/09/pdf32-1/32-1p.03-4.pdf |title=Recent Writers in Indonesia  |last=Sumardjo |first=Jakob |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011113425/http://www.accu.or.jp/appreb/09/pdf32-1/32-1p.03-4.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> Modern literature like [[novel]]s, [[short story|short stories]], stage plays, and [[Free verse|free-form poetry]] has developed since the late years of the 19th century and has produced figures such as [[novelist]] [[Pramoedya Ananta Toer]], [[dramatist]] [[Willibrordus S. Rendra|W.S. Rendra]], poet [[Chairil Anwar]], and [[cinematographer]] [[Garin Nugroho]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/03062848208729531 | volume=10 | issue=29 | title=A new introduction to modern Indonesian literature | journal=Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter | pages=33–40| year=2007 | last1=Watson | first1=C W }}</ref> Indonesia's classic novels themselves offer insight into the [[Culture of Indonesia|local culture]] and traditions and the historical background before and immediately after the country gained independence. One notable example is ''Shackles'', which was written by [[Armijn Pane]] in 1940. Originally titled ''[[Belenggu]]'', it has been translated into many languages, including [[English language|English]] and [[German language|German]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/08/20/must-read-indonesian-classic-novels.html|title=Must-read Indonesian classic novels|work=The Jakarta Post|first=Masajeng|last=Rahmiasri|date=20 August 2016|access-date=13 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128192012/http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/08/20/must-read-indonesian-classic-novels.html|archive-date=28 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>