Editing Indonesian language (section)

=== Loan words of Arabic origin ===
[[File:Jakarta Indonesia Istiqlal-Mosque-03.jpg|thumb|The word ''masjid'' (mosque) in Indonesian derived from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word ''{{Transliteration|ar|Wehr|masjid}}'' ({{lang|ar|مسجد|rtl=yes}}).]]
Many Arabic words were brought and spread by merchants from [[Arab Peninsula]] like [[Arabian people|Arabian]], [[Persian people|Persian]], and from the western part of India, [[Gujarat]] where many Muslims lived.<ref name="catdir.loc.gov">{{Cite book |url=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam032/98020577.pdf |title=Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia |chapter=Introduction |first=J. Joseph |last=Errington |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1998 |access-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315041651/http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam032/98020577.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, many Indonesian words come from the Arabic language. Especially since the late 12th century, Old Malay was heavily influenced by the language and produced many great literary works such as [[Syair]], [[Babad]], [[Hikayat]], and Suluk. This century is known as ''The Golden Age of Indonesian Literature''.<ref name="catdir.loc.gov"/>

Many loanwords from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] are mainly concerned with religion, in particular with [[Islam]], and by extension, with greetings such as the word, "selamat" (from {{langx|ar|سلامة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|salāma}}'' = health, soundness)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asalkata.com/?q=selamat |title=Etymology of "selamat" in ''Asalkata.com'' |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024205854/http://asalkata.com/?q=selamat |archive-date=24 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> means "safe" or "lucky". Words of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] origin include ''dunia'' (from {{langx|ar|دنيا}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|dunyā}}'' = the present world), names of days (except ''Minggu''), such as ''Sabtu'' (from {{langx|ar|سبت}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|sabt-u}}'' = Saturday), ''iklan'' ({{lang|ar|آعلان|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|iʻlan}}'' = advertisement), ''kabar'' ({{lang|ar|خبر|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|khabar}}'' = news), ''Kursi'' ({{lang|ar|كرسي|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|kursī}}'' = a chair), ''ijazah'' ({{lang|ar|إجازة|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|ijāza}}'' = 'permission', certificate of authority, e.g. a school diploma certificate), ''kitab'' ({{lang|ar|كتاب|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|kitāb}}'' = book), ''tertib'' ({{lang|ar|ترتيب|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|tartīb}}'' = order/arrangement) and ''kamus'' ({{lang|ar|قاموس|rtl=yes}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|qāmūs}}'' = dictionary). [[Allah]] ({{langx|ar|الله}}), as is mostly the case for [[varieties of Arabic|Arabic]] speakers, this is the word for [[God]] even in [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]] translations. Many early Bible translators, when they came across some unusual [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] words or proper names, used the Arabic cognates. In the newer translations this practice is discontinued. They now turn to [[Greek language|Greek]] names or use the original Hebrew Word. For example, the name [[Jesus]] was initially translated as [[Jesus in Islam|'''Isa'']] ({{langx|ar|عيسى}}), but is now spelt as ''Yesus''. Several ecclesiastical terms derived from Arabic still exist in Indonesian language. Indonesian word for ''[[bishop]]'' is ''uskup'' (from {{langx|ar|أسقف}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|usquf}}'' = bishop). This in turn makes the Indonesian term for [[archbishop]] ''uskup agung'' ({{lit|great bishop}}), which is combining the Arabic word with an Old Javanese word. The term ''imam'' (from {{langx|ar|إمام}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|imām}}'' = leader, prayer leader) is used to translate a Catholic [[priest]], beside its more common association with an Islamic prayer leader. Some Protestant denominations refer to their congregation ''jemaat'' (from {{langx|ar|جماعة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|jamāʻa}}'' = group, a community). Even the name of the [[Bible]] in Indonesian translation is ''Alkitab'' (from {{langx|ar|الكتاب}} ''{{transliteration|ar|Wehr|al-kitāb}}'' = the book), which literally means "the Book".